Izimpawu Zesexwayiso Zasekuqaleni Ngaphambi Kokwehluleka Kwesivalo Semishini Emaphampu Ezimboni

Kungani Izimpawu Zesexwayiso Zezisimbozo Zokuqala Zemishini Zibalulekile

Ezinhlelweni zokuphatha uketshezi ezimbonini, izivalo zomshini zisebenza njengesithiyo esiyinhloko sokuvimbela phakathi komgodi ojikelezayo kanye nesikhwama sepompo esimile. Ubuqotho bazo bokusebenza busho ngqo ukuthembeka, ukuphepha, kanye nokuhambisana nemvelo kweyunithi yonke yokupompa. Ezindaweni ezibaluleke kakhulu njengokucubungula ama-hydrocarbon, ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla, ukusebenza kwezivalo kulawulwa yimingcele eqinile, evame ukunamathela ezindinganisweni ezifana ne-API 682, edinga okungenani amahora angu-25,000 okusebenza okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokudinga ukulungiswa.

Naphezu kwalezi zindinganiso zokuklama eziqinile, izivalo zemishini zihlala zingenye yezindawo ezivame kakhulu zokwehluleka kumaphampu e-centrifugal, ezibalelwa cishe ku-65% kuya ku-70% wazo zonke izindlela zokulungisa iphampu. Ukuqaphela izimpawu zokuqala zokuxwayisa zokuwohloka kwesivalo akuyona nje indlela engcono kakhulu yokulungisa; kuyisibopho esibalulekile sokusebenza. Ukungenelela ngaphambi kokuba isivalo seqe imingcele yaso yokusebenza kuvimbela ukuphambuka okuncane kwemishini ekukhuleni kube ukwehluleka kwemishini okubi kakhulu.

Lokho okwenziwa uphawu lwemishini emishinini yezimboni

Ezingeni eliyisisekelo,uphawu lomshini luvimbela ukuvuza koketshezingokugcina igebe elilawulwa kakhulu, elincane kakhulu phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili eziyisicaba ngendlela engavamile: indandatho eyinhloko ejikelezayo kanye nendandatho yokuhlangana engaguquki. Lobu buso buhlanganiswe ngendlela yokuthi bukwazi ukubekezelela ukukhanya okungu-2 kuya ku-3, okulingana nama-microinches angu-11.6 kuya ku-17.4. Ifilimu encane yoketshezi—ngokuvamile ephakathi kwama-microns angu-0.5 no-1.5 ubukhulu—ihamba phakathi kwalezi zindawo ukuze inikeze ukuthambisa nokupholisa okubalulekile.

Ngale kobuso bokuqala bokuvala, ukuhlanganiswa kuncike ezitywinweni zesibili ezimile, njenge-elastomeric O-rings noma ama-wedge e-graphite aguquguqukayo, ukuvimbela ukuvuza emgodleni nasesikhwameni. Izinto zokulayisha zemishini, kufaka phakathiiziphethu zekhoyili eyodwa, iziphethu eziningi, noma izimbobo zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe, zisebenzisa amandla ajikelezayo angaguquki ukugcina ubuso besivalo buvaliwe ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwengcindezi enamandla. Zihlangene, lezi zingxenye kumele zivumelane ngokuguquguqukayo nokunyakaza kwe-axial kanye ne-radial shaft encane ngenkathi zisingatha ukucindezela koketshezi okungadlula i-1,000 PSI (69 bar) ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.

Izingozi zokunganaki ukuwohloka kwe-seal kusenesikhathi

Ukungazinaki izinkomba zokuqala zokuwohloka kwesivalo kuletha izikweletu ezinkulu zokusebenza kanye nezemvelo. Lapho ifilimu yoketshezi oluncane kakhulu iphuka noma ubuso besivalo buthola umonakalo womshini, ukungqubuzana okubangelwayo kudala ukushisa okukhulu kwendawo. Lokhu kunyuka kokushisa kungabangela ukuthi izivalo zesibili ze-elastomeric ziqine, ziqhekeke, noma ziphume, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okusheshayo kokuvinjelwa. Ezinhlelweni zokuphatha ama-organic compounds aguquguqukayo (ama-VOC), lokhu kuhunyushwa ekukhishweni okuyingozi okungadlula ngokushesha umkhawulo oqinile we-EPA ongu-500 ppm wokukhishwa okubalekayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuwohloka kwesivalo okungalawulwa kuvame ukuwela emonakalweni wesibili womshini. Isivalo esithintekile sivumela uketshezi lwenqubo ukuthi luhambe eceleni komgodi, kungcolise indlu yokubeka. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukungcoliswa koketshezi lwenqubo okungaphansi kuka-0.002% ku-oyili wokugcoba obekayo kunganciphisa impilo yokubeka ngo-48%. Uma isivalo sehluleka, ukuphambuka komgodi okubangelwayo kuzobhubhisa izingxenye zesivalo ezisele, okungenzeka kulimaze isikhwama sepompo kanye ne-impeller, kuphindaphindeke kakhulu ububanzi bokulungisa.

Indlela ukutholwa kusenesikhathi okunciphisa ngayo isikhathi sokungasebenzi kanye nezindleko

Ukutholwa okusheshayo kokuguguleka kwesivalo somshini kushintsha ngokuyisisekelo iphrofayili yezomnotho yokugcinwa kwephampu. Ukushintsha isivalo somshini ngendlela ehleliwe kuvumela amaqembu okuthenga ukuthi athole izingxenye ngaphandle kokusheshisa izimali futhi kwenza imisebenzi ikwazi ukushintshela emishinini elindile ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukugeleza kokukhiqiza. Ukufakwa kwesivalo sekhatriji okuhleliwe kwephampu yenqubo ejwayelekile ye-ANSI kuvame ukubangela izindleko eziqondile eziphakathi kuka-$1,500 no-$3,500 futhi kudinga amahora amane kuya kwayisithupha omsebenzi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isenzakalo esisheshayo kuze kube yilapho sehluleka sibangela ukuvalwa okuphuthumayo, okunezinhlawulo zezimali ezinkulu. Enqubweni eqhubekayo yamakhemikhali kaphethiloli, ukucima kwephampu okungahleliwe kungabangela ukulahlekelwa kwezindleko zokukhiqiza ezisukela ku-$10,000 kuya ngaphezulu kuka-$100,000 ngehora. Ngokusebenzisa ukutholwa kusenesikhathi, onjiniyela bokuthembeka bangaguquka kusukela ekucimeni umlilo okusebenzayo baye ekulungiseni okubikezelayo, baphinde kabili i-Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) futhi banciphise izindleko zokulungisa umjikelezo wokuphila ngo-30% kuya ku-40%.

Izimo Zenqubo Eziholela Ekwehlulekeni Kokuvala

Izivalo zemishini azivamile ukwehluleka zodwa; ukuwohloka kwazo cishe njalo kuyisibonakaliso sezimo zenqubo ezimbi noma ukuntuleka kwemishini ohlelweni. Isivalo senzelwe ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwengcindezi ethile, izinga lokushisa, kanye nesimo soketshezi. Lapho inqubo idlula ngale kwale mingcele yobunjiniyela, ibhalansi ebucayi yefilimu yoketshezi iyaphazamiseka, okwenza ukuguguleka okusheshayo.

Ukuqonda izinto ezithile ezicindezela ukusebenza ezihlasela izivalo zemishini kuyisinyathelo sokuqala ekuxilongeni ukuguguleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Onjiniyela bokuthembeka kumele baqaphe njalo ukuzinza kwe-hydraulic, ukwakheka koketshezi, kanye nokuqondana kwemishini ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yesivalo ihlala ilungele ukusebenza isikhathi eside.

Ukungazinzi kwengcindezi, ukusebenza okomile, kanye nokugoba kwesisu

Ukungazinzi kwe-hydraulic kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokulimala kobuso besivalo. Lapho iphampu isebenza kude ne-Best Efficiency Point (BEP), ihlangabezana namandla e-radial kanye ne-axial angalingani abangela ukuphambuka kwe-shaft, okuphoqa ubuso besivalo ukuthi buvuleke futhi buvale ngokushesha. Uma i-Net Positive Suction Head etholakalayo (NPSHa) yehla ngaphansi komkhawulo odingekayo (NPSHr), kwenzeka i-cavitation. Ukuqhuma kwamabhamuza omhwamuko kudala amaza okwethuka aphula ubuso besivalo se-carbon noma se-silicon carbide.

Ukusebenza okomile kuyalimaza ngokufanayo. Kwenzeka lapho ipompo ilahlekelwa yi-prime, noma lapho uketshezi lwenqubo luphenduka umhwamuko phakathi kobuso besivalo ngenxa yokungalingani kahle kwemingcele yokucindezela komhwamuko. Ngaphandle kwefilimu yoketshezi olugcobayo, i-coefficient yokungqubuzana iyakhuphuka. Amazinga okushisa kobuso angakhuphuka ngo-150°C (300°F) phakathi nemizuzwana engama-30 kuya kwengama-60 yokusebenza okomile, okubangela ukuhlolwa kokushisa—inethiwekhi yemifantu emincane ebusweni besivalo esebenza njengamathuluzi okusika ngokumelene nendandatho ephikisanayo.

Uketshezi oluqothulayo, olucwebezelayo, noma oluqothulayo

Izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ze-pomped media zithinta kakhulu ubude besikhathi se-seal. Ama-slurry a-abrasive anezinga eliqinile elidlula u-10% ngesisindo adinga inhlanganisela ekhethekile yobuso obuqinile, njenge-silicon carbide vs tungsten carbide, ukuze imelane nokuguguleka oku-abrasive. Uma uketshezi luqukethe izinto eziqinile ezincibilikisiwe ezicwebezelayo lapho zithintana nomoya, amakristalu avelayo angangena emifuleni ye-O-ring enamandla, okubangela ukulengiswa kwe-seal futhi kuvimbele iziphethu ukuthi zingavali ubuso be-seal.

Uketshezi olubolayo luhlasela insimbi yezingxenye zesivalo. Ukukhethwa kwezinto okungalungile kungaholela ekuqhekekeni kwe-pit noma ukucindezeleka kwe-chloride ekuqhekekeni kokugqwala ezimbozweni zensimbi engagqwali ezingu-316 noma eziphethwini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungahambisani kwamakhemikhali nama-O-rings e-elastomeric kungabangela ukuthi zivuvuke ngo-20% kuya ku-30% womthamo wazo wokuqala, noma ngokuphambene nalokho, zinciphe futhi ziqhekeke, kubhubhise umgoqo wesibili wokuvala.

Izinkinga zokufaka, ukuvumelanisa, kanye nokuthambisa

Ngisho neqinile kakhuluuphawu lomshini luzohluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathiuma ifakiwe emishinini eyonakele ngokwesakhiwo. Iziqondiso ze-API 682 zithi ukugeleza komgodi we-radial akumele kudlule amasentimitha angu-0.002 (0.05 mm) Ukufundwa Kwenkomba Ephelele (TIR) ​​ekamelweni lokutywina. Ukugeleza okweqile, okuvame ukubangelwa yizicucu ezigobile noma amabheringi awonakele, kuphoqa izingxenye zesicucu ukuthi zijikeleze ngokuguquguqukayo ngokujikeleza ngakunye, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kokukhathala kwezimbobo zensimbi noma izipilingi.

Ukucindezeleka kwepayipi kungenye imbangela efihliwe. Lapho ukumunca okunzima noma ukukhiya ipayipi kubopha ama-flange epompo ngaphandle kokusekelwa okufanele, ukucindezeleka komshini kuphazamisa isivalo sepompo. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kuphazamisa igumbi lesivalo uma kuqhathaniswa nomgodi ojikelezayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcotshwa okunganele kwama-bearings epompo kwandisa ukudlidliza komshini, okudluliselwa ngqo ebusweni besivalo, okusheshisa ukuguguleka nokuqhekeka.

Izimpawu Ezibonakalayo Zokuwohloka Kwesivalo

Ngenxa yokuthi izivalo zomshini zivaliwe ngaphakathi kwendlu yepompo, abaqhubi abakwazi ukuhlola ubuso bokuvala ngamehlo ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, ukuwohloka kwezingxenye zangaphakathi kuveza izimpawu zangaphandle ngokuthembekile. Ngokusungula izisekelo eziqondile zokusebenza okuvamile, amaqembu okulungisa angabona ukubonakaliswa okungabonakali kokuguga kwezivalo isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukwephulwa okuphelele.

Ukuqapha lezi zimpawu ezibonakalayo kudinga inhlanganisela yemijikelezo evamile yomqhubi, idatha yezinzwa ezenzakalelayo, kanye nokuqonda okucacile kwemingcele yokusebenza eyamukelekayo. Izinguquko kumazinga okuvuza, amasignesha e-acoustic, kanye nokuziphatha kwesistimu yokusiza kusebenza njengezinkomba eziyinhloko zokwehluleka okuzayo.

Ukuvuza okungaphezu kokukhala okuvamile kwesivalo

Kuyiphutha elivamile ukuthi izivalo zomshini zisebenza ngaphandle kokuvuza nhlobo. Ukuze kugcinwe ifilimu yoketshezi olugcobayo, inani elincane loketshezi kumele liwele ubuso besivalo. Esivivinyweni esinempilo, lolu ketshezi luvame ukuhwamuka lapho lufika ohlangothini lomoya, okuholela ekuvuvukeni okungabonakali (ngokuvamile okungaphansi kwamagremu ama-3 ngehora kuma-hydrocarbon alula). Uketshezi olubonakalayo oluphuma endlaleni yesivalo luyisibonakaliso esibomvu esisheshayo.

Lapho behlola ukuvuza, abaqhubi kumele balinganise izinga ukuze banqume ubukhulu bokuwohloka. Ukuguquka kusuka endlaleni eyomile kuya ekukhaleni kancane (amaconsi angu-1 kuya kwangu-5 ngomzuzu) kubonisa umonakalo wokuqala wobuso noma ukuwohloka kwe-O-ring. Ukuconsa okuqhubekayo noma umfudlana oqhubekayo kubonisa ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kokuthintana kobuso noma uphawu lwesibili oluqhekekile.

Ukudlidliza, umsindo, ukushisa, kanye nezinguquko zokudonsa amandla

Ukuphazamiseka kwemishini ebusweni besivalo kuvame ukushintsha izimpawu ze-acoustic kanye ne-vibrating zephampu. Umsindo wokuklabalasa noma "ophumayo" ovela ekamelweni lesivalo ubonisa kakhulu ukuhwamuka koketshezi noma ukusebenza okomile. Njengoba ubuso besivalo bukhuhla ngaphandle kokugcotshwa okwanele, ukungqubuzana okwandisiwe kuphoqa injini kagesi ukuthi idonse ugesi omningi. Ukwanda okuqhubekayo okungu-5% kuya ku-10% kwe-amperage yenjini, kungekho zinguquko ezidingweni zokugeleza noma zekhanda, kuvame ukukhomba ukungqubuzana okukhulu kobuso besivalo.

Ukuhlaziywa kokudlidliza kunikeza isithombe esicacile nakakhulu. Ngenkathi ukudlidliza okunemvamisa ephansi (isivinini sokusebenza esingu-1X noma esingu-2X) kuvame ukukhomba ukungalingani noma ukungalungi, umonakalo wobuso besivalo udala ukukhishwa kwe-acoustic okunemvamisa ephezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungqubuzana okweqile kudala ukushisa. Uma ukuskena kwe-thermographic kwembula ukuthi izinga lokushisa lesivalo sesivalo liphakeme njalo ngo-15°C kuya ku-20°C (27°F kuya ku-36°F) kunesivalo sephampu esizungezile, ifilimu yoketshezi cishe iyahluleka, futhi ubuso buthintana ngqo ngomshini.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwembiza yokugeza, yokucisha, yokugoqa, kanye neyokuvala

Ngobaizimpawu ezimbili zemishini, izinhlelo zokuhlanza, zokucisha, noma zokuvimba (isb., Izinhlelo ze-API 52, 53A/B/C, noma 54) zisebenza njengohlelo lokusekela impilo kanye nefasitela lokuxilonga eliyinhloko. Kuhlelo lokuvimba olucindezelwe lwe-API Plan 53A, uketshezi lokuvimba lugcinwa kungcindezi engu-1.5 kuya ku-2.0 bar (22 kuya ku-29 PSI) ephakeme kunokucindezela kwegumbi lokuvala. Uhlelo oluphilile lungalahlekelwa inani elincane loketshezi lokuvimba ngaphezu kwenyanga.

Uma opharetha kumele bagcwalise kabusha ibhodwe lokuvala kaningi ngaphezu kwesisodwa ngesonto, noma uma uhlelo luhlangabezana nokwehla kwengcindezi okungaphezu kwe-0.5 bar (7.2 PSI) esikhathini samahora angama-24, ubuso bebhodwe lokuvala noma lokuvala busengozini. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ohlelweni lwe-API Plan 52 olungacindezelwanga, ukwanda okungazelelwe kwezinga loketshezi lwebhodwe lokuvala noma ukunyuka okusheshayo kwesilinganiso sokucindezela sebhodwe kubonisa ukuthi ibhodwe lokuvala lihlulekile, okuvumela uketshezi lwenqubo yokucindezela okuphezulu ukuthi lugcwalise uhlelo lwe-buffer.

Indlela Yokuthola Izimpawu Zesixwayiso

Uma uphawu lwesixwayiso selutholakele, amaqembu okulungisa nokuthembeka kumele ashintshe kusukela ekuqapheleni aye ekuxilongweni. Ukuxilongwa okunembile kuvimbela iphutha elivamile lokushintsha uphawu oluhlulekile ngaphandle kokuxazulula inkinga eyisisekelo yesistimu, okuholela ekuhlulekeni okuphindaphindiwe.

Ukunemba kokuxilonga kuncike ekuxhumaniseni izimpawu zomzimba nedatha yenqubo kanye namarekhodi okugcinwa komlando. Ngokuhlanganisa la maphuzu edatha ngendlela exakile, onjiniyela bangakwazi ukubona ukuthi imbangela eyinhloko iwuhlobo lomshini, olusebenzayo, noma oluyikhemikhali.

Qondanisa izimpawu nezimbangela ezingaba khona

Isinyathelo sokuqala ekuxilongeni izimpawu zomzimba ezibonwe ngezindlela zazo zokwehluleka okungenzeka kakhulu. Lokhu kunciphisa okunengqondo kuvumela amaqembu ukuthi alungiselele izingxenye ezifanele zokufaka esikhundleni futhi abhekane nezinkinga zesistimu yokusiza ngaphambi kokukhipha iphampu ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi. Isibonelo, uma uphawu luvuza futhi lushiya ukunqwabelana okukhulu kothuli olumnyama oluncane oluzungeze indlala, ukuxilongwa okuyinhloko ukuhamba komile kobuso bekhabhoni.

Ngokufanayo, uma uphawu luveza ukuvuza okukhulu ngezikhathi ezithile okuzixazulula okwesikhashana, imbangela engaba khona ukuvala i-O-ring ngenxa yokukhungatheka noma ukwakheka kwekristalu, kunokuba kube ubuso bophawu obuphukile.

Sebenzisa idatha yokudlidliza, i-thermography, kanye nenqubo yethrendi

Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuqapha isimo buhlinzeka ngedatha yokulinganisa edingekayo ukuqinisekisa imibono yokuxilonga. Ukuvaleka kokudlidliza okuvama kakhulu, njengobuchwepheshe be-PeakVue, kungahlukanisa amagagasi athile okucindezeleka akhiqizwa ubuso obuthinta isivalo esincane, kuwahlukanise nomsindo wephampu yangemuva. Lokhu kuvumela abahlaziyi ukuthi bathole ukuqhekeka kobuso emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukuvuza kwevolumu.

I-thermography ye-infrared (IR) ibaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ngokumaka i-gradient yokushisa kuyo yonke i-seal gland kanye ne-flush piping, ochwepheshe bangaqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-API flush luyasebenza yini. Isibonelo, ku-API Plan 11 (i-discharge bypass to seal), uma izinga lokushisa lomugqa we-flush lifana nomoya ozungezile kunokuba kube uketshezi lwenqubo, i-orifice cishe ivaliwe, ivimbela ukugeleza kokupholisa futhi iqinisekisa imbangela yokushisa ngokweqile.

Buyekeza amarekhodi okuhlola nokulungisa

Ukunemba kokuxilonga kuncike kakhulu kumongo womlando. Onjiniyela bokuthembeka kumele baphenye i-Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) ukuze babuyekeze i-MTBF kanye nezindlela zokwehluleka zangaphambilini zempahla ethile. Uma iphampu idingauphawu olusha lomshininjalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, futhi imibiko yokudilizwa ikhuluma njalo “ngama-O-rings akhishwe,” ukuxilongwa kuyashintsha kusuka enkingeni yokuqondanisa ngomshini kuya ekucacisweni kwezinto okungalungile (isb., ukusebenzisa i-Viton ekusetshenzisweni komusi okushisa okuphezulu esikhundleni se-Kalrez).

Ukubukeza idatha yenkambiso yenqubo evela ezinhlelweni ze-SCADA noma ze-DCS ngesikhathi esiqondile izimpawu ezivele ngaso okokuqala nakho kubalulekile. Ngokuvamile, ukwehluleka kwesivalo kungalandelelwa emuva ekuphazamisekeni kokusebenza okuthile, njengokulahlekelwa ngokuzumayo kwengcindezi yokumunca, ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo, noma isikhathi lapho iphampu yayisebenza khona ngokumelene nevalvu yokukhipha evaliwe. Ukuhlonza lezi zimo ezingavamile zenqubo kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwehluleka kwesivalo kubangelwe yiphutha lokusebenza kunokuba kube yiphutha lengxenye.

Indlela Yezinqumo Zamaqembu Okunakekela

Uma izimpawu zesixwayiso ziqinisekiswa, ubuholi bokugcinwa kwempahla kumele benze impendulo ebalwe kahle. Inqubo yokwenza izinqumo kumele ilinganise isidingo esisheshayo sokugcina umkhiqizo kanye nengozi yomonakalo omkhulu wemishini kanye nokungalandeli imithetho yemvelo.

Ukusungula indlela yokwenza izinqumo esemthethweni kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukungenelela kusenesikhathi, kuphephile, futhi kuyafaneleka ngokwezomnotho. Le ndlela inquma imizamo yokunciphisa ngokushesha, ihlola ukulungisa uma kuqhathaniswa nomnotho wokufaka esikhundleni, futhi iyalela ukuhlaziywa ngemva kokwehluleka ukuze kuqhutshwe intuthuko eqhubekayo.

Impendulo yokuqala lapho kuvela izimpawu zesixwayiso

Impendulo yokuqala eqondile esibonakalisweni sesixwayiso sesivalo somshini ukuvimbela nokuqinisekisa. Uma ukuvuza kweqa umkhawulo wokukhala okungavamile, opharetha kumele baqinisekise ngokushesha ukuthi izinhlelo zesivalo sokufutha, zokucisha, noma zokuvimbela ziyasebenza futhi zivaliwe kahle. Ukubuyisela umugqa wokufutha we-API Plan 11 ovinjiwe noma ukukhipha umoya ovalelekile egumbini lesivalo ngezinye izikhathi kungaqinisa isivalo esicindezelekile futhi kulibazise ukwehluleka ngokuphelele.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imisebenzi kumele ihlole izingozi zemvelo nezokuphepha. Uma uketshezi luyikhemikhali eyingozi noma evuthayo, futhi ukuvuza kudlula imikhawulo yokulawula yendawo (isb., >500 ppm VOC), indlela yokunquma iqinile: iphampu kumele ihlukaniswe futhi ishintshelwe kuyunithi yokulinda ngokushesha. Uma uketshezi lungengozi (isb., amanzi okupholisa) futhi ukuvuza kuncane, ithimba lingakhetha ukwandisa imvamisa yokuqapha ibe yizikhawu zansuku zonke noma ezisekelwe ekushintsheni ngenkathi kuhlelwa izingxenye ezishintshwayo.

Isikhathi sokulungisa, ukulungisa, noma ukushintsha uphawu

Uma iphampu ingasasebenzi, ithimba lokulungisa libhekene nesinqumo sokulungisa noma sokushintsha.Izimpawu ze-Cartridge mechanicalzisebenza kahle kakhulu. Uma uphawu ludonswa kusenesikhathi—ngaphambi kokuba ubuso bube nemigoqo ejulile noma izingxenye zensimbi zigoqwe ngokushisa—uphawu lungathunyelwa esikhungweni esiqinisekisiwe ukuze lulungiswe. Ukuvuselelwa ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuhlanzwa kwe-ultrasonic, ukufaka esikhundleni se-O-rings kanye nezipringi ze-elastomeric, kanye nokufaka kabusha ubuso be-silicon carbide noma be-carbon endaweni edingekayo ye-2-light-band flatness.

Umkhawulo wezindleko nezinzuzo ezijwayelekile embonini uthi uma izindleko zokulungisa uphawu zingaphansi kuka-60% wezindleko zekhatriji entsha, ukulungiswa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yezomnotho. Kodwa-ke, uma izimpawu zokuxwayisa zakuqala zinganakwa futhi uphawu lube nesigameko esibi kakhulu sokusebenza okomile, izinsimbi zensimbi noma umkhono wekhatriji zingase zibekwe uphawu noma zigobe. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izindleko zokulungisa zidlula kalula umkhawulo ongu-60%, futhi ukushintshwa okuphelele kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka.

Indlela yokuvimbela ukwehluleka okuphindaphindiwe kwesivalo

Isinyathelo sokugcina endleleni yokwenza isinqumo ukuvimbela ukuphinda kwenzeke. Ukufaka esikhundleni se-seal ehlulekile ngaphandle kokwenza i-Root Cause Failure Analysis (RCFA) kuqinisekisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi esikhathini esizayo. Ubufakazi obubonakalayo ebusweni be-seal ehlulekile—njengokuhlola ukushisa, ukuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali, noma ukuhlikihla okunamandla—kumele kuqondise ukuthuthukiswa okuthuthukisiwe.

Uma i-RCFA yembula ukuthi amazinga okushisa aphezulu abangele ukwehluleka, ithimba kufanele lithuthukise uhlelo lokuhlanza, mhlawumbe lishintshe lisuke kuHlelo 11 liye kuHlelo lwe-API 23, olusebenzisa indandatho yokupompa kanye ne-heat exchanger ukupholisa uketshezi ngaphakathi kwegumbi lokuvala. Uma ukuguguleka okunamandla kuyimbangela, ukuthuthukisa insimbi yobuso noma ukufaka i-cyclone separator (i-API Plan 31) ukususa izinto eziqinile kuketshezi lokuhlanza kuzoshintsha unomphela ijika lokwehluleka, kuguqule idatha yesexwayiso sasekuqaleni ibe ukuthembeka kwemishini kwesikhathi eside.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Ukuvuza kwethrekhi, ukudlidliza, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, kanye nokudonsa kwamandla ngokumelene nesisekelo esaziwayo ukuze kutholakale izinguquko ezincane zesivalo ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukwehluleka.
• Hlola izivalo zemishini ngokushesha lapho ukuvuza kushintsha kusuka kumhwamuko omncane kuya ekuconseni, ekufutheni, ezinsaleleni ezicwebezelayo, noma ekuqongeleleni koketshezi olubonakalayo.
• Vikela ukuthembeka kwamabhereyi ngokubhekana nokuvuza kwesivalo kusenesikhathi, ngoba ngisho nokungcola okuphansi kakhulu kwenqubo-uketshezi ku-oyili yokugcoba kunganciphisa kakhulu impilo yamabhereyi.
• Qinisekisa ukufakwa, ukulungiswa, ukuhlanzwa, kanye nokuhambisana kwezinto noma nini lapho uphawu lushintshwa ukuze uvimbele ukwehluleka okuphindaphindiwe okuvela emsukeni ofanayo.
• Sebenzisa umklamo ofanele wesivalo—njengesipilingi esisodwa, i-elastomer bellow, i-cartridge, noma isivalo esiphindwe kabili—ngokusekelwe emsebenzini wephampu, izakhiwo zoketshezi, ingcindezi, kanye nendawo yokusebenza.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala zokwehluleka kokuvala ngomshini ephampini?

Izimpawu zokuqala ezivamile zifaka phakathi ukuvuza okubonakalayo, izinga lokushisa elikhuphukayo legumbi lesivalo, ukudlidliza okungavamile, umsindo ongavamile, ukungazinzi kwengcindezi, ukwanda kwamandla okudonsa, kanye nokungcola ku-oyela wokuthwala. Noma yiluphi ushintsho oluphindaphindayo oluvela esisekelweni esijwayelekile sephampu kufanele luhlolwe ngaphambi kokuba ubuso besivalo noma izivalo zesibili zonakaliswe.

Kungakanani ukuvuza okuvamile okuvela esivalweni somshini?

Ukuvalwa komshini kuncike kufilimu yokugcoba encane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuvuza okuncane kakhulu komhwamuko noma okumbalwa kungaba okuvamile. Kodwa-ke, ukuconsa, ukufafaza, ama-crystallized deposits, noma ukwanda okungazelelwe kokuvuza kubonisa ukuthi ukuvalwa akusetshenziswanga ngaphakathi kwesimo sako.

Kungani izivalo zemishini zihluleka kaningi kangaka kumaphampu ezimboni?

Izivalo zemishini zisebenza endaweni yokujikeleza, ingcindezi, ukushisa, kanye nekhemikhali yoketshezi. Ukungalungi kahle, ukusebenza okomile, ukudlidliza, ukufakwa okungekuhle, izinto zokuvala ezingalungile, noma izinguquko zenqubo kungaphazamisa ifilimu encane yoketshezi futhi kulimaze ubuso bokuvala, okwenza izivalo zibe yinto yokulungisa iphampu njalo.

Ingabe ukudlidliza kungaxwayisa ngezinkinga zesivalo semishini?

Yebo. Ukudlidliza okwandisiwe kungabonisa ukuphambuka komgodi, ukuguguleka kwamabhere, ukugoba, ukungalungi kahle kobuso besivalo. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zimo zingalimaza ngokushesha ubuso besivalo esijikelezayo nesinganyakazi, izitayela zokudlidliza kufanele zihlolwe ngokuqhathanisa nedatha evamile yokusebenza kwephampu.

Kwenzekani uma uphawu lomshini oluvuzayo lunganakwa?

Ukuvuza okuncane kungakhula kube ukushisa ngokweqile, ukuqina kwe-elastomer, ukungcola kukawoyela othwalayo, umonakalo womgodi, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuvinjelwa kwenqubo. Ezinkonzweni eziyingozi, ukunganaki ukuvuza kungadala nezingozi zokuphepha, ezemvelo, kanye nezomthetho.