Izimbangela Ezivamile Zokwehluleka Kwesivalo Semishini Nendlela Yokuzivimbela

Izivalo Zemishini ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile emisebenzini eminingi yezimboni. Ukwehluleka kwazo kuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwezivalo okungalindelekile kubangela imiphumela emibi yezezimali emabhizinisini. Ukuqonda lezi zindlela zokwehluleka kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwesistimu okuthembekile kanye nokusebenza kahle.Ukuvimbela Ukuvuza KwesivaloIzinkinga ezifana nokuthiizimpawu zokugijima okomile ezimpahleni zomshini or ukuhlaselwa kwamakhemikhali kuma-elastomer ophawu lwemishinikuvame ukuholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zokusebenza.Ukuhlaziywa Kokwehluleka Kwesivalo Semishinikusiza ekuboneni izimbangela eziyinhloko, ukuvimbela izinkinga eziphindaphindayo ezifanaukuhlolwa kokushisa ebusweni bophawu.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Faka izivalo zemishini ngendlela efanele. Ukufakwa kabi kubangela ukuvuza nokuguguleka kusenesikhathi. Landela njalo imiyalelo yomenzi.
• Gcina izivalo zemishini zimanziUkuntuleka koketshezi olwanele kubangela ukuthi izivalo zishise kakhulu futhi ziguge ngokushesha. Sebenzisa uhlelo olufanele lokuhlanza ukuze zihlale zipholile futhi zisebenza.
• Vimbela ukungcola ukuthi kungangeni ezivalweni. Izingcezu ezincane zokungcola noma amatshe angcolile zingalimaza izingxenye zesivalweni. Sebenzisa izihlungi kanye noketshezi oluhlanzekile ukuvikela izivalweni zakho.
• Khetha izinto ezifanelengezivalo zakho. Amanye amakhemikhali angalimaza izivalo. Qiniseka ukuthi izinto zakho zesivalo ziyakwazi ukusingatha uketshezi eziluthintayo.
• Lungisa ukuxega nokuzamazama komgodi. Ukulungiswa okungalungile kanye nokuzamazama kakhulu kungaphula izivalo. Hlola amabheringi bese uqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye ziqondile ukuze kugcinwe izivalo ziphephile.

Ukufakwa Okungalungile Kwezimpawu Zomshini

Ukufakwa okungalungile kunomthelela omkhulu ekwehlulekeni kokuvalwa kwemishini ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngisho nezivalo eziqinile kakhulu azikwazi ukusebenza kahle uma ochwepheshe bengazifaki kahle. Lokhu kuvame ukuholela ekuvuvukeni ngokushesha noma ekugugeni okusheshayo, okunciphisa isikhathi sokuphila kwesivalo.

Ukungalungi kahle ngesikhathi sokufakwa

Ukungalungi kahle ngesikhathi sokufakwa kubeka ingcindezi engadingekile ezingxenyeni zesivalo. Lokhu kucindezeleka kubangela ukusebenza okungalungile kanye nokuguguleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Inkinga evamile ihilelaukufaka uphawu lomshini kuphampu engaqondile kahleIzici ezifana nokucindezeleka kwephayiphi noma ukuphuma komgodi kuvame ukubangela ukungahambi kahle kwephampu.Izinhlobo eziningana zokungalungi kahle zingavela:

• Ukungalingani okuhambisanayo:Imigqa ephakathi yemigodi emibili iphambene kodwa ihlala ihambisana.
• Ukungalingani kwe-engeli evundlile:Ama-shafts anezingqimba ezahlukene endizeni evundlile.
• Ukungalingani kwe-engeli eqondile:Ama-shafts anezingqimba ezahlukene endizeni eqondile.
• Ukungalingani okuqondile kanye nokuphambene:Umgodi owodwa ubekwe eceleni futhi ugobile ngokuvundlile.
• Ukungalingani okuqondile kanye nokuphambene:Umgodi owodwa ubekwe eceleni futhi ugobile uqonde phezulu.
  Ukungahambisani kahle kweshafti, lapho ishafti igobile noma ingaqondani kahle, nakho kugcizelela isivalo.

Ukuhlanganiswa Kwengxenye Okungalungile

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye okungalungile kuholela ngqo ekwehlulekeni kwesivalo. Lokhu kufaka phakathiukubekwa okungafanele kwezingxenye noma ukulayisha kusengaphambili okungalungileImiphumela ihlanganisaumonakalo ezintweni zerabhaNgisho nezinhlayiya ezincane zokungcola, uwoyela, noma izigxivizo zeminwe zingabangela ukungalungi kahle kwezindawo zokungqubuzana. Lokhu kuholela ekuvuzeni ngokweqile. Ochwepheshe bangase futhi bonakalise izindawo zokuvala noma bashiye ukungcola okusele. Ukuqina okungalingani kwama-bolt okuvala uwoyela nakho kubangela izinkinga. Ukukhohlwa imikhono yokwelula noma amasongo okukhiya kuholela ekusethweni okungalungile kobude bokusebenza kwesivalo. Ekugcineni, lezi zinkinga zibangela ukwehluleka kwesivalo futhi zinciphise impilo yokuthwala.

Umonakalo Ngesikhathi Sokuphathwa

Umonakalo ngesikhathi sokuphathwakuvame ukwenzeka ngaphambi kokufakwa. Ochwepheshe kumelephatha izivalo zemishini ngokucophelela, njengezinsimbi zokuthwala. Hlala uphatha izivalo ngezandla ezihlanzekile noma amagilavu. Amafutha avela esikhumbeni angalimaza izivalo ezibuthakathaka. Gcina izivalo kude nothuli, imfucumfucu, noma i-lint. Ungalokothi ulahle izivalo; isivalo esiwile kumele sishintshwe. Ungazisusi izivalo emaphaketheni kuze kube yilapho sezilungele ukufakwa. Uma isivalo sidinga ukufakwa phansi, sibeke ethawula lokusebenza elingenayo i-lint noma ebhentshini lokusebenzela elihlanzekile. Lokhu kuvimbela ukungcola.Ukulandela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi ngokunembile, okuhlanganisa nokususa ama-spacer ngaphambi kokuqala iyunithi, kuvimbela umonakalo wengxenye yangaphakathi.

Ukuvimbela Ukwehluleka Kwesivalo Semishini Okuhlobene Nokufakwa

Ukuvimbela ukwehluleka okuhlobene nokufakwa kudinga ukunaka ngokucophelela imininingwane nokunamathela emikhubeni emihle kakhulu. Izinkampani kumele ziqinisekiseabasebenzi abaqeqeshwe kuphela abaphatha inqubo yokufaka. Kumelwe futhi balandele ngokuqinile iziqondiso zokufakwa komenzi. Lezi ziqondiso zinikeza izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuhlanganiswa nokusebenza okufanele.

Njalosebenzisa amathuluzi okunemba ngesikhathi sokufakwaLawa mathuluzi aqinisekisa ukunemba nokuvimbela umonakalo. Funda kahle futhi ugcine imiyalelo yokufaka ukuze uyibhekisele futhi uyixazulule esikhathini esizayo. Lo mkhuba usiza ekugwemeni amaphutha futhi unikeza umhlahlandlela wokulungisa esikhathini esizayo.

Gcina indawo yokusebenza ihlanzekile. Izandla ezihlanzekile zivimbela ukungcola kwezinhlayiya. Phatha zonke izingxenye, ikakhulukazi ubuso bokuvala, ngokucophelela okukhulu. Gwema ukuphoqelela izingxenye ndawonye. Ubuso bokuvala bubucayi futhi kuyabiza ukubushintsha. Uma ingxenye iwela, cela umthengisi ukuthi ayihlole. Ungafaki ubuso bokuvala noma izingxenye ezonakele.

Ukuphathwa kahle kwama-O-rings nakho kubalulekile. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukhetha kahle izinto zokwakha ama-O-rings. Hlola imikhawulo yokushisa kwawo kanye nokuhambisana kwamakhemikhali. Sebenzisa i-lubricant enikeziwe kuphela. Vimbela umonakalo we-O-ring ngokuhlanza izindawo ezivalekile. Mboza izithiyo nge-tape noma nge-plastic wrap. Qinisekisa ukuthi ama-O-rings abekwe kahle emifantwini noma emabhodweni angaphandle. I-silicone grease ingazibamba endaweni yazo uma kudingeka. Qinisekisa ukuthi indawo efanelekile iqediwe (Ama-rm angu-45 e-static, ama-rm angu-32 e-dynamic, ama-rm angu-16ukuze kushukume kakhulu i-axial). Ubuso kumele bungabi namaphutha. Thambisa ama-O-rings e-Teflon aqinile noma afakwe i-Teflon emanzini ashisayo. Wagcobe kahle ngaphambi kokufakwa. Phatha izivalo zesibili ze-graphite ezibuthakathaka ngokucophelela. Qinisekisa ukuthi umthwalo uyafana nge-torque wrench kanye ne-dial indicator. Lokhu kugcina usayizi kanye nokulingana. Ukuthatha ijubane elikhululekile ngesikhathi sokufakwa kusiza ukugwema amaphutha. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuhlala isikhathi eside kanye nokuthembeka kwezivalo ze-Mechanical.

Ukugcotshwa Okubi Nokusebenza Komile Ezimpahleni Zemishini

Ukugcotshwa okungekuhle kanye nokusebenza okomile kuyimbangela ebalulekile yokungafiki kwesikhathiukwehluleka kophawu lomshiniLezi zimo zenzeka lapho ubuso besivalo bungenawo uketshezi oludingekayo ukuze kusebenze kahle, okuholela ekushiseni okukhulu nasekugugeni.

Ifilimu Enganele Yoketshezi

A kukhona ifilimu elincane elifana ne-wafer loketshezi phakathi kobuso besivalo esijikelezayo nesimilengesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile. Le filimu igcoba ubuso bokuvala. Ivimbela ukuguguleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokwehluleka kwemishini. Izimbobo zomshini zithembele kule filimu encane yokugcoba yoketshezi lwenqubo ukuze isebenze kahle futhi ichithe ukushisa. Uketshezi olungenawo amanzi noma ukusebenza okomile kubangela ukuthi le filimu yokugcoba iphele. Lokhu kuholela ekushiseni okukhulu ngokushesha nangokubi kobuso besimbobo. Ukushaqeka kokushisa okuvela ekushiseni ngokweqile kungabangela ukuqhekeka, ukuqhakaza, kanye nokuguguleka okusheshayo. Izinkinga ezifana nemigqa yokumunca evinjiwe noma ukungena komoya kungenza lezi zimo zibe zimbi kakhulu.Ngaphezu kwama-70% okwehluleka kophawu lwemishinizixhunyaniswe nokusebenza okomile, ukufakwa okungafanele, noma ukungahleleki kahle. Amazinga okushisa obuso angaphezu kuka-80 °C angonakalisa ifilimu yokugcoba ngemizuzwana. Izivalo zemishini zidinga ifilimu yamanzi phakathi kwezindawo zazo zokuhlangana ukuze zigcotshwe ngesikhathi sokupompa. Uma lokhu kugcotshwa kungekho, ubuso bezivalo buzoba nenyongo. Lokhu kuholela ekubhujisweni kwesivalo kanye nokuvuza okuvela endaweni yomgodi.Ikhanda Lokudonsa Eline-Net Positive (NPSH) Elinganelekungabangela ukugoba kwesikhumba. Amabhamuza omhwamuko ayaqhuma ngaphakathi kwe-impeller ngesikhathi sokugoba kwesikhumba. Lokhu kugoba kungenzeka phakathi kobuso bokuvala. Lokhu kudala isimo sokusebenza esomile ngaphakathi kwesivalo.

Ukulahlekelwa Ukucindezeleka Kwesistimu

Ukulahlekelwa yingcindezi yesistimu kuthinta ngqo ubuqotho befilimu yoketshezi lokuthambisa. Lapho ingcindezi yesistimu yehla ngaphansi kwengcindezi yomswakama woketshezi, ifilimu yoketshezi phakathi kobuso bophawu ingaphenduka umhwamuko. Lokhu kuhwamuka okungazelelwe kususa ukuthambisa okubalulekile. Ubuso bophawu bese bukhuhlana ngaphandle kokuvikelwa. Lokhu kudala ukungqubuzana okukhulu nokushisa. Izimo ezinjalo ziholela ngokushesha ekuqhekekeni kokushisa kanye nokuguguleka okusheshayo kwezinto zophawu. Ukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo kwengcindezi kuvimbela noketshezi oluphumayo ukuthi lungafiki ekamelweni lophawu ngempumelelo. Lokhu kushiya uphawu lusengozini yokusebenza okomile kanye nokushisa ngokweqile.

Izinhlelo Zokuhlanza Ezinganele

Izinhlelo zokuhlanza ezinganele zinegalelo elikhulu ekugcotshweni okungekuhle kanye nokusebenza okomile. Izinhlelo zokuhlanza ezifanele ziqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa okuqhubekayo koketshezi oluhlanzekile nolupholile ebusweni besivalo. Lokhu kugcina ifilimu yokugcoba futhi kuqede ukushisa.

Izinhlelo Zokuhluza ze-API 682

• Uhlelo 11: Iphinda ijikeleze uketshezi oluphuma ekukhishweni kwepompo ludlule embotsheni iye esivalweni esisodwa somshini. Lokhu kusebenza ezinhlotsheni eziningi ezijwayelekile ngoketshezi olungenawo ama-polymer.
• Uhlelo 12: Kufana noHlelo 11, kodwa kufaka phakathi isihlungi sokususa izinhlayiya eziqinile oketshezini olungcolile.
• Uhlelo 32: Iletha uketshezi oluhlanzekile oluvela emthonjeni wangaphandle luye esivalweni esisodwa. Lolu hlelo luwusizo uma uketshezi lwenqubo lungafaneleki ukuhlanzwa.
• Uhlelo 52: Iletha uketshezi oluhlanzekile oluvikelayo oluvela endaweni yokugcina amanzi luye ebusweni besivalo sangaphandle ngendlela yokubopha okubili. Lokhu kuvimbela ukungcoliswa koketshezi olusebenzisa uketshezi oluvimbelayo.
• Uhlelo 53A, 53B, 53C: Hambisa uketshezi oluvimbekile oluhlanzekile, olucindezelwe ebusweni obuphindwe kabili obuvela endaweni yokugcina amanzi, i-bladder accumulator, noma i-piston accumulator. Lezi zinhlelo zenzelwe uketshezi olungcolile, oluhudulayo, noma olupholisha i-polymer.
• Uhlelo 54: Iletha uketshezi oluvimbekile oluhlanzekile, olucindezelwe oluvela emthonjeni wangaphandle luye ebusweni obuphindwe kabili. Lolu hlelo lungolweziketshezi zenqubo ezishisayo noma ezingcolile.
• Uhlelo 55: Iletha uketshezi oluhlanzekile, olungacindezelwanga oluvela emthonjeni wangaphandle luye ebusweni obuphindwe kabili. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuqina koketshezi lwenqubo noma kunikeza ukususwa okwengeziwe kokushisa.
• Uhlelo 62: Iletha i-quench engacindezelwanga kusuka emthonjeni wangaphandle iye ohlangothini olusemoyeni lwesivalo esisodwa. Lokhu kuvimbela ukugoba kanye nokugqwala.

Ukukhetha uhlelo lokuhlanzwa olungalungile noma ukwehluleka ukulusebenzisa ngendlela efanele kuholela ekwehlulekeni kokuvala. Isibonelo, “Akukho ukushaqeka"Ipulani" lifaneleka kuphela uma uketshezi olupompelwe luhlanzekile, ngaphakathi kwemingcele yokushisa, futhi lungathambekeli ekuhwamukeni. I-"Bypass Flush" ihambisa uketshezi oluvela ekukhishweni kwepompo ukuze luthwale ukushisa. Kodwa-ke, akulungile uma kukhona izinto eziqinile. I-"External Flush" ihlukanisa uphawu noketshezi olupompelwe kodwa iletha izingozi zokuxuba. Izinhlelo zokuhlanza ohlangothini lwenqubo ziphatha uketshezi lwenqubo ngaphambi kokuhlanza. Izinhlelo zokuhlanza uphawu ezimbili noma eziphakathi ziletha i-buffer noma uketshezi oluvimbelayo. Izinhlelo zokuhlanza ohlangothini lwemoya ziletha i-quench engacindezelwanga ebusweni bophawu oluvezwe emoyeni. Uhlelo ngalunye lubhekana nezinselele ezithile zokusebenza. Ukukhetha noma ukugcinwa okungalungile kwalezi zinhlelo kuphazamisa ukugcotshwa. Lokhu kuphumela ekulimaleni kokusebenza okomile kanye nokonakala kophawu.

Ukuvimbela Ukwehluleka Kwesivalo Semishini Okuhlobene Nokugcoba

Ukuvimbela ukwehluleka okuhlobene nokuthambisa ku-Mechanical Seals kudinga indlela yokuthatha isinyathelo. Abasebenzi kumele baqinisekise ukuthi kukhona ifilimu yoketshezi ehambisanayo neyanele phakathi kobuso be-seal. Lokhu kuvimbela ukusebenza okomile nokuguguleka ngokweqile. Ukwakheka kwesistimu efanele kanye nokuqapha okuqaphile kubalulekile ukuze i-seal ihlale isikhathi eside.

Okokuqala, khetha uhlelo lokuhlanza olufanele lwe-API 682 lohlelo lokusebenza oluthile. Lokhu kukhetha kuncike ezicini zoketshezi lwenqubo, izinga lokushisa, kanye nengcindezi. Uhlelo lokuhlanza olukhethwe kahle luqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa okuqhubekayo koketshezi oluhlanzekile, olupholile ebusweni besivalo. Lokhu kugcina ukugcoba futhi kuchitha ukushisa ngempumelelo. Hlola njalo futhi ulondoloze imigqa yokuhlanza, izihlungi, kanye nezimbobo. Ukuvaleka noma umonakalo kulezi zingxenye kungaphazamisa ukugeleza kokuhlanza, okuholela ekugcotshweni okunganele.

Okwesibili, gcina ingcindezi yesistimu izinzile. Ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi kungabangela ukuthi ifilimu yokugcoba ishise, okuholela ekusebenzeni okomile. Abasebenzi kufanele baqaphe ingcindezi yesistimu njalo. Kumelwe babhekane nanoma yikuphi ukwehla okungaphansi kwengcindezi yomswakama ngokushesha. Ukuqinisekisa i-Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) eyanele yamaphampu kuvimbela ukuvuvukala. Ukuvuvukala kudala amabhamuza omswakama angawa phakathi kobuso besivalo, okulingisa izimo zokusebenza okomile.

Okwesithathu, sebenzisa izinhlelo zokuqapha eziqinile. Izinzwa zokushisa ekamelweni lokuvala zingabona ukushisa kakhulu kusenesikhathi. Amageyiji okucindezela ahlinzeka ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela mayelana nokulethwa koketshezi oluphumayo. Lawa mathuluzi avumela ukungenelela okusheshayo ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo omkhulu. Ukuze uthole amalungiselelo okuvala amabili, gcina isithiyo noma uketshezi oluvalayo lucindezelekile futhi lushise ngendlela efanele. Hlola njalo izinga loketshezi kanye nekhwalithi yalo ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi. Uketshezi oluvimbelayo olungcolisiwe noma oluwohlokile lunikeza ukuthambisa okungekuhle kanye nokudluliselwa kokushisa.

Okokugcina, qeqesha abasebenzi kahle ngezinqubo zokusebenza ezifanele kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga. Kumelwe baqonde indima ebalulekile yokugcoba ekusebenzeni kwe-seal. Lolu lwazi lubasiza ukuthi babone futhi babhekane nezinkinga ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokuba zikhule zibe ukwehluleka kwe-seal. Ukunamathela kule mikhuba kwandisa kakhulu impilo ye-Mechanical Seals futhi kuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kokusebenza.

Ukungcola Okubi Okuthinta Izisimbozo Zemishini

Ukungcola okunolaka kubeka usongo olukhulu ekuqineni kwesivalo semishini. Izinhlayiya zangaphandle oketshezini lwenqubo zingalimaza kakhulu ubuso besivalo nezinye izingxenye. Lokhu kuholela ekugugeni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokwehluleka kokuvala ekugcineni.

Ukungena kwezinhlayiya

Ukungena kwezinhlayiya kwenzeka lapho izinhlayiya eziqinile zingena endaweni yokuvala.Ukwakheka komkhiqizo ebusweni besivalo somshinikuyinkinga ebalulekile. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kumaphampu ahlanzekile lapho izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, kanye nokuguquguquka kwejubane kubangela ukuchitheka kwenhlabathi eduze kwezikhala zokuvala. Uketshezi oluqina ngokushesha futhi lukhule ebusweni be-seal luvame ukubangela le nkinga. Njengoba la ma-deposit eqoqana, igebe lokuvala liyakhula, okubangela ukuvuza okubi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Izinhlayiya ezivuthayongaphakathi kwalokhu kwakheka kwesakhiwo kulimaza nobuso besivalo. Izivalo zemishini zithinteka kabi yi-izinhlayiya eziqinile njengesihlabathi noma i-siltLokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma uphawu lungadalelwanga izinto ezinjalo zokubhula. Lezi zinhlayiya zakha imifantu ebusweni bophawu oluthambile, okuholela ekuconseni nasekuvuzeni kwenqubo.Izinto ezivamile ezingcolisayo zezinhlayiya zifaka phakathi:

• I-Lint
• Ama-burrs omshini
• Ukugqwala
• Isihlabathi
• Izicucu zensimbi
• Ukuhlanza imicu yezindwangu
• Ama-spray e-Weld
• Ukungcola
• Udaka
• Amanzi
• Uthuli
• Amafutha

Izicelo ze-Slurry

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-slurry kunezinselele eziyingqayizivele zezimpawu zomshini. I-slurry ivame ukuqukethe izinhlayiya ezihuquzelayo. Lezi zinhlayiya zibangela ukuguguleka okukhulu ezindaweni zokuvala. Lokhu kuholela ekugugulekeni okusheshayo kanye nokulahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle kokuvala. Ukunyakaza kwe-slurry ngesivinini esikhulu okunezinhlayiya eziqinile noma ezibukhali kubangela umonakalo omkhulu ezingxenyeni zokuvala. Amandla ezingxenye zomshafti ojikayo kanye nezivikelo ashukumisa i-slurry ngesivinini esiphezulu. Imiklamo yezivikelo kanye negumbi kumele inciphise le vortex ejikelezayo. I-pH yoketshezi lwenqubo nayo ithinta ukuqina kwezivikelo. I-slurry ene-acidic yenza izinhlayiya zibe yingozi kakhulu ezimvilongweni. Lokhu kudinga imiklamo ethile yesivikelo ukuze imelane nezimo ezigqwalisayo. Izinhlayiya ezivela ezinhlayiyeni eziqinile zifakwa kuma-elastomer e-O-ring yesivikelo sesibili. Lokhu kubangela ukuqhekeka nokuvuza. Ukucindezela nokudlidliza kubangela ukunyakaza okuncane. Lokhu kwenza izinhlayiya zisebenze njengesaha ngokumelene nomshafti.Izimpawu zesibili ezingacindezeli, njengezinsimbi ezixhunywe endandatho eyinhloko, zinikeza okunye okuqinile kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-slurry erhabaxa.

Ukuhlunga Okungasebenzi Kahle

Ukuhlunga okungasebenzi kahlekunegalelo ngqo ekungcoleni okunamandla. Kuvumela ukwanda kokungcola noma izinhlayiya zibe uketshezi lwenqubo. Lokhu kungcola kungene ebusweni besivalo. Lokhu kubangela ukuguguleka okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ngokubhanqa izinto zobuso besivalo esiqinile/esithambile. Lokhu ekugcineni kuholela ekuvuzeni kanyeisikhathi sokuphila se-mechanical seal esifushane. Ukungcola, ngokuvamile okuvela ezinhlelweni zokuhlunga ezinganele, inselele izivalo ze-cartridge mechanical. Lapho izinhlayiya noma imfucumfucu ingena ekamelweni lesivalo, kuphumela ekugugeni okusheshayo kanye nokwehluleka kokuvala ekugcineni. Ukubhekana nezimbangela eziyinhloko zokungcola, njengokuhlanza okunganele noma izinhlelo zamapayipi ezigugile, kubalulekile ekwandiseni impilo yesivalo.

Ukuvimbela Ukwehluleka Kwezisimbozo Zemishini Okuhlobene Nokungcola

Ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwezivalo zemishini okuhlobene nokungcola kudinga indlela enezici eziningi. Abasebenzi kumele basebenzise amasu aqinile okuvikela izivalo ezinhlayiyeni ezihuquzelayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa.

Ukuguqulwa okuningana komklamo kanye nohlelo kuvimbela ngempumelelo ukungcola.

• Sebenzisa ubuso besivalo obuklanyelwe ukuqina okukhulu ezingcoleni noma ezingcolisiwe. Lezi zinto ezikhethekile zimelana nokuguguleka okuvela ezinhlayiyeni ezihudulayo.
• Faka izihlungi noma izihlukanisi zesiphepho ukuze ususe izinhlayiya kuketshezi lwenqubo.Izinhlelo ze-API 12, 22, 31, kanye no-41Zibhekana ngqo nalesi sidingo. Ziphambukisa uketshezi olungcolile lusuke ebusweni besivalo.
• Khulisa ingcindezi yoketshezi oluvimbelayo ukuze uvimbele izinhlayiya ukuthi zingangeni ebusweni besivalo esingaphakathi. Izinhlelo ze-API 53 (A, B, kanye no-C), 54, kanye no-74 zisebenzisa lesi simiso ekuhleleni isivalo esikabili. Ingcindezi ephezulu yesivalo idala isivikelo esivikelayo.

Ukuqapha nokulungisa okuqhubekayo nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile.

• Hlola njalo ikhwalithi nesimo soketsheziukuthola imithombo yokungcola okungenzeka. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuvumela ukungenelela ngesikhathi esifanele.
• Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokuhlunga ezisebenzayo ukuze ugcine ukuhlanzeka koketshezi. Ukuhlunga okufanele kususa izinto eziqinile ezilengayo ngaphambi kokuba zifike ekamelweni lokuvala.
• Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokuhlaziya uketshezi kanye namasu okuqapha isimo. Lawa mathuluzi ahlinzeka ngemininingwane ngempilo yoketshezi kanye nezinsongo ezingaba khona zokuhlukumeza.

Ngokuhlanganisaumklamo ofanele wesivalo, ukuhlunga okuphumelelayo, kanye nokuqapha ngokucophelela, izinkampani zinciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokwehluleka kophawu olubangelwa ukungcola. Lesi simo sokuthatha isinyathelo sandisa impilo yophawu futhi sigcina ukusebenza kahle.

Ukungahambisani Kwamakhemikhali Nezimpawu Zomshini

Ukungahambisani kwamakhemikhali kubeka usongo olukhulu esikhathini eside sokugcinwa kwe-seal. Lapho izinto zokugcinwa kwe-seal zisabela kabi ngoketshezi lwenqubo, kuholela ekuwohlokeni okusheshayo kanye nokwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukuqonda lokhu kusebenzisana kubalulekile ekukhetheni i-seal efanele.

Ukuwohloka Kwezinto Zesivalo

Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali kubangela izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuwohloka kwezinto zesivalo.Ukugqwalakuyimbangela eyinhloko yokwehluleka kokuvala ngaphambi kwesikhathi ezindaweni zamakhemikhali ezinzima. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukugoba, okuwumonakalo wendawo ovame kakhulu ezimweni ezicebile nge-chloride noma ezine-asidi. Ukuqhekeka kokugqwala kokucindezeleka kwenzeka lapho ukucindezeleka kokucindezelwa kanye nomoya ogqwalayo kuhlangana ndawonye. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-galvanic kuba yinkinga lapho izinsimbi ezingafani zithintana lapho kukhona i-electrolyte. Ukugqwala okufanayo kuhilela ukuchayeka kwayo yonke indawo kumakhemikhali asabelayo, okubangela ukuncipha kancane kancane.

Ama-elastomer nawo ahlushwa yi-ukuwohloka kwamakhemikhali. Ukuvuvukala kwenzeka lapho ama-elastomer ehlangana noketshezi lwenqubo, okuholela ekwandeni kwevolumu. Amakhemikhali angakhipha ama-plasticizer ku-elastomer, ashintshe izakhiwo zawo. Isakhiwo se-polymer singadlula ekuqhekekeni kwamakhemikhali kwamaketanga e-polymer. I-oxidation inqubo evamile yokuwohloka ehilela ukusabela nomoya-mpilo. Ukuxhumanisa kuhilela izinguquko zamakhemikhali esakhiweni se-elastomer ezingaholela ekuqineni. Ukuqhekeka kweketanga, ukuqhekeka kwamaketanga e-polymer, kunegalelo ekulahlekelweni kokunwebeka nokuqhekeka. Izigaba zakamuva zokuguga kwe-hydrocarbon zivame ukuboniswaukuqhekeka kweketanga, okuholela ezinguqukweni ezibalulekile esakhiweni samakhemikhali. Ukuwohloka kwe-molecular chain kanye nokulahlekelwa yizinto eziqinisayo nakho kunegalelo ezinguqukweni zomzimba. Ukusebenzisana ne-H₂S kuyisici esiyinhloko sokwehla kwezakhiwo zemishini kanye nokwehluleka kwe-FM kanye ne-HNBR ngaphansi kwezimo ze-H₂S eziphakeme kakhulu. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-microscopic kuvame ukuveza ukwakheka kwamaphutha angaphakathi anezimbobo, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokuqina kanye nokuqhekeka okuqhekekayo.

Ukuhlaselwa Kwamakhemikhali Oketshezi

Uketshezi lwenqubo lungahlasela ngqo izinto zokuvala, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwazo. Lokhu kuhlasela kwamakhemikhali kwenza buthaka ubuqotho besakhiwo sokuvala. Kubeka engcupheni ikhono laso lokugcina uphawu oluthembekile. Amakhemikhali anolaka angancibilikisa, agugule, noma ashintshe ubuso bokuvala kanye nezimpawu zesibili ngamakhemikhali. Lokhu kuholela ekuvuza kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza esingasebenzi.

Ukukhetha Okungalungile Kwezinto

Ukukhetha izinto ezingalungile kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokungahambisani kwamakhemikhali. Ukukhetha izinto ezingakwazi ukumelana nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali zoketshezi lwenqubo kuqinisekisa ukwehluleka kokuvala kusenesikhathi.Ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela izici eziningana.

• Uhlobo Loketshezi: Amakhemikhali agqwalisayo adinga ama-alloy nama-elastomer amelana nokugqwala. Ama-slurries agqwalisayo adinga ubuso obuqinile bokuvala njenge-silicon carbide. Ama-viscous fluid adinga imiklamo elawula ukungqubuzana nokushisa.
• Ingcindezi Yokusebenza kanye Nezinga Lokushisa: Izinhlelo zokucindezela okuphezulu zidinga imiklamo yokuvala elinganiselayo. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu adinga izinto ezimelana nokuguquguquka.
• Ukuthobela Imithetho Yemboni: Izicelo zemithi neze-biotech kumele zihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuhlanzeka nokungenazo ukungcola. Izicelo zokudla neziphuzo zigunyaza izinto ezivunyelwe yi-FDA.

Uma usebenzisa i-HVAC ejwayelekile ngamanzi noma uketshezi olusekelwe ku-glycol ngaphansi kwama-225°F, 'izivalo ze-carbon-ceramiczivamile. Lezi zivalo, ngokuvamile ezinezinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali, ama-elastomer e-BUNA, ubuso obungaguquki be-aluminium oxide ceramic obungu-99.5%, kanye nobuso obujikelezayo be-carbon, zisebenza kahle ngamazinga e-pH asukela ku-7.0-9.0. Zingaphatha izinto eziqinile ezincibilikisiwe ezifika ku-400 ppm kanye nezinto eziqinile ezingancibilikisiwe ezingama-20 ppm. Kodwa-ke, ezinhlelweni ezinamazinga aphezulu e-pH (ububanzi be-9.0-11.0), incazelo yezinto kufanele ishintshe ibe yi-EPR/Carbon/Tungsten Carbide (TC) noma i-EPR/Silicon Carbide (SiC)/Silicon Carbide (SiC). Lokhu kokugcina kunconywa i-pH efika ku-12.5. Ngamazinga aphezulu ezinto eziqinile, ikakhulukazi nge-silica, uphawu lwe-EPR/SiC/SiC nalo luyadingeka. Izivalo ze-Buna/Carbon/Ceramic ezijwayelekile azikwazi ukuphatha i-silica futhi zinamandla okuphatha izinto eziqinile aphansi. Ngenkathi i-EPR/SiC/SiC inikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu, iza ngezindleko eziphakeme kanye nesikhathi eside sokuhola uma kuqhathaniswa nezivalo ze-carbon-ceramic ezijwayelekile.

Ukuqinisekisa ukukhetha okufanele kwezinto, landela lezi zinyathelo:

1. Khomba amapharamitha okusebenzaLokhu kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, isivinini, kanye nemidiya (uketshezi, amagesi, noma izinto eziqinile) uphawu oluzovezwa kulo. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekukhetheni izinto zophawu olufanele kanye nomklamo.
2. Qonda izidingo zokuvala: Nquma ukuthi isivalo sidinga ukuvimbela ukuvuza koketshezi, uthuli, noma ukungcola. Futhi, cabanga ukuthi sidinga ukujikeleza ngesivinini esikhulu noma ikhono lokumelana nokwehluka kokucindezela okuphezulu.
3. Cabanga ngokuhambisana kwezinto ezibonakalayo: Izinto zokuvala kumele zihambisane nezinto ezithintana nazo. Cabangela ukumelana namakhemikhali, ukubekezelela izinga lokushisa, kanye nezakhiwo zokuguguleka.
4. Hlola izici zemveloIzinto ezinjengomswakama, ukuchayeka ku-UV, kanye ne-ozone kungathinta ukusebenza kwesivalo kanye nokuphila kwesikhathi. Izinto ezikhethiwe kanye nomklamo kumele kumelane nalezi zimo.

Ukuvimbela Ukungahambisani Kwamakhemikhali Ezimpawini Zemishini

Ukuvimbela ukungahambisani kwamakhemikhali ezivalweni zemishini kudinga ukuhlela nokusetshenziswa ngokucophelela. Onjiniyela kumele bakhethe izinto ezimelana nezakhiwo ezithile zamakhemikhali zoketshezi lwenqubo. Le ndlela yokuqapha iqinisekisa ukuhlala isikhathi eside kwesivalwe kanye nokuthembeka kokusebenza.

Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele zokuvala uphawukubalulekile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinto ezithile ze-O-ring noma i-Silicon Carbide Seal Faces. Lezi zinketho zivimbela ukuguguleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokwehluleka okubi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngemidiya enamandla. Isibonelo, i-Direct Sintered Silicon Carbide inikeza ukumelana okuphezulu kumakhemikhali amaningi. Ifanela cishe noma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwe-mechanical seal, kufaka phakathi okugqwala kakhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-Reaction Bonded Silicon Carbide inemikhawulo. Ayifaneleki kuma-acid aqinile noma izisekelo ezine-pH engaphansi kuka-4 noma ngaphezulu kuka-11. Lokhu kungenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo kwensimbi ye-silicon yamahhala okungu-8-12%. Ngezinsizakalo ezigqwala kakhulu, imiklamo ye-seal engenazo izingxenye zensimbi ezimanzi inhle kakhulu. Igwema ukugqwala kwensimbi ngokuphelele. Amabanga e-carbon akhethekile angamelana namakhemikhali kanye ne-Alpha-Sintered Silicon Carbide asebenza kahle ekusetshenzisweni kwe-hydrofluoric (HF) acid. Ama-Perfluoroelastomers nawo anconywa ezintweni zokuvala zesibili ku-HF acid. Izinsimbi ze-alloy ephezulu, njenge-Monel® Alloy 400, zinikeza ukumelana okuphezulu kokugqwala kwezingxenye zensimbi kulezi zindawo ezinzima.

Ukuhlola ngokucophelela izakhiwo ezibalulekile zamakhemikhali nakho kubalulekile. Onjiniyela kumele baqonde izinga lokushisa lokusebenza, izinga le-pH, ingcindezi yesistimu, kanye nokuhlushwa kwamakhemikhali. Izinto zokuvala zingase zisebenze kahle ngesisombululo samakhemikhali esixutshwe kahle. Kodwa-ke, zingase zehluleke ngenguqulo egxile kakhulu.

Ukubonisana nabakhiqizi bezisimbozo zemishini ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokuklama kunikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu. Le ndlela yokubhekana nesimo esiphuthumayo isiza ukulindela amaphuzu okwehluleka. Iholela emiklamo eqinile futhi ikhuthaza ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko ngokunciphisa izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila. Abakhiqizi banganikeza nezixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zezinselelo zamakhemikhali ezihlukile.

Okokugcina, ukuhlola okuqinile kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Sebenzisa izinqubo zokuhlola zelebhu kanye nensimu. Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile, njenge-ASTM D471, kuhilela ukucwilisa amasampula ku-oyili yokuhlola ekushiseni okuphezulu kokusebenza. Kulinganisa izinguquko ngobukhulu, isisindo, kanye nobunzima. Kukhona nezinye izindlela zokuhlola insimu ezilula. Lezi zinyathelo ziqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zokuvala ezikhethiwe zisebenza ngokwethembeka ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza zangempela.

Ukungalungi kahle kwe-Shaft kanye nokudlidliza ezimpawini zemishini

Ukungalungi kahle kweshafti kanye nokudlidliza ngokweqile kunegalelo elikhulu ekwehlulekeni kwe-mechanical seal. Lezi zinkinga ziletha ukucindezeleka okuguquguqukayo okungenakumelana ne-seal, okuholela ekugugeni nasekuvuzeni kusenesikhathi. Ukubhekana nalokhu kungalingani kwe-mechanical kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-seal okuthembekile.

Ukugijima Okukhulu Komgodi

Ukugeleza komshaft ngokweqile kudala ukunyakaza okuguquguqukayo ebusweni besivalo. Lokhu kunyakaza kuvimbela ukwakheka kwefilimu yokugcoba ezinzile. Kubangela nokuguguleka okungalingani ebusweni besivalo. Izindinganiso zemboni zichaza imikhawulo eyamukelekayo yokugeleza komshaft ukuvimbela lezi zinkinga.

Ngemishini yezimboni, i-ISO 1101 ichaza ukubekezelela okuphezulu kokugijima. I-American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ngokuvamile incoma ukuthi ukugijima akufanele kudlule amaphesenti amahlanu egebe lomoya elijwayelekile noma0.003 amayintshi, noma yiliphi inani elincane.

Izinkinga Zokugqokwa Kwebhere

Amabheringi agugileKuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kwesivalo somshini. Kuholela ekunyakazeni komgodi, okudala ukudlidliza okubhubhisayo. Lokhu kudlidliza kuvimbela ukwakheka kwefilimu ebalulekile yokugcoba phakathi kwemibhangqwana yokungqubuzana kwesivalo somshini. Le filimu ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwesivalo. Ukuntuleka kokugcotshwa kanye nokudlidliza okwandisiwe kubangela ukungalungi kahle kanye nokuvuza koketshezi okweqile. Lokhu ekugcineni kuholela ekwehlulekeni kwesivalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zokusebenza ezomile zingalimaza ama-bearings, zikhulise izinkinga zokudlidliza futhi zibe nomthelela ekugugeni kwesivalo ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ukubonakaliswa Kwesistimu

Ukuqina kwesistimu kwenzeka lapho imvamisa yokusebenza ifana nemvamisa yemvelo yesistimu yepompo noma izingxenye zayo. Lokhu kwandisa ukudlidliza, kucindezele kakhulu izivalo zemishini. Onjiniyela bangakwazi ukubona ukuqina kwesistimu ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene zokuxilonga:

• Ukuhlolwa kokudlidliza kwephampu, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwe-“TAP™” ye-impact modal kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-Operating Deflection Shape (ODS).
• Ukuhlaziya ama-plot omsebenzi wempendulo yemvamisa yomthelela we-Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), lapho 'iziqongo zezintaba' zibonisa amaza emvelo.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwe-Finite Element (FEA) kuhlola izimo zokufakwa 'kuthiwani uma' kanye nezixazululo ezisebenzayo. Isibonelo, i-FEA ibonise ukuthi ukwesekwa okunganele kwamapayipi kwakubangela umsindo. Ukwengeza ukwesekwa kwe-pier yekhonkrithi nge-clamp eqinile eduze kwe-flange yephayiphi kwaxazulula inkinga.Ukuhlolwa komthelela wokuhlaziywa kwe-modal kokuhlolwa kwe-TAP™ (Isikhathi Esilinganiselwe Sokushaya Kwenhliziyo)ikhomba amaza emvelo esakhiwo noma e-rotor ngenkathi umshini usebenza. Ibhekana nezimo zomngcele njengokuxhumana kwe-impeller annular seal kanye nokuqina okuguquguqukayo kwebhere. Le ndlela ikhomba izinkinga ngaphandle kokudinga isikhathi sokuphumula. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukuzwakala,gwema ukusebenzisa ipompo eduze kwesivinini sayo esibucayi, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa ama-variable frequency drive. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuzwakala kwemvelo kohlelo lwephampu noma izingxenye.

Ukuvimbela Ukungalungi Nokudlidliza Ezimpawini Zemishini

Ukuvimbela ukungalungi kahle nokudlidliza kwezivalo zemishini kudinga indlela ebanzi. Onjiniyela kumele babhekane nezimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu kungalingani kwemishini. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile kwesivalo futhi kwandise isikhathi sokuphila kwemishini.

Izindlela eziningana ezibalulekile zivimbela ngempumelelo ukungalungi nokudlidliza.Ukulungiswa okufanele kweshaftkubalulekile. Ukungalungi kahle kwe-drive shaft, i-coupling, noma i-impeller shaft kuvame ukubangela ukwehluleka kwe-seal. Lezi zinkinga ziholela ekudlidlizeni okungabonakali okugcina kudala izinkinga. Ngakho-ke, ukuhambisana kahle ngesikhathi sokufakwa kubalulekile. Ukugcinwa njalo kwama-bearing nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile. Ukwehluleka kwama-bearing, okuvame ukubangelwa ukugcotshwa okunganele, ukushisa ngokweqile, ukuguguleka, ukugqwala, noma ukungcola, kungabangela ukudlidliza kwe-shaft. Ukugcinwa njalo nokuqapha ukudlidliza kukhomba lezi zinkinga kusenesikhathi. Izisekelo eziqinile zibaluleke ngokulinganayo. Izisekelo zephampu ne-drive ezinganele zikhulisa ukudlidliza. Amaphampu nama-drive motor kumele aqiniswe ngokuqinile. Izisekelo kufanele zimunce ukudlidliza. Ukuhlola ama-anchor bolts nokucabangela amapuleti e-anchor amakhulu noma ukushintsha ama-motor mounts agugile kungalungisa izinkinga zesisekelo.

Ukukhetha impeller efanele nakho kunegalelo ekuvimbeleni. Ukuwohloka kwempeller ngenxa yokugxila kwezinhlayiya eziphezulu noma ama-slurries kuholela ekungalinganini kwe-hydraulic kanye nokudlidliza komgodi. Ukukhetha ama-impeller alinganiswe kahle kunelawo ahlanganisiwe kwandisa impilo ye-impeller kanye nobuqotho bokutywinwa komshini. Ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwe-Best Efficiency Point (BEP) kungenye into ebalulekile. Ukusebenzisa ipompo ngaphandle kwe-BEP yayo kubangela ukudlidliza. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yezimo zenqubo ezishintshile noma ukusebenzisa ipompo ku-RPM ephezulu. Ukunciphisa isivinini sepompo kungaba ikhambi elilula.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside,landela iziqondiso zomkhiqizi ngokuqinile. Lezi ziqondiso zichaza izikhawu zokulungisa kanye nemingcele yokusebenza kwemodeli ngayinye yesivalo semishini. Hlola njalo isivalo semishini ukuze ubone ukuthi asigugi, sonakele, noma siyavuza. Ukudlidliza noma imisindo engavamile kubonisa izinkinga. Qinisekisa ukuthi kugcotshwa ngendlela efanele ukuze unciphise ukungqubuzana futhi uvimbele ukushisa ngokweqile, usebenzisa izigcobo eziphakanyisiwe ngumkhiqizi.Gcina inhlanzekoukuvimbela izinhlayiya zangaphandle ukuthi zingalimazi izindawo ezithambile zesivalo. Sebenzisa i-torque efanayo lapho uqinisa izibambo. Lokhu kugwema ukudala amaphuzu abuthakathaka, ukuguqulwa, noma ukuphuka. Le mikhuba ivikela isivalo somshini ekudlidlizeni okungafanele noma ukungalungi kahle, okwandisa kakhulu isikhathi saso sokuphila.

Izinga Lokushisa Eliphakeme Nokucindezela Ezimpawini Zemishini

Ukushisa okukhulu kanye nokucindezela kuyizinto ezibalulekile ezithinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwesivalo semishini. Lezi zimo zisunduza izinto zesivalo ngale kwemingcele yazo yokuklama. Lokhu kuholela ekuwohlokeni okusheshayo kanye nokwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukuphatha lezi zingcindezi zemvelo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuthembekile.

Ukushisa Okudlulele Kobuso Bezivalo

Ukushisa ngokweqile kobuso besivalo kuyimbangela evamile yokwehluleka kwesivalo somshini. Ukungqubuzana phakathi kobuso obujikelezayo nobunganyakazi kudala ukushisa. Lokhu kushisa kumele kuphele ngempumelelo. Lapho uketshezi lwenqubo noma uketshezi oluphumayo lungakwazi ukususa lokhu kushisa, amazinga okushisa ayakhuphuka. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu angabangela ukuthi ifilimu yoketshezi olugcobayo ishise. Lokhu kuholela ezimweni zokusebenza okomile. Ukushisa ngokweqile nakho konakalisa izinto zobuso besivalo, okubangela ukuqhekeka, ukuqhakaza, kanye nokuguguleka okusheshayo. Izingxenye ze-elastomeric ngaphakathi kwesivalo zingaqina noma zithambe, zilahlekelwe amandla azo okuvala.

Izinsika Zokucindezela Kwesistimu

Ukukhuphuka komfutho wesistimu kubeka ukucindezeleka okukhulu ezivalweni zemishini. Izivalo zenzelwe amazinga athile okucindezela. Ukwanda okukhulu komfutho kungadlula le mingcele. Lokhu kungaphoqa ubuso besivalo ukuthi buhlukane, okubangela ukuvuza okusheshayo. Ukucindezela okuphezulu kungalimaza izingxenye zesivalo noma kukhiphe izivalo zesibili. Lokhu kuphazamisa ubuqotho besivalo. Ukukhuphuka komfutho okuphindaphindiwe kuholela ekuhlulekeni kokukhathala kwezinto zesivalo. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu impilo yokusebenza kwesivalo. Onjiniyela kumele baklame izinhlelo zokuvimbela noma ukunciphisa lokhu kushintshashintsha komfutho.

Ukupholisa Okunganele

Ukupholisa okunganele kunomthelela ngqo ekushiseni ngokweqile kanye nokwehluleka kokuvala. Izivalo zemishini zidinga ukushabalaliswa kokushisa okuphumelelayo ukuze kugcinwe amazinga okushisa afanele okusebenza.Ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokupholisa, njengejakethi zokupholisa noma ama-heat exchanger, ilawula amazinga okushisa ngempumelelo. Lezi zinhlelo zivimbela ukushisa ngokweqile ezivalweni zemishini ezisebenza ezindaweni zokushisa okuphezulu. Zikhipha ukushisa futhi zisize ekugcineni izimo zokusebenza zisebenza kahle.

Izindlela eziningana zinikeza ukupholisa okudingekayo kwezimpawu zomshini:

• Izinhlelo zokupholisa zangaphandle, okuhlanganisa uketshezi lokucima, izimbiza zokuvala, noma amajakethi okupholisa, zivame ukudingeka ezivalweni zomshini ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu.
• Izivalo ezimbili zemishini zingasebenzisa izithiyo noma uketshezi lwe-buffer ukuze zinikeze kokubili ukuthambisa kanye nokupholisa ebusweni besivalo.
• Amasu okuhlanza afanele e-API abalulekile ekuletheni uketshezi oluhlanzekile nolupholile esivalweni. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokushisa ngokweqile.

Amacebo ahlukahlukene e-API anikeza amasu athile okupholisa nokugcoba:

Lezi zindlela zokupholisa ziqinisekisa ukuthi ubuso besivalo buhlala ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yaso yokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuwohloka kokushisa futhi kwandise impilo yesivalo.

Ukuvimbela Ukwehluleka Kwesivalo Semishini Okuhlobene Nokushisa Nokucindezela

Ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwezivalo zomshini okuhlobene nokushisa kanye nokucindezela kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo. Onjiniyela kumele bakhethe futhi basebenzise izivalo ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yabo yokuklama. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside futhi kugwema isikhathi sokungasebenzi esibizayo.

Ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezimo zokusebenzaKubalulekile ngesikhathi sokuklama nokukhethwa kwesivalo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amazinga okushisa, ukucindezela, kanye namazinga okucindezela noma ukwehlisa ukucindezela. Ukwakheka kwemidiya yoketshezi nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile. Ukuhambisana okufanele kwezinto kubalulekile. Lokhu kuvimbela izinkinga ezifana nokuvuvukala, ukuqhakaza, noma ukuncibilika kwezinto zokuvala. Amakhemikhali anolaka noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu angabangela lezi zinkinga. Ukubhekana nokucindezela ngokweqile kubalulekile. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuphuma kanye nomonakalo wemishini ezivalo. Ukugwema ukususwa kwengcindezi okusheshayo nakho kubalulekile. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuncipha kokucindezeleka okuqhumayo. Ukuxhumana nazo zonke izici zemvelo nonjiniyela bokuvala kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle. Kusiza ekulandiseni izimo zokusebenza eziyinselele. Ukubuyekeza njalo izimo zokusebenza nokuhlola amakhono okuvala kuyadingeka lapho kwenzeka izinguquko. Lokhu kuvimbela ukwehluleka futhi kuqinisekisa ukuphepha.

Ukuqapha ukucindezeleka kwesistimu kanye namazinga okushisa kuyindlela ebalulekile yokulungisa njaloLokhu kusiza ukuthola ukuphambuka kusenesikhathi. Umaukukhetha uphawu lomshini, izici eziningana kumele zicatshangelwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, kanye nokuhambisana kwezinto. Ukukhetha isivalo esifanele sohlelo lokusebenza kuvimbela ukwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokupholisa eziqinile, njengejakethi zokupholisa noma ama-heat exchanger, kusiza ukuphatha amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Lezi zinhlelo ziqeda ukushisa ngempumelelo. Zigcina izimo zokusebenza ezifanele zezivikelo zemishini. Amasu okuhlanza afanele aphinde alethe uketshezi olupholile ebusweni besivalo. Lokhu kuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile futhi kugcina ifilimu yokugcoba.

Ukwehluleka kokuvala okwenziwa ngomshini kuvame ukubangelwa ukufakwa okungafanele, ukugcotshwa okungekuhle, ukungcola okuhuzukayo, ukungahambisani kwamakhemikhali, ukungalungi kahle komgodi, ukudlidliza, kanye namazinga okushisa noma ukucindezela okukhulu. Amasu okuvimbela asebenzayo abalulekile ekusebenzeni okuthembekile. Izinkampani kumeleukubeka phambili amaphampu abalulekile, ubuyekeze izinhlelo zokusekela uphawu, futhi uthintane nochwephesheukuze kuthuthukiswe okudingekayo.Ukuhlolwa njalo kanye nokunamathela ezimisweni zokulungisa zomkhiqizizibalulekile.

Izinhlelo zokulungisa eziqinileinikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile zesikhathi eside. Izinsizakalo zokulungisa izisindo zemishini ezingabizi zinganciphisa izindleko ngokunciphisa izindleko60-80%uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthenga izivalo ezintsha. Ukulungiswa okubikezelayo kuvame ukunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe ngo-60-80%, kwandise imijikelezo yokuphila kwezingxenye futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kwezivalo zemishini.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Iyini imbangela evame kakhulu yokwehluleka kophawu lomshini?

Ukufakwa okungalungilekuvame ukubangela ukwehluleka kophawu lomshini. Ukungalungi kahle, ukuhlanganiswa okungalungile kwezingxenye, kanye nomonakalo ngesikhathi sokuphathwa kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila kophawu. Ukulandela iziqondiso zomkhiqizi nokusebenzisa abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe kuvimbela lezi zinkinga.

Ukungahambisani kwamakhemikhali kuthinta kanjani izivalo zemishini?

Ukungahambisani kwamakhemikhali kuholela ekuwohlokeni kwezinto ezivalwe nge-seal. Uketshezi lwenqubo lungahlasela ubuso bezivalo kanye nezivalo zesibili. Lokhu kubangela ukuvuvukala, ukugqwala, noma ukuncibilika. Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele zoketshezi oluthile kuvimbela ukwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.

Kungani uhlelo lokuhlanza olufanele lubalulekile ezivalweni zemishini?

Uhlelo olufanele lokuhlanza luqinisekisa ukugcoba okuqhubekayo nokupholisa ubuso bokuvala. Lugcina ifilimu elincane loketshezi, luvimbela ukugeleza okomile nokushisa ngokweqile. Izinhlelo zokuhlanza ezingalungile ziholela ekugcotshweni okunganele kanye nokuguguleka okusheshayo.

Ingabe ukudlidliza kungalimaza ngempela uphawu lomshini?

Yebo, ukudlidliza kulimaza kakhulu izivalo zomshini. Ukuphuma komgodi ngokweqile, amabheringi agugile, kanye nokuqina kohlelo kudala ukucindezeleka okuguqukayo. Lokhu kucindezeleka kuvimbela ukugcotshwa okufanele futhi kubangele ukuguguleka okungalingani, okuholela ekwehlulekeni kokuvalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Yiziphi izinzuzo zokulungiswa kusengaphambili kwezivalo zemishini?

Ukulungiswa kusengaphambili kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe ngo-60-80%. Kwandisa imijikelezo yokuphila kwezingxenye futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle. Le ndlela ihlonza izinkinga ezingaba khona kusenesikhathi, okuvumela ukungenelela ngesikhathi kanye nokonga izindleko ekulungiseni.