Kungani ukuhambisana koketshezi kubalulekile ezimpahleni zemishini?

Uketshezi olungahambisani lubangela ngokusheshauphawu lomshiniukwehluleka, okuholela ekukhulupheni okukhuluUkuvuza Kwesivalo Semishinikanye nesikhathi esibizayo sokungasebenzi kwesistimu. Ukuhambisana koketshezi kusho ngqo isikhathi sokusebenza kwe-mechanical seal kanye nokuthembeka kwayo. Isibonelo, ukukhetha okulungileIndandatho ye-Oizinto zokwakha zibalulekile. Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele ze-Mechanical Seals, njengokusebenzisaUbuso Bophawu Lwe-Silicon Carbideuma kufaneleka, kuvimbela ukuguguleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokwehluleka okubi kakhulu. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhuluizivalo zemishini ezingamelana namakhemikhali zolakaabezindaba.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Ukuhambisana koketshezi kubaluleke kakhuluizimpawu zomshiniKuvimba izivalo ukuthi zingaqhekeki futhi zivuza.
• Uketshezi olungahambisani lungabangela izinkinga eziningi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi umonakalo wezinto, ukugqwala, kanye nokwehluleka kokuvala kusenesikhathi.
• Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele zokuvala uphawu kubalulekile. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi uphawu lusebenza kahle futhi luhlala isikhathi eside.
• Ukuhlola uketshezi nezinto zokwakha kusiza kakhulu. Kuqinisekisa ukuthi izivalo ziyakwazi ukusingatha umsebenzi ezidinga ukuwenza.
• Ukungazinaki ukuhambisana koketshezi kubiza imali. Kungabangela nezinkinga zokuphepha futhi kulimaze imvelo.

Ukuqonda Ukuhambisana Koketshezi Kwezimpawu Zomshini

Ukuchaza Ukuhambisana Kwamakhemikhali

Ukuhambisana kwamakhemikhali kubhekisela ekhonweni lezinto zokuvala ezisebenza ngomshini lokumelana nokuwohloka lapho zithinta uketshezi oluthile. Lokhu kumelana kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukwehluleka kokuvala. Izakhiwo eziningana ezibalulekile zamakhemikhali zichaza lokhu kuhambisana. Lezi zakhiwo zifaka phakathi izinga lokushisa lokusebenza koketshezi, izinga lalo le-pH, kanye nokucindezela kohlelo. Ukuhlushwa kwamakhemikhali ngaphakathi koketshezi nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile. Isibonelo, izinto zokuvala zingasebenza kahle ngesisombululo samakhemikhali esixutshwe. Kodwa-ke, zingase zehluleke ngokushesha uma zivezwa enguqulweni egxile kakhulu yamakhemikhali afanayo. Onjiniyela kumele bahlole ngokucophelela lezi zici. Lokhu kuhlola kusiza ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwezinto, ukugqwala, noma ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlaselwa kwamakhemikhali okufaka engcupheniubuqotho besivalo.

Izinto Ezicatshangelwayo Ngempahla Ebonakalayo

Ngaphandle kokusabela kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zomzimba zoketshezi zithinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwesivalo somshini. Ukuthamba koketshezi kanye nokudonsa okuthile kuyizinto ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwesivalo. Uketshezi oluphansi kwe-viscosity, njengamanzi ahlanzekile, kungaholela emazingeni aphezulu okuguguleka ebusweni besivalo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba alunikezi ukwesekwa okwanele kwefilimu yoketshezi, ikakhulukazi njengoba izinga lokushisa loketshezi likhuphuka. Lesi simo sivame ukudala izinselele ezinhlelweni ze-Plan 54. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukwengeza ama-glycol, njenge-ethylene glycol noma i-propylene glycol, emanzini kwandisa ukuthamba kwengxube. Lokhu kunikeza ukuthamba okuthuthukisiwe kobuso besivalo, okwandisa impilo yabo yokusebenza. Uketshezi oluphezulu lwe-viscosity barrier, nokho, ludinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlanganisela zobuso eziqinile, njenge-silicon carbide vs i-silicon carbide. Lokhu kuvimbela ukugqabhuka kobuso bekhabhoni, okungenzeka ngezinto ezithambile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uketshezi oluphansi lwe-viscosity njenge-simple alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol) ngokuvamile alufanelekeli ukugcina ifilimu yoketshezi ezinzile. Anezakhiwo zokugcoba ezimbi kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu komphunga. Lokhu kuhlala kuyiqiniso naphezu kwamandla awo okuhlala uketshezi futhi agcine ukuthamba okuphakathi emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Ukucatshangelwa okufanele kwalezi zakhiwo zomzimba kuqinisekisa ukuhlala isikhathi eside nokusebenza okuthembekile kweIzimbonakaliso Zemishini.

Izindlela Zokwehluleka Kwesivalo Semishini Ngenxa Yokungavumelani

Ukuwohloka Kwezinto Ezibonakalayo Nokugqwala

Ukungahambisani kwamakhemikhali kuvame ukuholela ekuwohlokeni kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokugqwala in Izimbonakaliso ZemishiniLokhu kwenzeka lapho izinto zokuvala uphawu, okuhlanganisa ubuso bokuvala uphawu kanye nama-elastomer, zingakwazi ukumelana nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izinga lokushisa, kanye nengcindezi yoketshezi lwenqubo. Lokhu kungahambisani kubangela ukuhlaselwa kwamakhemikhali, okwenza izingxenye zokuvala uphawu zivuvuke, zinciphe, ziqhekeke, noma zibole. Umonakalo onjalo ulimaza ubuqotho bokuvala uphawu kanye nezakhiwo zomshini, ekugcineni kubangele ukuvuza kanye nokuphila kwesikhathi esifushane kwenkonzo.Ukupheka kungenye indlela yokuwohloka kwezinto ezibonakalayoKubangelwa ukuwohloka kwe-oxidation noma kwamakhemikhali komkhiqizo, kwakha izinsalela ezisindayo ezingxenyeni zesivalo.

Izindlela eziningana zokugqwala ezithile zingavela. Ukugqwala kokucindezeleka kwenzeka ezintweni zensimbi ngaphansi kokucindezeleka ngaphakathi kwendawo egqwalisayo. Lokhu kuholela emihosheni yokugqwala ekhethiwe, ukugqwala kwendawo, kanye nokuqhekeka ekugcineni. Izinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali ze-Austenitic kanye ne-alloys zethusi ziyathinteka, isibonelo, isivikelo sokushayela se-1Cr18Ni9Ti kumaphampu amanzi e-ammonia. Ukugqwala kuhilela ukubhujiswa kwezinto ezivela esenzweni esishintshashintshayo sokuguguleka nokugqwala. I-medium egqwalisayo isheshisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ebusweni bokuthintana kwe-seal, ibhubhise ungqimba lwe-oxide oluvikelayo futhi iholele ekugqwaleni okwengeziwe. Ukugqwala kwegebe kwenzeka ezikhaleni ezincane phakathi kwezingxenye zensimbi noma ezingezona ezensimbi. Imidiya emile kulezi zikhala isheshisa ukugqwala kwensimbi. Lokhu kubonakala phakathi kwezihlalo zesipilingi se-mechanical seal kanye ne-shafts noma i-compensation ring assistant seals kanye ne-shafts, okubangela imihosha noma amaphuzu okugqwala.

Ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical kuhilela izinto ezahlukene esixazululweni se-electrolyte. Ukushintshashintsha kwamandla angokwemvelo kudala umphumela wokuxhumanisa kagesi, okukhuthaza ukugqwala kwenye into ngenkathi kuvimbela kwenye. Lokhu kuvamile ezimbangini zokungqubuzana kwe-mechanical seal, njengensimbi yethusi ne-nickel-chromium e-oxidizing media. Ukugqwala okuphelele kuhilela ukugqwala okufanayo ebusweni bezingxenye ezithintana ne-media. Lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni isisindo, ekulahlekelweni kwamandla, nasekuncipheni kobulukhuni. Isibonelo yi-1Cr18Ni9Ti insimbi engagqwali multi-springs ku-dilute sulfuric acid. Ukugqwala kwendawo kubonisa amabala noma imigodi eqoshiwe. Ingqimba engaphezulu iba yikhululekile futhi ibe nezimbobo, ihlubuka kalula futhi ilahlekelwe amandla okuguguleka. Lokhu kuwukuqedwa okukhethayo kwesigaba kuma-alloy esigaba esiningi noma into ezixazululweni eziqinile zesigaba esisodwa. I-carbide eqinisiwe esekelwe ku-Cobalt ku-alkali enamandla okushisa okuphezulu kanye ne-reaction sintered silicon carbide, lapho i-silicon yamahhala igqwala khona, yizibonelo.

Ukuvuvukala Nokuqhekeka Kwe-Elastomers

Uketshezi olungahambisani lubangela izinkinga ezinkulu njengokuvuvukala nokuqhekeka kwama-elastomer, okuyizinto ezibalulekile zezimpawu zomshini. Isibonelo,Ama-NBR elastomers avezwe ezindaweni ezine-hydrogen ephezuluizwa ukugcwala kwe-hydrogen ngokweqile. Lokhu kuholela ekuvuvukeni, ekuqhumeni, nasekuwohlokeni okusheshayo kobuqotho bomshini, okuvame ukuholela ekuhlulekeni kwe-RGD (Rapid Gas Decompression) kanye nokungena kwemifantu. Ama-elastomer endabuko nawo ahlushwa ukuvuvukala nokuqhumisa ngenxa yokugcwala kwe-hydrogen kanye nokuncibilika ezimweni ezifanayo ze-hydrogen ezinengcindezi ephezulu.

Ezinye izinhlobo zoketshezi nazo zibeka engcupheni ama-elastomer athile. I-EPDM, isibonelo, iyavuvukala futhi ithambise uma ithinta imikhiqizo kaphethiloli njengamafutha, amafutha/amafutha okugcoba, kanye namafutha/amafutha emifino noma emvelo. Ama-elastomer e-FKM/Viton abhekene nokuwohloka okuvela ezintweni ezine-pH ephezulu (i-alkaline), ikakhulukazi i-ammonia etholakala kumafutha e-compressor esiqandisini. Lokhu kuvezwa kubangela ukucindezelwa kusenesikhathi, ukuqhekeka kobuso, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukunwebeka. Ama-acetate, kufaka phakathi i-acetic acid, i-peroxyacetic/peracetic acid, i-ethyl acetate, i-butyl acetate, kanye nosawoti we-acetate, nawo abangela izinkinga ezinkulu ze-FKM/Viton. Lawa ma-fluid aholela ekuvuvukeni, ekuthambekeni, ekuhlaselweni kobuso noma ekuqhekekeni, ekulahlekelweni kokunwebeka kanye nenkumbulo, kanye nokuvuza kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngokufanayo, ama-acrylates afana ne-acrylic acid, i-poly(vinyl acrylate), i-methyl/ethyl/butyl acrylate, kanye nama-methacrylates (isb., i-methyl methacrylate) abangela ukuwohloka okufanayo ku-FKM/Viton, okuvame ukudinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezimelana kakhulu njenge-PTFE noma i-FFKM.

Ukuhlaselwa Nokuqedwa Kwamakhemikhali

Ukuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokuncibilika kumelela izinhlobo ezinzima zokungavumelani. Uketshezi olunamandla lungasabela ngqo nezinto zokuvala, luphule isakhiwo salo sama-molecule. Le nqubo yenza izinto zibe buthaka, zenze ziqhekeke noma zithambile. Isibonelo, ama-asidi noma izisekelo ezinamandla zingancibilikisa ama-polymer athile noma izinsimbi ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezivalo. Lokhu kusabela kwamakhemikhali kususa izinto ezingxenyeni zesivalo, okuholela ekuncipheni, ekuqhekekeni, noma ekuqhekekeni okuphelele. Ubuqotho bobuso besivalo noma izinto zokuvala zesibili buyancipha ngokushesha ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo. Lokhu kuphumela ekuvuza okusheshayo kanye nokwehluleka kwesivalo okubi kakhulu. Ubukhulu bokuhlaselwa kwamakhemikhali buncike ekugxilweni koketshezi, izinga lokushisa, kanye nesikhathi sokuvezwa. Ngisho namakhemikhali abonakala emnene angabangela umonakalo omkhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma izinto zokuvala zingenakho ukumelana okufanele.

Ukuguga Okubi Nokuguguleka

Ukuguguleka okubuhlungu kuyindlela evamile yokwehluleka kwe-Mechanical Seals. Izinhlayiya eziqinile enqubweni zithinta ubuso be-seal. Lezi zinhlayiya zisebenza njengeizinto zokubhula. Zibangela ukuthi ubuso besivalo buguge ngokushesha. Uketshezi olunezinhlayiya eziningi luguge ubuso besivalo. Lokhu futhikuthinta ukuhambisana kwazoUkungcoliswa koketshezi lwenqubo ngezinhlayiya ezihudulayo kusheshisa ukuguguleka kwesivalo. Lokhu kuholelaukuvuza ngokusebenzisa isikhombikubona sokuvala esiyinhlokoNgokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinhlayiya ezihuquzelayo oketshezininciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokuvalaLe ndlela yokuguga iyanda ezinhlelweni ezihilelauketshezi oluqinile noma olunamandla.

Ukuwohloka Kokushisa Kwezingxenye Zesivalo

Ukuwohloka kokushisa kwenzeka lapho amazinga okushisa aphezulu elimaza izinto zokuvala. Izinto ezingasebenzi kahle zingasebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Zingabangela nokusabela okungaphandle kokushisa. Lezi zimo zisunduza izinto zokuvala ngale kwemingcele yazo. Izinto zokuvala ngazinye zinomkhawulo wokushisa obalulekile. Ukudlula lo mkhawulo kubangela ukuthi izinto zilahlekelwe amandla nobuqotho bazo.

Cabanga ngale mikhawulo yokushisa yezinto ezivamile zokuvala uphawu:

Izivalo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ngokuvamile zingamelana namazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-316°C (600°F)noma ngaphezulu. Izinto ezifana ne-graphite ne-silicon carbide ziyaziwa ngokuqina kwazo kokushisa ekusetshenzisweni kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Lapho izinto ziwohloka ngokushisa, ziyaqhekeka, zithambile, noma zincibilike. Lokhu kuphazamisa ikhono lesivalo lokuvimbela ukuvuza.

Umphumela Woketshezi Olungahambisani Nokusebenza Kahle

Ukuvuza Okukhulu Nokulahlekelwa Komkhiqizo

Uketshezi olungahambisani lubangela ngqo ukuvuza okwandisiwe okuvela ezivalweni zemishini. Uma into yokuvala ingakwazi ukumelana noketshezi oluqukethwe yiyo, ilahlekelwa ubuqotho bayo. Lokhu kuholela ekuphumeni koketshezi ohlelweni. Ukuvuza okunjalo kuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu komkhiqizo, ikakhulukazi ngamakhemikhali ayigugu noma ayingozi. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuchitha izinsiza kodwa futhi kudinga ukugcwaliswa kabusha njalo noma ukushintshwa koketshezi olulahlekile. Ukulahleka okuqhubekayo komkhiqizo kuthinta ngqo inzuzo yenkampani.

Isikhathi Esinciphile Sokusebenza Kwemishini Nokukhiqiza

Ukwehluleka kokuvala okwenziwa ngomshini, okuvame ukubangelwa ukungahambelani koketshezi, kuthinta kakhulu isikhathi sokusebenza kwemishini kanye nomkhiqizo wokukhiqiza. Ukusebenzisa izinto zokuvala ezingalungile ezingafanele izimo zokusebenza, njengezinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, noma ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali, kungaholela ekuwohlokeni okusheshayo. Ngokufanayo, ukushintsha uketshezi ngaphandle kokucabangela ukuhambisana kwazo nezinto zokuvala kungabangela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali. Lokhu kusabela kuholela ekulahlekelweni yizinto.ukuthambisa, ukuvuvukala, ukuqhekeka, noma ezinye izinhlobo zokuwohlokaLezi zinkinga zibeka engcupheni ikhono lesivalo lokugodla uketshezi ngempumelelo. Lokhu kuholela ekungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu, izindleko zokulungisa ezikhuphukile, kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi. Isibonelo, ifektri yokuhluza ingabangela ukulahlekelwa yi-$50,000 ngehora ngenxa yesikhathi sokungasebenziokubangelwe ukuvuza kwesivalo somshini. Kwesinye isimo esithile, isitshalo sabhekana nokulahlekelwa okungu-$100,000 ekulungisweni kanye nokulahlekelwa umkhiqizo ngenxa yokuvuza. Lokhu kugqamisa imiphumela ebalulekile yezomnotho yokwehluleka okunjalo.

Izindleko Zokulungisa Eziphakeme Zezivalo Zemishini

Uketshezi olungahambisani luholela ezindlekweni eziphezulu zokulungisaIzimbonakaliso Zemishini. Lapho izimbobo zokuvala zihluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yokuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali noma ukuwohloka, zidinga ukushintshwa njalo. Lokhu kwandisa isidingo sezingxenye ezisele kanye nabasebenzi. Ochwepheshe kumele bachithe isikhathi esiningi bexilonga futhi belungisa izinkinga. Ukwehluleka okuphindaphindiwe kusho nokulungiswa okuphuthumayo okwengeziwe, okuvame ukubiza kakhulu kunokulungiswa okuhleliwe. Lezi zindleko eziphakeme zinciphisa ngqo inzuzo futhi zinciphise isabelomali sokulungisa.

Izingozi Zokuphepha Nezingozi Zemvelo

Uketshezi olungahambisani lubangela izingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha kanye nezingozi zemvelo. Ukuvuza okuvela ku-Mechanical Seals okuhlulekile kuveza abasebenzi kumakhemikhali anobuthi noma amagesi ayingozi. Lokhu kuvezwa kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo, okuhlanganisa ukucasuka kwesikhumba namaphaphu, ukuzwela kokuphefumula, ngisho nesifo somdlavuza. Izehlakalo ezimbi, njengemililo, ukuqhuma, ukulaliswa esibhedlela, kanye nokulahlekelwa yimpilo, zenzeke ngenxa yokukhishwa kwamakhemikhali okuyingozi. Ngaphandle kwempilo yabantu, ukuvuza kwezimboni kuholela ekuchithekeni kwamakhemikhali noma ubuthi obuvela emoyeni. Lezi zehlakalo zibangela umonakalo wesikhathi eside wemvelo, zingcolisa izindawo zokuhlala kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Izibonelo ezifana ne-Ukuchitheka kukawoyela eDeepwater Horizon kanye nenhlekelele yegesi eBhopalqokomisa amathuba okuba khona kwezinhlekelele zemvelo. Imikhiqizo kaphethiloli evuzayo, isibonelo, ingcolisa inhlabathi kanye nemithombo yamanzi, isongela izilwane zasendle kanye nempilo yabantu. Uketshezi oluvuthayo ludala izingozi ezisheshayo zomlilo nokuqhuma. Ngisho nokuvuza kwamanzi, nakuba kubonakala kungasibi kangako, kunegalelo ekucindezelweni kwemithombo yamanzi elinganiselwe futhi kungabangela ukulimala ngokomzimba, umonakalo wesakhiwo, kanye nokugqwala.Ukufakwa kwesivalo okufanelekusiza izimboni ukunciphisa ukuthinteka kwazo kwemvelo futhi zilandele imithetho eqinile yokuphepha.

Ukusebenza Kohlelo Okungazinzile Nokuthembeka

Ukungahambisani koketshezi kulimaza ngqo ukusebenza kwesistimu iyonke kanye nokuthembeka. Ukungahambisani kwezinto kubangela ukuthi izingxenye zesivalo zivuvuke, zigqwale, noma zibe buthaka. Uketshezi olunamandla luhlasela futhi lugqwale izinto zesivalo ngamakhemikhali lapho onjiniyela bengazikhethi kahle ukuze zisetshenziswe. Ukukhetha isivalo esingalungile kuholela ekuhlulekeni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, izindleko ezikhulayo, futhi kubeka engcupheni yokuphepha. Izimo zokusebenza ezinobutha noma izinguquko kumapharamitha enqubo zingaphazamisa ukwakheka kwesivalo kanye namakhono ezinto ezibonakalayo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukuthembeka kwaso. Ukusetshenziswa, uketshezi lwenqubo, kanye nezinguquko zemvelo konke kunegalelo ekuxubeni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezinto ezithinta ukuthembeka kwesivalo. Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezinto zokwakha kuyiphutha elivame ukuholela ngokushesha ekuhlulekeni kwesivalo kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Isibonelo, uketshezi lwenqubo olunamathelayo njengeglue noma ama-molasses lungabopha ubuso besivalo ndawonye, ​​okonakalisa ukusebenza. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu futhi kwandisa amathuba okungasebenzi kahle okungahleliwe, ekugcineni kuthinte ubuqotho bokusebenza bonke.

Izici Eziyinhloko Zokuqinisekisa Ukuhambisana Kwesivalo Semishini

Ukuhlaziywa Okuphelele Koketshezi

Ukuhlaziywa koketshezi okuphelele kwakha isisekelo sokusebenza kahle kwesivalo semishini. Onjiniyela kumele baqonde izici zoketshezi lwenqubo ukuze bakhethe izinto zokuvala ezihambisanayo. Lokhu kuhlaziywa kufaka phakathi imingcele eminingana ebalulekile. Bahlolaukusabela koketshezi ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu angabangela izixazululo zamanzi ukuba zibe amafutha aphansi. Ama-hydrocarbon alula angase aphele. Usawoti kanye ne-caustics kungakhukhula. Amafutha angase aqhekeke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amazinga okushisa apholile kakhulu aholela ekuqineni nasekuqineni okuphezulu. Lokhu kwandisa amandla okusika kanye nomonakalo wobuso.

Abahlaziyi babala zonke izakhi zoketshezi. Bahlola uhlobo loketshezi ngokwalo. Ukuba khona kwezinto eziqinile emfudlaneni opompiwe kubalulekile. Izinto ezingcolisayo ezonakalisayo, njenge-H2S noma ama-chloride, zidinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela. Uma umkhiqizo uyisisombululo, ukuhlushwa kwawo kubalulekile. Onjiniyela banquma nokuthi umkhiqizo uyaqina yini ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo ezihlangatshezwayo.

Ukuchachamba koketshezi kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele icatshangelwe, ikakhulukazi ekushiseni okusebenzayo. Kulawula imodi yokugcoba. Izinsizakalo ze-viscosity ephansi zivame ukudinga ukuhlanganiswa kobuso obuthambile nobunzima. Uketshezi oluphezulu lwe-viscosity luvumela ukugcoba kwefilimu egcwele uketshezi. Lokhu kungase kusebenzise ukuhlanganiswa okunzima nobunzima ukugwema izinkinga ezifana nokuqhakaza ezintweni ezithambile. Izakhiwo kanye nokujiya kwezinto eziqinile ezilengisiwe noma izinhlayiya ze-crystallization nakho kubalulekile. Ezisetshenzisweni ezingcolile noma ezingcolile, izinhlayiya eziqinile kunezinto zobuso zingabangela umonakalo. Lokhu kudinga izinto zobuso eziqinile. Uketshezi olucwebezelayo noma usawoti lungalimaza kakhulu ubuso obuthambile. Ukuhambisana kwamakhemikhali kwezinto kubalulekile. Ubuso bokuvala buvezwa ezinhlayiyeni ezahlukahlukene zenqubo. Ezinye zinolaka futhi zingasabela ngamakhemikhali nezingxenye zezinto. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinto eziyisisekelo, i-binder, noma i-filler. Izinto ezicatshangelwayo zokushisa nazo zibalulekile. Izici zangaphandle (uketshezi olupompelwe, amajakethi okushisa/okupholisa, izinhlelo zamapayipi) kanye nezici zangaphakathi (ukungqubuzana, ukuxokozela) kuthonya izinga lokushisa lobuso bokuvala. Lokhu kungaholela ekukhuleni kokushisa noma ekuhoxisweni. Zingabhubhisa futhi ukufakelwa noma ukubopha izinto. Ukuqina kokushisa ngenxa ye-axial thermal gradients kungenye inkinga.

Ukukhetha Izinto Ezinhle Kakhulu Zezimpawu Zomshini

Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele kubalulekileubude besikhathi nokusebenzaze-Mechanical Seals. Onjiniyela kumele bakhethe izinto ezimelana namakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba zoketshezi oluthile. Ukuze kusetshenziswe izinto ezibola kakhulu, njengalezo ezifaka ama-asidi noma izisekelo eziqinile, kudingeka ukukhetha izinto ezithile. Ubuso be-carbon graphite ye-asidi buyatholakala. Lokhu akunawo ama-resin filler, okwenza afaneleke naphezu kwamandla aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-carbon graphite. Kodwa-ke,i-silicon carbide eqondile ehlanganisiweiye yathatha indawo yazo kakhulu. I-silicon carbide iyindlela evamile yokukhetha ubuso obuqinile. Inikeza ukushisa okuphezulu, ukuguguleka, kanye nokumelana namakhemikhali.

Nakuba i-silicon carbide eboshiwe yokusabela inezakhiwo ezinhle zokuguguleka, okuqukethwe kwayo kwensimbi ye-silicon yamahhala okungu-8-12% kunciphisa ukumelana kwamakhemikhali. Lokhu kuyenza ingafaneleki kuma-asidi aqinile nezisekelo (i-pH engaphansi kuka-4 noma ngaphezulu kuka-11). I-silicon carbide eqondile e-sintered, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-self-sintered silicon carbide, inikeza ukumelana kwamakhemikhali okuphezulu. Cishe iyi-silicon carbide ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwensimbi ye-silicon yamahhala. Lokhu kuyenza imelane namakhemikhali amaningi futhi ifanele cishe noma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwesivalo semishini, kufaka phakathi esonakele kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinsizakalo ezisonakele kakhulu lapho kungekho nsimbi enikeza ukuhambisana okwanele kwamakhemikhali noma ukugwema izindleko eziphezulu zensimbi ze-premium, imiklamo yesivalo engenazo izingxenye zensimbi ezimanzi iyatholakala.

Kuma-fluid athile agqwala kakhulu njenge-hydrofluoric (HF) acid, onjiniyela batusa ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezithile. Ubuso be-seal budinga ama-carbon grades angamelani namakhemikhali kanye ne-alpha-sintered silicon carbide. Ama-carbon grades athile kumele ahlolwe ukuze avumelane futhi ahlale isikhathi eside ngenxa yokuguquguquka kanye nengcindezi ye-hydrofluoric acid. Ama-Perfluoroelastomers ayisici sesibili esinconywayo sokuvala. Izingxenye zensimbi, njengezindlala namakhola, ikakhulukazi zisebenzisa izinsimbi ze-alloy eziphakeme ezinokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu.I-Monel® Alloy 400ibilokhu isetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni eziningi ze-HF acid.

Abakhiqizi Bezivalo Zemishini Zokubonisana

Ukubonisana nabakhiqizi bezivalo zemishini ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokuklama kunikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile zokuhlolwa kokuhambisana koketshezi. Le ndlela yokuqaphakuthuthukisa ukuthembeka. Ukubonisana kusenesikhathi kusiza ukulindela amaphuzu okwehluleka njengokungahambisani kwezinto. Lokhu kuholela ekwakhiweni okuqinile. Kuphinde kukhuthaze ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Ukubhekana nezingozi ezihlobene nokuhambisana koketshezi kusenesikhathi kunciphisa izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila. Lokhu kunciphisa izindleko zesikhathi sokungasebenzi kanye nokugcinwa.

Abakhiqizi banganikeza izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Imiklamo eklanyelwe ihlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zemboni kanye nezidingo zokuhambisana noketshezi. Lokhu kunciphisa izingozi ezihambisanayo. Ifilosofi "yokuqala ngqa" ingafezeka. Indlela ehlelekile iqinisekisa ukuthi umklamo wokuqala uhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokusebenza. Lokhu kunciphisa isidingo sokuphindaphinda okubizayo ngenxa yezinkinga zokuhambisana noketshezi.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kwesivalo, ukuthembeka, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ukubonisana kwasekuqaleni kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezikhethiwe ziyahambisana noketshezi lwenqubo. Zimelana nokugqwala, ukuguguleka, kanye nokuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwasekuqaleni kubalulekile ezindaweni ezinoketshezi oluqothulayo, oluqothulayo, noma olushisa kakhulu. Kuphinde kusize ekucabangeni ukuthi izinguquko ezakhiweni zoketshezi ngenxa yokucindezela kanye nokushisa zingathinta kanjani ubuqotho bezinto. Le ndlela yokubhekana nobunzima, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), ivumela ukuhlonza kusenesikhathi kanye nokunciphisa ukwehluleka okungenzeka okuhlobene nokuhambisana kwezinto. Lokhu kuholela ekuthembekeni okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.

Izinqubo Zokuhlola Zaselabhorethri Nokuhlola Insimu

Izinqubo zokuhlola eziqinile zelebhu kanye nensimu zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuhambisana kwezinto zokuvala ngomshini noketshezi lwenqubo. Lezi zivivinyo ziqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezikhethiwe zimelana nendawo yokusebenza. Indlela Yokuhlola Ejwayelekile ye-ASTM D471 inikeza indlela ehlelekile. Okokuqala, ochwepheshe balungiselela amasampula okuhlola ajwayelekile. Balinganisa ubukhulu bokuqala, isisindo, kanye nobunzima, beqopha lokhu njengezimpawu eziyisisekelo. Okulandelayo, bacwilisa amasampula ku-oyili wokuhlola ekushiseni okuphezulu kokusebenza. Lokhu kucwiliswa kuhlala isikhathi esijwayelekile, ngokuvamileAmahora angama-70 okungenani, kanti amahora ayi-168 akhethwayo. Bagcina izinga lokushisa lingaphakathi kuka-±2°C. Ngemva kokucwiliswa, ochwepheshe basusa amasampula, basule uwoyela womphezulu, bese bewalinganisa zingakapheli imizuzu engama-30. Baqopha ushintsho lwevolumu, ushintsho lwesisindo, kanye noshintsho lobunzima. Ukuhlolwa okukhethwa kukho kuhlanganisa amandla okudonsa kanye nobude. Okokugcina, bahumusha imiphumela. Lokhu kuhilela ukubala iphesenti lokuvuvukala kwevolumu, ukuhlola ushintsho lobunzima besebenzisa i-Shore A durometer, kanye nokuhlola isimo somzimba sokuqhekeka, ukuthamba, noma ukuqina.

Kukhona futhi indlela elula yokuhlola insimu. Le ndlela idinga izivalo ezisele ezingu-3-5 zento ngayinye, okungenani u-500ml wamafutha e-compressor wangempela, umthombo wokushisa onokulawula izinga lokushisa (ihhavini noma ipuleti elishisayo), izitsha zeglasi ezinezivalo, ama-caliper noma i-micrometer, kanye nesihloli sokuqina kwe-Shore A. Inqubo ihilela ukulinganisa nokurekhoda ubukhulu bokuqala besivalo kanye nokuqina. Bese, ochwepheshe bacwilisa izivalo emafutheni ashisayo amahora angu-168 (isonto elilodwa). Ngemva kokususwa, basula izivalo zome bese belinganisa ngokushesha ubukhulu kanye nokuqina. Babala ushintsho lwamaphesenti. Izindlela zokwamukelwa zifaka phakathi ukuvuvuka kwevolumu okungaphansi kuka-10%, ukulahlekelwa ubulukhuni okungaphansi kuka-10 Shore A, kanye nokungabikho kokuqhekeka okubonakalayo, ukunamathela, noma ukuthamba okukhulu.

I-System Seals isungule izindlela ezintsha zokuhlola ukuhambisana kwezinto ezibonakalayo noketshezi. Lezi zindlela zifaka amazinga ahlukahlukene kanye nolwazi olubanzi lokusetshenziswa. Ukuhlolwa kwazo kokuhambisana kuhilela izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: izinguquko ezimpahleni eziyisisekelo zemishini, izinguquko ezimpahleni zokushisa, kanye nokusebenza okusekelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza. Ukuqinisekisa ukugcwala koketshezi okugcwele nokusheshisa ukuguga, kusetshenziswa imingcele ethile yesikhathi kanye nokushisa. Uketshezi oluxutshwe ngamanzi, njenge-glycols noma i-emulsions, luvezwa emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-100°C. Uketshezi olusekelwe ku-oyili luvame ukubona amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-100°C. Ukuhlolwa kusebenzaAmahora angu-2,016 (amasonto angu-12)ukuqinisekisa ukugcwala okugcwele. Amapharamitha okuhlola ayisisekelo afaka phakathi ukuvuvukala kwevolumu, izinguquko zobukhulu kanye nobuningi, ubulukhuni, amandla okudonsa, ukunwebeka, i-modulus yamaphesenti ayi-100, umsebenzi wokusebenza (indawo engaphansi kwejika lokudonsa kufika kumaphesenti angama-20), isethi yokucindezela, kanye nokumelana nokuhuzuka. Ukuvuvukala kwevolumu kubonisa ukumuncwa koketshezi; ukufinyela kuyinkinga kakhulu, kunciphisa amandla okuvala. Ezinye izici ezifana nevolumu, ukujiya, kanye nobuningi kuyaqashwa ukuze kuhlolwe izinguquko zobukhulu ezivela ekugugeni kwamakhemikhali. Izinguquko zezakhiwo zemishini eziqashwe zihlanganisa ubulukhuni, i-modulus yokudonsa, i-modulus yamaphesenti ayi-100, amandla okudonsa, kanye nokuphakama lapho kuphuka. Inhloso yokugcina ukuhlola ikhono le-elastomer lokusebenza njengesivalo ekusetshenzisweni kwalo okuhlosiwe lapho livezwa oketshezini olusebenzayo. Ukuhlolwa kokusetshenziswa kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokusungulwa kokuhambisana okuyinhloko. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amapharamitha okusheshisa imiphumela yokucindezela, izinga lokushisa, ukuphela kwendawo, kanye nokunyakaza (ukubuyisela emuva, ukujikeleza, ukujika).

Izindinganiso zokuhlola ezikhona zibonisa ukungahambisani okukhulu. I-ASTM D2000 ivame ukusebenzisa isikhathi esiphezulu sokuchayeka samahora angu-70, okunciphisa amandla okubikezela isikhathi eside. I-ASTM D4289, yamafutha ezimoto, incoma inani elilinganiselwe lezinguquko zezakhiwo zokuhlola. I-ASTM D6546 ifaka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwezakhiwo, njengomsebenzi womsebenzi kanye nesethi yokucindezela, kodwa ikhawulela isikhathi sokuhlola kumahora ayi-1,000. Ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri ye-System Seals kubonise ukuthi ezinye izinhlanganisela zezinto eziwuketshezi ezihambisana namahora ayi-1,000 zangavumelani ngemva kwamahora ayi-2,000. Izincomo eziningi zokuhlola azinazo iziqondiso ezimisiwe zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimile noma ezishintshashintshayo. Izindinganiso eziningi zokuhlola azifaki izinguquko ekushiseni kokushintsha, okubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Lokhu kumelela igebe elikhulu ezindleleni zokuhlola zomlando.

Ukuhlola Izimo Zokusebenza (Izinga Lokushisa, Ingcindezi, Isivinini)

Amazinga okushisa aphezulu okusebenza kanye nokucindezela kuthinta kakhulu ukukhethwa kwezinto zeMechanical Seals ukuze kuhambisane noketshezi. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu angonakalisa izingxenye ze-elastomeric. Isibonelo, izingxenye ze-ethylene propylene ziyawohloka futhi zivuza ngale300° Fahrenheit (150° C). Amazinga okushisa aphezulu abangela nokuthi amanye ama-hydrocarbon aqhume. Lokhu kuphazamisa ukuhamba ngokukhululeka kwezingxenye zesivalo semishini. Uketshezi lwenqubo lungahwamuka ebusweni besivalo, okubangela ukukhishwa kwegesi okubalekayo. Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinselele, izinketho zezinto ezibonakalayo zifaka phakathi ama-elastomerics enzelwe ama-hydrocarbon athile, amazinga okushisa, kanye noketshezi oluhlanzayo. Ubuso besivalo benzelwe ukuqina nokuhambisana noketshezi lwenqubo. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-carbon, i-stainless, i-ceramic, i-tungsten, i-silicon, i-graphite, kanye ne-nickel variants. Ama-alloy anwebeka kancane asetshenziselwa izingxenye zesivalo sensimbi ukunciphisa ukwanda kokushisa okusongela ukusebenza kwesivalo. I-Inconel ne-Hastelloy ziyathandwa ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezishisayo ezihlukile. Zimelana nobunzima obukhulu ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ubuqotho besakhiwo. I-Inconel ingcono ngokuqina, imelana namazinga okushisaamazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-1,000°CLokhu kuyenza ibaluleke kakhulu embonini yezindiza kanye nokucubungula amakhemikhali. Ukushisa okuphezulu kuphazamisa izinto zokuvala, okuholela ekuwohlokeni noma ekuqhekekeni. Lokhu kunciphisa izakhiwo zemishini futhi kubangele ukwehluleka kokuvala. Ukujikeleza kokushisa kwenza lokhu kube kubi kakhulu ngokubangela ukukhathala kwezinto.

Ukwehlukahluka kwengcindezi kudinga izivalo ezinamandla okuqina. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuvuza ezindaweni ezinomfutho ophezulu. Izivalo zobuso zemishini zivame ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zomfutho ophezulu. Izivalo ezisebenzisa amandla entwasahlobo nazo ziyasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuvuza. Ukuhambisana kwamakhemikhali kuhlala kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwezinto kanye nezingozi zemvelo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi isivalo asigugi noma asiqhekeki ngenxa yokuvezwa ngamakhemikhali. Ama-elastomer afana ne-Viton, i-EPDM, ne-Nitrile akhethwa ngokusekelwe ekumelaneni kwawo namakhemikhali athile kanye noketshezi. I-Viton imelana kakhulu namafutha kanye namafutha, ilungele ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto, futhi ivame ukubonisa isikhathi eside kakhulu sokuphila ekuvezweni yi-hydrocarbon. I-EPDM imelana namanzi kanye nomusi, ifanele izinhlelo ze-HVAC. I-Nitrile inikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kokuguguleka kodwa ingawohloka uma ivezwa ku-ozone. Isivinini sokusebenza esiphezulu siphinde sikhiqize ukushisa, okuphinde kube nomthelela ekucabangeni kokushisa kokukhethwa kwezinto.

Imikhuba Emihle Yokuphila Isikhathi Eside Kwesivalo Semishini

Ukuqapha Nokuhlola Okuvamile

Ukuqapha nokuhlola njalo kubalulekileukwandisa isikhathi sokuphilazeZisimbozo Zemishini. Ngezicelo ezibalulekile, njengezisimbozo ze-bellows, ukuziphatha kwabasebenziukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwanyanga zonke. Baphinde benze ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwekota. Ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe konyaka kungafaka phakathi ukuhlukaniswa okuyingxenye ukuhlola izingxenye zangaphakathi. Abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe bahlola ngokubonakalayo izindawo ezimboziwe ukuze babone ukugqwala, ukuqhekeka kokukhathala, ukuphambuka kobukhulu, noma ukuqongelela kwezinto zangaphandle. Amachweba okuhlola nama-bonnet asuswayo avumela lokhu ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa okuphelele kohlelo. Ukuqapha ukusebenza kulandelela amapharamitha afana namazinga okuvuza, amazinga okushisa okusebenza, izimpawu zokudlidliza, kanye nezikhathi zokuphendula ze-actuator. Lokhu kusungula izisekelo futhi kukhomba izitayela zokuwohloka. Amasu okuxilonga athuthukile afaka ama-borescope okuhlolwa kwangaphakathi kanye nemishini yokuthwebula izithombe zokushisa ukuthola ukwehluka kokushisa. Abahlaziyi bokudlidliza, izinhlelo zokuthola ukuvuza, izilinganiso zobukhulu be-ultrasonic, kanye nokuhlolwa kwamanje kwe-eddy nakho kuhlola isimo sesivalo.Ukulungiswa kokubikezelakuhilela ukuqapha isimo sesikhathi sangempela kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha. Lokhu kulindela izidingo zokulungisa futhi kuvimbela ukungasebenzi okungalindelekile. Ubuchwepheshe bokuzwa nokuqapha, njengezinzwa zokushisa, ingcindezi, ukudlidliza, kanye nokuvuza, bulandelela izimo zokusebenza ezingavamile. Izinzwa ezingenantambo kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha ezikude zivumela ukuqoqwa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela kanye nezaziso. Izindlela zezibalo, ukuqapha izitayela, kanye nama-algorithm okubikezela ahlaziya le datha. Izinhlelo Zokuphathwa Kokulungiswa Kwekhompyutha (i-CMMS) zihlanganisa ukuqoqwa kwedatha kanye nokuhlaziywa kokuphatha amashejuli okulungisa kanye nedatha yomlando.

Amasu Okulungisa Okusebenzayo

Ukusebenzisa amasu okulungisa asebenzayo kuyanda kakhuluisikhathi sokuphila kwe-seal yomshini. Ukuhlolwa okuvamilekuhilela ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kokuguguleka, ukuvuza, noma umonakalo. Abasebenzi bahlola nesimo sobuso besivalo ukuze babone ukuthi sinamabala noma sinamabala. Ukufakwa okufanele kunamathela eziqondisweni zomkhiqizi. Kusebenzisa amathuluzi afanele ukuze kufakwe ngokunembile. Ukuthambisa okwanele kobuso besivalo kunciphisa ukungqubuzana nokuguguleka. Izinhlelo zokupholisa ezifanele zivimbela ukushisa ngokweqile. Ukukhethwa kwesivalo kufanisa isivalo nezimo zokusebenza zesicelo. Kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwezinto nezinto eziwuketshezi kanye nezici zemvelo. Ukuqapha ukusebenza kulandelela izinkomba zokusebenza kwesivalo njengezinga lokuvuza kanye nokushisa. Lokhu kulungisa amapharamitha okusebenza ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuguguleka ngokweqile. Ukulawula ukungcola kugcina indawo ehlanzekile ezungeze isivalo. Kusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuhlunga ukususa izinhlayiya oketshezini.Ukugwema ukuhamba komileIvimbela izivalo ukuthi zingasebenzi ngaphandle koketshezi oluqhubekayo phakathi kobuso besivalo ukuze ziphole. Amamonitha asebenza ngokuwomile angasiza ngalokhu. Ukugwema ukudlidliza ngokweqile kugcina izinhlelo zephampu zingaphakathi kwe-Best Efficiency Point yazo (BEP). Lokhu kuvimbela ukujikeleza kwegazi kanye nokugoba kwemithambo. Ukubhekana nokuwohloka kwesistimu noma ukungalingani nakho kubalulekile. Ukugcotshwa okufanele kusebenzisa uhlobo olufanele lwesivalo ukuze kugcinwe ifilimu yoketshezi olupholile. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuguguleka nokungqubuzana. Kuvimbela nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa emakamelweni esivalo. Ukufakwa kahle kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana okufanele nokunembile kanye nokunemba kwejometri. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuguguleka kanye nokwehluleka kusenesikhathi.

Ukuqeqeshwa Okuqhubekayo Kwabasebenzi

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo kwabasebenzi kubalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho besiciko semishini nokuvimbela izinkinga zokuhambisana. Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha, njenge-“Izimpawu Zomshini - I-Webinar Yokwakha Nokuklama,” kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kweziqondiso zokuhambisana njengesihloko esiyinhloko. Uchwepheshe, uGomez, wagcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqeqeshwa ku-“ukuhambisana kwama-elastomer.” Ulandise ukuthi kwasiza kanjani ekuxazululeni ukwehluleka kwe-seal engapheli endaweni yokuhluza. Uthe, “Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngenza ukuqeqeshwa okuthile endaweni yokuhluza, futhi ngokufundisa ukuhambisana kwama-elastomers ngasiza ekuxazululeni ukwehluleka kwe-seal engapheli. Ngikholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa yigama lomdlalo.”Izimpawu Zezimboni"Inkambo (VS62XX) ijwayeza abafundi ngezisekelo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-gasket, ukupakisha, kanye nezivalo. Ihlanganisa "Izinhlobo, Izinto kanye Nezakhiwo" zezivalo. Lokhu ngokwemvelo kufaka phakathi izici zokuhambisana koketshezi okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwazo kanye nokusebenza kwazo.

Ukubhala Ukusebenza Kwesivalo Semishini

Ukubhala phansi ukusebenza kwe-mechanical seal kunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile. Lo mkhuba usiza ekuboneni nasekubhekaneni nezinkinga zokuhambisana ngempumelelo. Amarekhodi aphelele avumela amaqembu ukuqonda ukuziphatha kwesikhathi esidlule nokubikezela izinkinga zesikhathi esizayo. Le ndlela yokubhekana nobunzima ivimbela ukwehluleka okungalindelekile futhi inciphise isikhathi sokungasebenzi esibizayo.

Amaqembu kufanele aqophe ngokucophelelaamaphuzu ahlukahlukene edatha abalulekile. Zibhala phansi amapharamitha okusebenza angempela. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amazinga okugeleza, ukucindezela, amazinga okushisa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Izimpawu zokuphambuka ezicacisweni zomklamo zibalulekile. Idatha enjalo yembula ukuthi uphawu lusebenza kanjani ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela. Ziphinde zirekhode izakhiwo zoketshezi lwenqubo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, i-viscosity, amandla adonsela phansi athile, kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali. Noma yiziphi izinguquko ezivela kumklamo wokuqala noma izinguquko zakamuva ziyaphawulwa. Lokhu kusiza ukukhomba ukucindezeleka okuhlobene noketshezi kuphawu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzi babhala phansi isimo sengxenye yesistimu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amapayipi, amabheringi, kanye nezinhlelo zokusekela. Kuhlanganisa noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuguguleka noma umonakalo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo ezungezile isekela ukusebenza kahle kwesivalo. Ukuqopha amazinga okudlidliza nakho kubalulekile. Lokhu kuhilela idatha yokudlidliza yomlando neyamanje, izindawo zokulinganisa, kanye namabanga emvamisa. Ukuhlonza imithombo yokudlidliza engaba khona kusiza ukuvimbela ukucindezeleka komshini esivaloni. Ukubhala phansi izimo zokulungiswa kwemishini kungenye isinyathelo esibalulekile. Ukulungiswa okufanele kunciphisa ukucindezeleka okungadingekile ebusweni besivalo.

Umlando wokulungisa unikeza umongo obalulekile. Amaqembu aqoqa futhi abukeze amarekhodi okulungisa, ama-oda omsebenzi, kanye nemibiko yokwehluleka kwangaphambilini. Lokhu kukhomba izinkinga eziphindaphindayo noma amaphethini okushintsha izingxenye. Ahlola izinhlelo zokusekela uphawu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinhlelo zokuhlanza, izinhlelo zoketshezi oluvimbelayo, kanye nezifunda zokupholisa. Ukufakwa okufanele, ukusebenza, kanye nokulinganiswa kwezinsimbi kuyaqinisekiswa. Ukuhlolwa kwemvelo kurekhoda amazinga okushisa okusebenza azungezile, ukucindezela, kanye nezici zoketshezi. Ukuphambuka ebangeni elijwayelekile kuyaphawulwa. Ekugcineni, amaqembu abhala phansi izinhlelo ezisizayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokupholisa nezokugcoba, kanye nezinhlelo zoketshezi oluvimbelayo noluvimbelayo. Aqinisekisa ikhwalithi efanele yokucindezela, ukugeleza, kanye noketshezi.

Ukubhalwa kwemibhalo okuphelele kudala isisekelo solwazi esibalulekile. Lolu lwazi lusekela ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi. Luthuthukisa ukuthembeka kanye nobude besikhathi salezi zingxenye ezibalulekile. Lo mkhuba ekugcineni unegalelo ekusebenzeni kahle kanye nokuphepha okuphelele.

Izindleko Zokunganaki Ukuhambisana Kwesivalo Semishini

Imiphumela Yezezimali Yokwehluleka

Ukunganaki ukuhambisana koketshezi lweziMpawu zeMishini kudala umthwalo omkhulu wezezimali ezinkampanini. Ukwehluleka kwezimpawu ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuholela ekwandeni kwezindleko zeizingxenye zokufaka esikhundlenikanye nabasebenzi. Izinhlangano zibhekene nezindleko zokulungisa eziphezulu ngenxa yokulungiswa okuvamile kanye nokungenelela okuphuthumayo. Isikhathi sokukhiqiza esilahlekile ngesikhathi sokuvalwa okungalindelekile siphinde sibangele ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwemali engenayo. Lezi zindleko eziqondile nezingaqondile zithinta kakhulu inzuzo yenkampani kanye nesabelomali sokusebenza.

Umonakalo Wedumela kanye Nomphumela Womkhiqizo

Ukungahambisani koketshezi kungalimaza kakhulu idumela lenkampani kanye nesithombe somkhiqizo. Ukukhunjulwa komkhiqizo, ukubuyekezwa okungekuhle, kanye nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kokwethenjwa kwabathengi kuvame ukulandela izehlakalo zokonakala kobuqotho bomkhiqizo. Abathengi balindela imikhiqizo ephephile nekhwalithi ephezulu. Noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kulokhu okulindelwe kubangela ukwehla kokwethembeka komkhiqizo. Isibonelo, inhlolovo yembule ukuthi71% wabanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayobazolahlekelwa ukwethemba uhlobo lokudla kwezilwane abaluthandayo uma lukhipha isinqumo sokuhoxiswa. Lokhu kugcizelela ukubaluleka okubalulekile kokugcina ubuqotho bomkhiqizo ukuze kulondolozwe ukuzethemba kwabathengi.Ukuhlaziywa kwengozi okusebenzayo kanye nokwehluleka ezimpahleni zemishiniKubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kakhulu. Lo mkhuba uthuthukisa ukuthembeka komkhiqizo, uhlangabezana nokulindelwe ngamakhasimende, futhi unciphisa izindleko, ngaleyo ndlela usekele ngokungaqondile isithombe somkhiqizo ngokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Izinkinga Zokuthobela Imithetho Nezinhlawulo

Ukungazinaki ukuhambisana koketshezi nakho kuholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zokuthobela imithetho kanye nezinhlawulo ezinkulu.Izimboni zingaphansi kwemithetho eqinile yezemvelomayelana nokukhishwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo, ama-volatible organic compounds (ama-VOC), kanye nezinto eziyingozi. Ukwehluleka ukulandela le mithetho kungaholela ezinhlawulweni ezinkulu kanye nemiphumela yezomthetho.Imithetho eqinile yezemvelo yaseCalifornia, isibonelo, kuvimbela ukuvuza koketshezi olunobuthi noma oluyingozi. Ngisho nokuvuza okuncane eCalifornia kungaba yinkinga ngenxa yale mithethonqubo. Ukukhishwa kwegesi okusabalele kungabangela izinhlawulo ezivela ezinhlanganweni ezilawulayo ezifana neCal/OSHA noma i-BAAQMD. Izinhlangano zemvelo zivame ukugunyaza amazinga athile okuvala kanye nemikhuba yokunciphisa ukulimala kwemvelo.

Ukuhambisana koketshezi kwakha itshe eliyisisekelo lokusebenza okuthembekile kwe-mechanical seal kanye nobuqotho bohlelo. Ukubeka lokhu kuhambisana phambili kuvimbela ukwehluleka okubizayo, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle, futhi kuthuthukisa ukuphepha. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo, ukuhlolwa okuqinile, kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo kubalulekile empumelelweni yesikhathi eside nge-Mechanical Seals. Lokhu kusebenza kuvikela imisebenzi futhi kuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kohlelo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kusho ukuthini ukuhambisana koketshezi ngezivalo zemishini?

Ukuhambisana koketshezi kuchaza ikhono lezinto zokuvala ezisebenza ngomshini lokumelana nokuwohloka lapho zithinta uketshezi oluthile. Lokhu kumelana kuvimbela ukuwohloka kwezinto, ukugqwala, noma okunye ukuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali. Kuqinisekisa ukuthi uphawu lugcina ubuqotho balo futhi lusebenza ngokuthembekile.

Uketshezi olungahambisani lubangela kanjani ukwehluleka kokuvala ngomshini?

Uketshezi olungahambisani lubangela ukwehluleka kwe-seal ngezindlela ezahlukene. Lungonakalisa izinto, okuholela ekuvuvukeni noma ekuqhekekeni kwama-elastomer. Ukuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali nokuqhekeka kwenza izingxenye zibe buthaka. Ukuguguleka nokuguguleka okubuhlungu nakho kwenzeka. Ukonakala kokushisa kwezingxenye ze-seal kunezela ekwehlulekeni.

Kungani ukukhetha izinto ezifanele kubalulekile ukuze uphawu lwemishini luhambisane?

Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele kubalulekile ngoba kuthinta ngqo isikhathi sokusebenza kwesivalo. Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele kuqinisekisa ukumelana nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali nezomzimba zoketshezi. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuguguleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, ukugqwala, kanye nokwehluleka okubi kakhulu. Kuphinde kugcine ubuqotho besivalo.

Yimiphi imiphumela eyinhloko yokunganaki ukuhambisana koketshezi?

Ukunganaki ukuhambisana koketshezi kuholela ekuphuzeni okukhulu kanye nokulahlekelwa umkhiqizo. Kunciphisa isikhathi sokusebenza kwemishini kanye nokukhiqiza. Izinkampani zibhekene nezindleko zokulungisa eziphakeme. Kuphinde kudale izingozi zokuphepha kanye nezingozi zemvelo. Ukusebenza kanye nokuthembeka kwesistimu iyonke kuyaphazamiseka.