Indlela Yokumisa Ukwehluleka Kwezivalo Eziphindaphindwayo Ezimpompini Zamanzi Ashisayo

Kungani Amaphampu Amanzi Ashisayo Ebhubhisa Izivalo Zemishini

Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ashisayo kuletha izinselele ezinkulu kakhulu emishinini ejikelezayo. Ngaphezu kuka-160°F (71°C), ukuguquguquka okubonakalayo kwamanzi kuyashintsha kakhulu, kunciphisa ukugcotshwa kwawo futhi kwandisa amathuba okukhanya koketshezi endaweni yokuvala.uphawu lomshini luyahlulekakulezi zindawo kudinga ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuguga okuvamile kwemishini kanye nokubhujiswa okusheshayo okubangelwa ukungazinzi kokushisa noma kwe-hydraulic.

Uma amaphampu ajwayelekile okusetshenziswa esetshenziswa kabusha ekuphekeni kwebhoyila okushisa okuphezulu, ukubuyiselwa kwe-condensate, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zokushisa zesifunda, izindlela zawo zokuvala zivame ukusunduzwa ngale kwemingcele yazo yokuklama. Ukunciphisa lokhu kwehluleka kudinga ukuqonda okujulile kwamandla e-thermodynamic asebenza ekamelweni lokuvala kanye nezindlela ezithile zokwehluleka ezizibangelayo.

Izimpawu ezivamile zokwehluleka kokuvala okuphindaphindiwe

Izinkomba ezibonakalayo nezokusebenza zokwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi zivame ukuvela isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba ukuvuza okubi kuphoqe ukuvalwa kwephampu. Abasebenzi bokulungisa bangase babone ukunqwabelana kothuli lwekhabhoni nxazonke ze-gland, ukukhala ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhathi sokuqala, noma ukwanda kancane kancane kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuvala uma kusetshenziswa i-flush yangaphandle. Lapho i-Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) yesivalo somshini yehla ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-12 kuya kwezingu-18 ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi ashisayo ajwayelekile, kubonisa kakhulu izinkinga zemvelo noma zesistimu ezingapheli kunokuba kube yiziphambeko zezingxenye ezihlukanisiwe.

Ukuhlola isikhathi sokwehluleka kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuvalwa okwehluleka zingakapheli amahora angu-48 kusukela ekufakweni kuvame ukukhomba amaphutha amakhulu okufakwa, ukungahambisani kahle okukhulu, noma izimo zokusebenza okomile ngokushesha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwehluleka okwenzeka ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha zokusebenza kungenzeka kuhlotshaniswe nezimo zenqubo ezishintshashintshayo, ukwakheka kancane kancane kwesikali, noma ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kwe-thermal envelope efanele.

Imiphumela yokushisa, ingcindezi, kanye nomkhawulo womusi

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, kanye nomkhawulo womusi yisona sici esibaluleke kakhulu ekuthembekeni kwesivalo samanzi ashisayo. Njengoba izinga lokushisa lamanzi likhuphuka, ingcindezi yomusi wayo iyanda kakhulu. Uma ingcindezi engaphakathi kwegumbi lesivalo ingadluli ingcindezi yomusi wamanzi ngomkhawulo owanele—ngokuvamile okunconywayo ukuthi okungenani ibe ngu-25 kuya ku-50 psi (1.7 kuya ku-3.4 bar) ngaphezu kwengcindezi yomusi—kwenzeka ukukhanya.

Ukukhanya kungukushintsha okusheshayo kwesigaba samanzi acwebezelayo abe umusi ngqophakathi kobuso besivalo somshiniNgenxa yokuthi umusi awunikezi lutho oluphelele, ubuso bubona ukusebenza okomile ngokushesha, okudala ukungqubuzana okukhulu nokushisa okusendaweni. Lokhu kuphakama kokushisa kubangela ukuthi ubuso buphendukezeleke, kuvuleke igebe lefilimu yoketshezi futhi kuvumele izinhlayiya eziklwebhayo ukuthi zingene, okusheshisa ngokushesha ukubhujiswa kwezindawo ezigobile.

Ukwehluleka kwesivalo uma kuqhathaniswa nezimpawu zokwehluleka kwesistimu

Ukuxilongwa okunembile kudinga ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokwehluleka kwesivalo sokuqala kanye nokwehluleka kwephampu okubonakalayo nje esivaloni. Isivalo somshini ngokuvamile siyisixhumanisi esibuthakathaka kakhulu esihlanganisweni esijikelezayo futhi sizohluleka njengophawu lwesibili lokucindezeleka okubanzi kwe-hydraulic noma kwemishini. Isibonelo, ukugoba okubangelwa ukunganele kwe-Net Positive Suction Head etholakalayo (NPSHa) kudala ukucindezela okunamandla okungaphula ubuso besivalo esiphukile.

Ngokufanayo, ukuwohloka kwamabhere noma ukusebenza kude ne-Best Efficiency Point (BEP) yephampu kudala imithwalo yemisebe eminingi. Uma ukuphambuka komgodi kudlula amasentimitha angu-0.002 (0.05 mm) ebusweni besivalo, ikhono lokulandelela elinamandla lama-springs liyakhungatheka. Kulezi zimo, ukufaka esikhundleni sesivalo somshini ngaphandle kokubhekana nokuguguleka kwamabhere noma ukungazinzile kwe-hydraulic kuqinisekisa ukuphinda ngokushesha kokwehluleka.

Izici Zokuklama Izisimbozo Ezibaluleke Kakhulu

Ukukhetha uphawu olufanele lomshini wamanzi ashisayo kudinga ukudlulela ngale kwezidingo ezijwayelekile zomsebenzi. Ukwakheka ngokomzimba, i-geometry yobuso, kanye nokwakheka kwezinto kumele kumelane nendawo yokushisa ephezulu kanye nezakhiwo zokugcoba ezingezinhle zamanzi ashisayo.

Onjiniyela kumele bahlole amapharamitha okusebenza aqondile—ikakhulukazi izinga lokushisa eliqhubekayo eliphezulu, ukuphakama kwengcindezi yesikhashana, kanye nobumsulwa boketshezi—ukuze bachaze ukwakheka kwesivalo okugcina ifilimu yoketshezi oluqinile, oluqinile ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo zokusebenza ezilindelwe.

Imiklamo yesivalo elinganiselayo uma iqhathaniswa nengalingani

Ibhalansi ye-hydraulic yesivalo somshini inquma ukuthi kusetshenziswe ingcindezi engakanani yoketshezi ukusunduza ubuso besivalo ndawonye. Izivalo ezingalingani ngokuvamile zikhawulelwe ekucindezelweni okucishe kube yi-150 psi (10 bar) kanye namazinga okushisa aphakathi. Ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi ashisayo, amandla okuvala aphezulu esivalo esingalingani akhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu okungqubuzanayo, okunciphisa kakhulu umkhawulo womusi futhi kubangele ukukhanya.

Ngezinhlelo zamanzi ashisayo ezisebenza ngaphezu kwama-200°F (93°C) noma ezingcindezini eziphakeme,izimpawu zomshini ezilinganisiwekuyimpoqo. Umklamo olinganiselayo ushintsha isilinganiso sejometri sobuso besivalo, kunciphisa amandla okuvala amanzi ngenkathi kugcinwa ingcindezi eyanele ukuvimbela ukuvuza. Lokhu kuguqulwa kuvame ukwehlisa ukukhiqizwa kokushisa ebusweni ngo-20% kuya ku-30%, kwandisa umkhawulo wejubane lokucindezela (i-PV) futhi kwandise kakhulu isikhathi sokusebenza kwesivalo emanzini anomswakama.

Izimpawu zomshini ezi-single vs ezimbili

Izimpawu zomshini ezilodwazithembele ngokuphelele oketshezini lwenqubo olupompiwe ukuze zigcotshwe futhi ziphole. Nakuba zingabizi kakhulu, zisengozini enkulu yokuphazamiseka kwenqubo, ukukhanya, kanye nokusebenza okomile. Uma ukuphakelwa kwamanzi ashisayo kuphazamiseka noma kuhwamuka, uphawu olulodwa luzophela ngokushesha. Ukuze kuncishiswe lokhu, izikhungo zivame ukushintshela ezivikelweni ezimbili (ezimbili) zemishini yezimpahla ezibalulekile noma ezishisa kakhulu.

Izivalo ezimbili zemishini zisebenzisa isithiyo sesibili noma uketshezi lwe-buffer ukuze zihlukanise ubuso besivalo noketshezi lwenqubo oluqinile, okuqinisekisa ukugcotshwa okuqhubekayo kungakhathaliseki izimo zangaphakathi zephampu.

Izinto zobuso, ama-elastomer, kanye nokukhetha kwentwasahlobo

Ukukhethwa kwezinto akubekezeleli ezindaweni ezishisayo. Kubuso bokuqala besivalo, ikhabhoni efakwe i-Antimony egijima ngokumelene ne-Silicon Carbide (SiC) noma i-Tungsten Carbide (TC) iyindlela evamile yokuhlanganisa, enikeza ibhalansi enhle yokumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokusinda kokugijima okomile. Ngenkathi i-SiC vs. i-SiC inikeza ubulukhuni obungavamile, isengozini enkulu yokuqhekeka okukhulu uma uketshezi lukhanya futhi ubuso buphela.

Ukukhethwa kwe-Elastomer (O-ring) kubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yengozi yokuwohloka kwamakhemikhali. I-FKM (Viton) isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini kodwa idume ngokudlula i-hydrolysis—ukuwohloka kwamakhemikhali—ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi ashisayo angaphezu kuka-212°F (100°C). Esikhundleni salokho, i-EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) iyi-elastomer ekhethwayo yamanzi ashisayo kanye nomusi, iphatha ngokwethembeka amazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-300°F (149°C). Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiklamo ye-multi-spring engashintshi noma i-metal bellows iyanconywa phezu kwe-single-coil springs, njengoba imelana nokuvaleka kwe-mineral scale building evamile ezinhlelweni zamanzi ashisayo.

Indlela Yokuthola Ukwehluleka Kwesivalo Ngaphambi Kokushintshwa

Ukushintsha indawo ngokungaboniuphawu lomshini oluhlulekilengaphandle kokuthola imbangela eyinhloko kuqinisekisa ukwehluleka okuphindaphindiwe. Inqubo yokudiliza nokuhlola ehlelekile ibalulekile ekutholeni izinto ezithile ezicindezelayo ngomshini, ngokushisa, noma ngamakhemikhali eziye zalimaza indlela yokuvala.

Ngokuphatha uphawu oluhlulekile njengobufakazi be-forensic, onjiniyela bokuthembeka bangahlela amaphethini omonakalo ongokwenyama emuva ezimeni ezithile zokusebenza ezingavamile, okwenza kube lula ukwenza izinyathelo zokulungisa eziqondiwe nezisebenzayo.

Ukuhlola ubuso besivalo, imikhono, kanye nama-O-rings

Ukuhlolwa okujulile kokudilizwa kwegesi kunikeza ubufakazi obucacile bokuthi kungani isivalo somshini sehlulekile. Onjiniyela kumele bahlole ubuso obuqinile bokuqala ukuze bahlole ukushisa—uchungechunge lwemifantu emincane yemisebe evela enkabeni yendandatho yesivalo. Le ndlela ethile yomonakalo iwuphawu lokushaqeka kokushisa, okuqinisekisa ukuthi uketshezi lukhanye lube umhwamuko futhi ubuso bome ngaphambi kokuba bucinywe ngokuzumayo uketshezi olupholile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugoba okujulile noma ukuqhakaza kwendandatho eyinhloko yekhabhoni kubonisa ukugcotshwa okungapheli noma ukuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali.

Izinto zokuvala zesibili kanye nehadiwe nakho kuxoxa indaba ebalulekile. Ama-O-rings abonakala ekhishwe, ethambile, noma ephukile abonisa ukuhamba kwezinga lokushisa okungaphezu kwemingcele elinganisiwe ye-elastomer. Isibonelo, uma i-EPDM O-ring ivezwa emazingeni okushisa asendaweni angaphezu kuka-300°F (149°C), izoqina futhi ilahlekelwe ukuqina kwayo, okuholela endleleni yesibili yokuvuza. Ukugxumagxuma emshafini wepompo noma esikhonkwaneni ngaphansi kwe-O-ring enamandla kukhomba ukunyakaza okukhulu kwe-axial noma ukudlidliza ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

Ukuhlola ukuqondanisa, ukudlidliza, kanye nokucindezeleka kwepayipi

Ubuqotho bomshini wepompo bunquma ngqo isikhathi sokuphila kwesivalo. Ukuqondana okunembile phakathi kwepompo nemoto akunakuxoxiswana ngakho. Ukungalingani kwe-angular okungaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-0.005 nge-intshi, noma ukungalingani okuhambisanayo okungaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-0.002, kuphoqa isivalo somshini ukuthi sibuyisele ngokuguquguqukayo ukujikeleza ngakunye komgodi, okuholela ekukhathaleni okusheshayo kwezipringi noma izimbobo kanye nokuguguleka kobuso ngokweqile.

Ukucindezeleka kwepayipi kungenye indlela ecashile yokubulala izivalo zomshini. Uma amapayipi amanzi ashisayo asindayo, anwetshiwe ngokushisa eboshelwe kuma-flange epompo ngaphandle kokusekelwa okufanele, aphazamisa isivalo sepompo. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kudala ukuphambuka okukhulu komgodi kanye nokuhlikihla kwangaphakathi. Ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kokudlidliza kuyisinyathelo esijwayelekile sokuxilonga; ukudlidliza okuphelele okungaphezu kwe-0.15 in/sec RMS kuvame ukuveza ukuguguleka kwamabhere, ukungalingani, noma izinkinga zokuqaqamba ezilimaza ngamandla ikhono lokulandelela ubuso be-micro-inch yesivalo.

Ukubukeza idatha yokusebenza kanye nezimo zenqubo

Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kumele kuhlotshaniswe nedatha yokusebenza ukuze kwakheke isithombe esiphelele sokuxilonga. Amaqembu okuthembeka kufanele abukeze izitayela zomlando ze-SCADA noma ze-DCS eziholele ekwehlulekeni. Bheka ukunyuka kwengcindezi okungazelelwe, izehlakalo ezingapheli, noma ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa okuhambisana nomonakalo obonakalayo esivalweni.

Kumelwe kunakwe kakhulu amazinga okugeleza. Uma ipompo isebenza njalo ngaphansi kwe-Minimum Continuous Safe Flow (MCSF), ukujikeleza koketshezi kwangaphakathi kusebenza njengebhuleki le-hydraulic, kudlulisela amandla e-kinetic ngokushesha ekushiseni. Ku-volute evalekile, lokhu kungabangela amazinga okushisa koketshezi ukuthi akhuphuke ngo-10°F kuya ku-20°F (5°C kuya ku-11°C) ngomzuzu, kushise amanzi endaweni yokuvala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba izinga lokushisa koketshezi olukhulu liqale i-alamu yokushisa ephezulu.

Izenzo Zokulungisa Ukuvimbela Ukwehluleka Okuphindaphindayo

Ukunciphisa ukwehluleka okuphindaphindiwe kudinga ukushintsha indawo yokusebenza noma uhlelo lokusekela uphawu lwemishini ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uketshezi oluzinzile, olupholile, noluhlanzekile luhlala ebusweni bophawu ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Izenzo zokulungisa ziqala ekuphoqeleleni izinqubo zokulungisa eziqinile kanye nokusebenza kuya ekusebenziseni izinhlelo zokufaka amapayipi ze-API ezithuthukisiwe ezilawula ngenkuthalo i-thermodynamics yegumbi lokuvala.

Ukuthuthukisa ukufakwa kanye nokulungiswa kwegumbi lokuvala

Isisekelo sokuthembeka kwesivalo sisungulwa ngaphambi kokuba ipompo ivulwe. Ukubekezelelana okufanele kokufakwa kumele kuqinisekiswe kusetshenziswa izinkomba zokudayela. Ukugeleza komgodi kumele kugcinwe ngokuqinile ngaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-0.001 (0.025 mm) Ukufundwa Kwenkomba Ephelele (TIR). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugeleza kobuso begumbi lesivalo (isikwele kuya kumgodi) kumele kube ngaphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-0.0005 ngesentimitha ububanzi bomgodi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indlala engaguquki ihlala kahle.

Ukulungiswa kwegumbi lokuvala kuhlanganisa nezinqubo eziqinile zokuvula umoya. Izinhlelo zamanzi ashisayo zivame ukungena emaphaketheni omoya noma omusi avaleleke engxenyeni engenhla yebhokisi lokugcwalisa. Uma igumbi lokuvala umoya lingangenisi umoya kahle ngaphambi kokuqala, ingxenye engenhla yobuso bokuvala umoya izoma ngokuphelele, okubangela umonakalo oshisayo ngokushesha phakathi nemizuzwana embalwa yokuqala yokusebenza.

Ukulawula ukugeleza okuncane kanye nezinqubo zokuqalisa

Ukuziphatha kahle kokusebenza kubaluleke kakhulu njengokwakhiwa kwemishini. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukunyuka okusheshayo kokushisa okuhlobene nokujikeleza kwegazi okuphansi, izikhungo kumele zisebenzise izindlela zokuphepha zemishini noma zenqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ipompo ayisebenzi ngaphansi kwe-MCSF yayo. Ukufaka ama-Automatic Recirculation Valves (ama-ARV) noma imigqa ye-minimum flow bypass ezinikele kuqinisekisa ukuthi umthamo oqhubekayo woketshezi uhamba ngebhokisi, uqeda ukushisa ngempumelelo.

Izinqubo zokuqalisa kumele futhi ziqiniswe ngokuqinile, ikakhulukazi kumaphampu alindile ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi ashisayo. Ukufaka isikhwama sephampu ebandayo emanzini angu-250°F (121°C) kubangela ukuphambuka okukhulu kokushisa okungalingani, okwenza ubuso besivalo bube bungalungile ngaphambi kokuba umshaft uqale ukuzungeza. Izikhungo kumele zisungule izinqubo zokufudumala ezilawulwayo, zisebenzisa amapayipi okudonsa noma imigqa yokufudumala ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa kancane kancane elicishe libe ngu-5°F kuya ku-10°F ngomzuzu, kuqinisekiswe ukulingana kokushisa ngaphambi kokuqala.

Ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuhlanza, zokucima umlilo, zokupholisa, noma zokuvimbela

Uma izinga lokushisa lenqubo lidlula ngokwemvelo imikhawulo yokusebenza ephephile yesivalo, kudingeka izilawuli zangaphandle zemvelo. Izinhlelo Zokuphamba ze-API ziqondisa ukuthi uketshezi luhanjiswa kanjani luye futhi lubuya esivaloni somshini ukuze lunikeze ukupholisa, ukuhlanza, noma ukuvikelwa kwesithiyo.

Ngezicelo zamanzi ashisayo ezinzima, i-API Plan 23 inconywa kakhulu. Ngokungafani ne-Plan 21, epholisa njalo uketshezi olushisayo oluvela ekukhishweni kwephampu, i-Plan 23 iphinda ijikeleze umthamo omncane woketshezi endaweni phakathi kwegumbi lokuvala kanye ne-heat exchanger ezinikele. Lolu hlelo olusebenza kahle kakhulu oluvalayo lunganciphisa kalula amazinga okushisa egumbi lokuvala ngo-50°F kuya ku-100°F (28°C kuya ku-56°C) uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisa kwenqubo yobuningi, isuse ngokuphelele ingozi yokukhanya nokwandisa impilo yesivalo ngokushesha.

Isinqumo Sokulungisa, Ukuthuthukisa, Noma Sokudizayina Kabusha

Uma bebhekene nokwehluleka okungapheli kophawu lwemishini, amaqembu obunjiniyela bokulungisa nokuthembeka kumele ahlole ukuthi aqhubeke yini nokulungisa ukucushwa okukhona, athuthukise imininingwane yophawu, noma aphishekele ukwakhiwa kabusha kohlelo okuphelele.

Lesi sinqumo sincike ekuhlaziyweni kwezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila okunzima, ukulinganisa izindleko zezimali zangaphambilini nezinhlawulo zesikhathi eside zabasebenzi bokulungisa, izingxenye ezishintshayo, kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi komkhiqizo esingahleliwe.

Ukuqhathanisa izindleko zokulungisa kanye nesikhathi sokuvala uphawu

Izindleko zangempela zokwehluleka kophawu lomshini zidlulela ngale kwerisidi yengxenye entsha. Zihlanganisa umsebenzi odingekayo wokudiliza nokufaka, izindleko zoketshezi oluvimbelayo, umthelela wezemvelo wokuvuza, kanye nesijeziso sezimali esikhulu sokulahlekelwa umkhiqizo. Indlela yokulungisa ejwayelekile ivame ukuba umnotho wamanga ezimweni zokwehluleka okungapheli.

Isibonelo, uma uphawu olujwayelekile lwezinsiza lubiza u-$1,500 ukulungisa kodwa lwehluleka njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-6, izindleko zokulungisa eziqondile zonyaka zidlula u-$3,000—kungabalwa isikhathi sokungasebenzi. Lezi zindleko eziphindaphindayo zidlula ngokushesha ukutshalwa kwezimali okukodwa okungu-$4,500 kuya ku-$6,000 okudingekayo kophawu lwekhatriji olukhethekile, olunokushisa okuphezulu oluhlonyiswe ngohlelo lwamapayipi oluthuthukisiwe olunikeza i-MTBF yezinyanga ezingama-36 ethembekile. Ukuhlola Izindleko Eziphelele Zobunikazi (TCO) esikhathini seminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu kuchaza ngokusobala ukuthi isu lokulungisa lingasasebenzi.

Nini ukuthuthukisa imininingwane yesivalo

Ukuthuthukisa imininingwane yesivalo kuyadingeka lapho amaqiniso okusebenza kwephampu ehluka kunqubo yayo yokuqala yokuklama. Isici esivame ukubangela ukuthuthukiswa ukukhuphuka kwenqubo, lapho ukuguqulwa kwesistimu kusunduza kancane kancane izinga lokushisa lamanzi ngaphezu kwencazelo yomklamo wokuqala (isb., ukukhuphuka kusuka ku-180°F yokuqala kuya ku-220°F okuqhubekayo eminyakeni eminingana yokwandiswa kwesakhiwo).

Ezinye izinto ezibangela lokhu kuhlanganisa ukujikeleza njalo kwephampu, okubangela ukushaqeka okuphindaphindiwe kokushisa, noma ukusetshenziswa kwemithethonqubo eqinile yezemvelo nokuphepha maqondana nokuvuza koketshezi. Ukusuka esivalweni esisodwa sezingxenye esingalingani kuya esivalweni sekhatriji esilinganisiwe, ukushintsha kusuka kuma-elastomer e-FKM kuya kuma-EPDM, noma ukuthuthukisa kusuka ku-Plan 11 kuya ku-Plan 23 cooling loop kuyizinto ezijwayelekile nezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa kwemininingwane yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ashisayo okungaphezu komkhawulo wama-200°F (93°C).

Ukwakha uhlelo lokulungisa olubekwe phambili

Ukuxazulula ukwehluleka okuphindaphindiwe kudinga uhlelo lokulungisa olubekwe phambili, olubekwe phambili kunendlela yokusabalalisa. Isigaba sokuqala kufanele sigxile esithelweni esiphansi: ukulungisa ukuhambisana kwephampu, ukuqinisekisa imingcele ye-NPSHa, ukuqeda ukucindezeleka kwephayiphi, kanye nokuphoqelela ngokuqinile izinqubo zokufudumeza iphampu kanye nokugeleza okuncane. Lokhu kulungiswa kokusebenza kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwemali encane kakhulu futhi kuvame ukuxazulula iphesenti elikhulu lokwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.

Isigaba sesibili sihilela ukuthuthukiswa kobunjiniyela kwe-seal uqobo, njengokucacisa ama-geometri obuso alinganiselayo, ukwenza ngcono izinto zobuso ukuze zingabi manzi kahle, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwe-elastomer. Okokugcina, isigaba sesithathu sidinga izindleko zemali zezinhlelo zokusekela ezithuthukisiwe, njengokufaka ama-seal coolers (Uhlelo 23) noma ukushintshela ekucushweni kwe-seal okucindezelwe kabili (Uhlelo 53A) ukuze kusetshenziswe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamandla kakhulu nezishisa kakhulu. Lokhu kukhula okuhlelekile kuqinisekisa ukuthi imali isetshenziswa kahle ukuze kuqedwe unomphela imbangela yokubhujiswa kwe-seal yemishini.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Gcina ingcindezi yegumbi lesivalo okungenani i-25 kuya ku-50 psi ngaphezu kwengcindezi yomhwamuko wamanzi ukuze unciphise ukukhanya kanye nokungasebenzi kahle ebusweni besivalo.
• Phatha i-MTBF engaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-12 kuya kwezingu-18 esebenza emanzini ashisayo njengobufakazi benkinga yesistimu noma yokusetshenziswa okungapheli, hhayi nje ukuvalwa okubi.
• Phenya ukwehluleka zingakapheli amahora angu-48 ukuthola amaphutha okufakwa, ukungalungi okukhulu, ukusetha okungalungile, noma izimo zokusebenza okomile ngokushesha.
• Hlola izimo zokusebenza kwephampu njenge-NPSH, i-cavitation, impilo yamabhere, ukuphambuka komgodi, kanye nebanga ukusuka ku-BEP ngaphambi kokusola uphawu lodwa.
• Sebenzisa imiklamo yesivalo, izinto zokwakha, kanye nezinhlelo zokusekela ezilinganiselwe amanzi ashisa kakhulu esikhundleni sokusebenzisa kabusha izivalo zepompo ezijwayelekile ezingaphezu kwemingcele yazo.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Kungani izivalo zemishini zihluleka kaningi kangaka kumaphampu amanzi ashisayo?

Amanzi ashisayo anokugcotshwa okuphansi kanye nomfutho ophezulu womusi. Uma umfutho wegumbi lesivalo useduze kakhulu nomfutho womusi, amanzi angangena esitofini ebusweni besivalo, okubangela ukugeleza okomile, ukuphazamiseka kokushisa, uthuli lwekhabhoni, ukuvuza, kanye nomonakalo wobuso ngokushesha.

Yimuphi umkhawulo womusi onconywayo wezivalo zemishini zamanzi ashisayo?

Inhloso ewusizo ukugcina ingcindezi yegumbi lesivalo okungenani ingama-25 kuya ku-50 psi, noma ibha engu-1.7 kuya ku-3.4, ngaphezu kwengcindezi yomhwamuko wamanzi. Lo mphetho usiza ukuvimbela ukukhanya ebusweni besivalo.

Ingabe uphawu oluvuzayo luhlala lusho ukuthi uphawu belunephutha?

Cha. I-seal ivame ukuba yingxenye yokuqala ekhombisa izimpawu zenkinga enkulu yesistimu, njengokungena kwe-cavitation, i-NPSH embi, ukuphambuka komgodi, ukuguguleka kwamabhere, ukungalungi kahle, noma ukusebenza okude kakhulu ne-Best Efficiency Point yephampu.

Ukwehluleka kokuvala uphawu kungakapheli amahora angu-48 kuvame ukusho ukuthini?

Ukwehluleka kungakapheli amahora angu-48 kuvame ukukhomba iphutha lokufakwa, ukungalungi okukhulu, ukusetha okungalungile kwesivalo, ukusebenza okomile ngokushesha, noma isimo esibi sokusebenza lapho isivalo singeke sikwazi ukusinda.

Kunini lapho ukwehluleka kokuvala okuphindaphindiwe kufanele kuphathwe njengenkinga engapheli?

Uma uphawu lwe-mechanical MTBF luwela ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-12 kuya kwezingu-18 kusevisi ejwayelekile yamanzi ashisayo, imbangela kungenzeka ukuthi ibangelwa uhlelo lomzimba kunokuba ibe ngokungahleliwe. Buyekeza ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa, uhlelo lokuhlanza, ama-hydraulics epompo, ukufakwa, kanye nesimo somgodi.