Yisiphi Isivalo Sephampu Yokudla Okufanele Usikhethe?

Isingeniso

Ukukhetha izinto zokuvala iphampu yezinga lokudla kuthinta okungaphezu kokuvimbela ukuvuza. I-elastomer efanele noma izinto zobuso kumele zimelane namakhemikhali okuhlanza, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ikhemikhali yomkhiqizo, kanye nezidingo zomklamo wenhlanzeko ngaphandle kokulahla izinhlayiya, ukuvuvukala, noma ukudala izindawo lapho amagciwane angakhula khona. Ukufaniswa okubi kunganciphisa impilo yesevisi, kwandise isikhathi sokungasebenzi, futhi kwethule izingozi zokungcola ezibiza kakhulu ukuzithola nokulungisa. Lesi sihloko sichaza izakhiwo ezibalulekile zezinto okufanele uziqhathanise, izimo zokusebenza eziqhuba ukukhethwa, kanye nokushintshana phakathi kwezinketho ezivamile ukuze ukwazi ukukhetha uphawu lwephampu yezinga lokudla olusekela kokubili ukusebenza okuthembekile kanye nokuhambisana nomthetho.

Kungani Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Zokuvala Iphampu Yokudla Kubalulekile

Ezinhlelweni zokuphatha uketshezi oluhlanzekile,izimpawu zomshinikanye nama-gasket angaguquki ngaphakathi kwephampu amelela ingxenye encane kakhulu yezindleko zokuqala zemishini. Kodwa-ke, lezi zingxenye zinesibopho sokuphazamiseka kwenqubo, okubangela iningi lokwehluleka kwephampu kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi kokulungisa esingahleliwe. Ukukhetha okulungileizinto zokuvala uphawu lwephampu yokudlakuyisinqumo esibalulekile sobunjiniyela esithinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle, ukuthobela imithetho, kanye nokuvikelwa komkhiqizo.

Ngokungafani nezicelo zezimboni lapho ukuvuza kwesivalo kuveza khona ingozi yemvelo noma yemishini, izicelo zenhlanzeko zithwala ingozi eyengeziwe yokungcola kwezinto eziphilayo. Isivalo esibucayi endaweni yokucubungula ukudla asilahlekelwa nje umkhiqizo; sakha indawo encane kakhulu yamagciwane, sibeka engcupheni yonke imikhiqizo futhi sibeka engcupheni izigameko ezimbi kakhulu zempilo yabathengi.

Izingozi zokungcoliswa kanye nokuphepha komkhiqizo

Inhloso eyinhloko yanoma yiluphi uphawu lwephampu lokudla ukugcina isithiyo esingenawo umoya phakathi kwemidiya yenqubo kanye nendawo yangaphandle, kuyilapho futhi kuvinjelwa imifantu yangaphakathi lapho umkhiqizo ungama khona. Ukungapheleli kobuso obuncane, ukuwohloka kwe-elastomer, noma ukungahambisani kwamakhemikhali kungaholela ekuchithekeni kwezinto, kungenise izinhlayiya zangaphandle ngqo ekugelezeni kokudla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-elastomer awonakele angakha imifantu emincane equkethe ama-biofilms. Ukuze kulandelwe imithetho yenhlanzeko, izindawo ezimanzi, okuhlanganisa ubuso besivalo kanye nama-elastomer, ngokuvamile zidinga ubulukhuni bokuphela kobuso obungadluli ku-0.8 µm Ra (32 µin). Uma izinto zesivalo zingachazwanga kahle futhi ziwohloka, ubulukhuni bomphezulu wazo buyanda kakhulu, okuvumela amagciwane anjengeListeria noma iSalmonella ukuthi ahlale ezindaweni lapho izinqubo zokuhlanza ezijwayelekile zingenakuzifinyelela. Ukubuyiswa komkhiqizo okubangelwayo kanye nezijeziso zomthetho kudlula kakhulu izindleko zokuqala zokucacisa izinto zesivalo se-premium.

Izimo zokusebenza ezibangela ukwehluleka kwesivalo

Ukuphila isikhathi eside kwesivalo kunqunywa ukucindezeleka komshini nokushisa kwendawo ethile yokucubungula. Izimbangela ezivamile zokwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi zifaka phakathi ukusebenza okomile, ukugoba, ukushaqeka kokushisa, kanye nokuguguleka okukhulu. Amaphampu okufuduka e-centrifugal kanye ne-positive avame ukubhekana nezimo zokusebenza okomile okwesikhashana ngesikhathi sokuqalisa uhlelo noma izigaba zokukhipha ithangi.

Ukusebenzisa isivalo somshini okomile kungabangela amazinga okushisa obuso besivalo ukuba akhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-150°C (300°F) phakathi nemizuzwana engama-60. Lokhu kuhamba okusheshayo kokushisa kuholela ekuqhumeni okusheshayo kwama-elastomer ajwayelekile kanye nokuqhekeka kokushisa kobuso obuqinile njenge-alumina ceramic noma i-silicon carbide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukupompa imithombo enamathelayo kakhulu noma uketshezi olunezinhlayiya eziningi (njengezinhlayiya zezithelo noma ushukela ocwebezelayo) kuletha ukuguguleka okukhulu, okudinga izinto zobuso obuqinile ezingamelana nokukhuhla okuqhubekayo komshini ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuba yisicaba kwazo okuqondile.

Izinto Zokuvala Iphampu Yebanga Lokudla kanye Nezinketho

Izivalo zepompo zangasese zithembele ekuhlanganisweni kwama-elastomer aguquguqukayo okuvala okungaguquki (njengezindandatho ze-O, ama-bellow, nama-gasket) kanye nezinto eziqinile zobuso be-seal yemishini eguquguqukayo. Ukucushwa okuhle kuncike ekulinganiseni izakhiwo zemishini, imikhawulo yokushisa, kanye nokumelana kwamakhemikhali kwalezi zinto ngokumelene nezidingo zenqubo.

Ama-elastomer avamile: i-EPDM, i-FKM, ne-NBR

Ama-Elastomer anikeza ukuguquguquka okudingekayo ukuze kugcinwe uphawu ngaphansi kwezingcindezi namazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene. I-Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) iyi-elastomer esetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokudla neziphuzo ngenxa yokumelana kwayo okungavamile namanzi ashisayo kanye nomusi, iphatha njalo amazinga okushisa aqhubekayo afinyelela ku-150°C (302°F). Kodwa-ke, i-EPDM isengozini enkulu yokuwohloka uma ivezwa kumafutha ezilwane, amafutha emifino, kanye nezinto zokugcoba ezisekelwe kuphethiloli, okwenza ingafaneleki ukucutshungulwa kobisi noma uwoyela odliwayo.

Irabha ye-fluorocarbon (FKM), eyaziwa kakhulu ngamagama omkhiqizo njenge-Viton, inikeza ukumelana okuphezulu kwamafutha, amafutha, kanye nobubanzi bamakhemikhali, esebenza ngokuthembeka kuze kufike ku-200°C (392°F). Umkhawulo wayo oyinhloko ubuthakathaka bokuchayeka isikhathi eside ezixazululweni zokuhlanza ezishisayo ze-alkaline kanye nomusi omsulwa. Irabha ye-Nitrile Butadiene (NBR), noma i-Buna-N, isebenza njengendlela engabizi kakhulu yokusetshenziswa kwamafutha namafutha kodwa ivinjelwe izinga lokushisa lokusebenza eliphansi kakhulu elingaba ngu-100°C (212°F), okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezinqubweni zokubulala amagciwane ezishisa kakhulu.

Izinto eziqinile: i-PTFE, i-UHMW-PE, i-carbon, i-silicon carbide, kanye nensimbi engagqwali

Ubuso be-seal obunamandla bomshinizidinga izinto eziklanyelwe ukuba zibushelelezi kakhulu, zibe lukhuni, futhi zibe nokungqubuzana okuncane. I-Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) kanye ne-Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene (UHMW-PE) zinikeza ukungangeni kahle kwamakhemikhali kanye nokungqubuzana okuphansi, kodwa azinawo ukuqina kwesakhiwo okudingekayo ekusetshenzisweni okujikelezayo okunomfutho ophezulu noma okunolaka kakhulu.

Kuma-rotary seal adinga kakhulu, i-Carbon Graphite, i-Silicon Carbide (SiC), kanye ne-Tungsten Carbide (TC) yizindinganiso zemboni. I-Carbon graphite inikeza izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokuzigcoba, okwenza ikwazi ukubekezelela izimo zesikhashana zomile, yize isengozini yokuhlaselwa yizinto ezihuzukayo. I-Silicon Carbide iqinile kakhulu futhi imelana kakhulu nokuguguleka kanye nokuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali, kodwa isimo sayo sokuphuka siyenza ibe sengozini yokushaqeka ngomshini kanye nokushisa. Insimbi engagqwali (ngokuvamile engu-316L) ivame ukusetshenziswa ezintweni ezijikelezayo kanye nezindawo zokuhlala ngenxa yokuqina kwayo, yize ingasetshenziswa kakhulu njengobuso obuyinhloko bokugqokwa kwesivalo ngokumelene nenye insimbi ngenxa yengozi yokuqhekeka.

Indlela Yokuqhathanisa Izinto Zokuvala Iphampu Yebanga Lokudla

Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele kudinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele kokubili indawo ye-physicochemical yephampu kanye nezinhlaka eziqinile zokulawula ezilawula izinto zokuxhumana kokudla. Izinto ezisebenza kahle ngokombono womshini zingase zingavunyelwe uma zingenazo izitifiketi ezidingekayo zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabathengi.

Izindlela ezibalulekile zokukhetha izinto ezibonakalayo

Izindlela eziyisisekelo zokukhetha izinto zesivalo zigxile ekuvumelaneni kwamakhemikhali, ukuzinza kokushisa, kanye nokuqina kwemishini. Onjiniyela kumele bahlole lonke uhlobo lwemidiya isivalo esizohlangana nayo, okuhlanganisa hhayi kuphela umkhiqizo wokudla oyinhloko kodwa namakhemikhali anolaka asetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlanzeka. Ubuso besivalo kanye nama-elastomer kumele amelane njalo nezixazululo ze-alkaline ze-Clean-in-Place (CIP) ezinamazinga e-pH asukela ku-11 kuya ku-13, kanye nama-neutralizer e-acidic, ngaphandle kokuwohloka kwamakhemikhali noma ukuvuvukala kwevolumu.

Imikhawulo ye-Pressure-Velocity (PV) ingenye indlela ebalulekile yokulinganisa. Inani le-PV limelela ubudlelwano phakathi kwengcindezi esebenza ebusweni besivalo kanye nesivinini sokujikeleza kwe-umgodi wepompoUkudlula umkhawulo we-PV wenhlanganisela yezinto ezinikeziwe (isb., i-Carbon vs. i-Stainless Steel) kuholela ekushiseni okukhulu kokungqubuzana, okuholela ekushiseni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwefilimu yoketshezi phakathi kobuso besivalo kanye nokwehluleka okusheshayo okuyinhlekelele.

Izindinganiso ezifanele: FDA, EC 1935/2004, USP Class VI, kanye no-3-A

Ukuthobela imithetho akuxoxiswana ngakho ekusetshenzisweni kokudla neziphuzo. E-United States, i-FDA inquma ukuphepha kwezinto ngeKhodi Yemithetho Kahulumeni. Ngokuqondile, i-FDA CFR 21.177.2600 iyalela ukuthi imikhawulo yokukhipha izinto zerabha ezihloselwe ukusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe lapho kuhlangana nokudla okunamanzi akumele idlule amamiligremu angu-20 ngesentimitha-skwele phakathi namahora okuqala angu-7 okukhipha. Izinto kumele zenziwe kusetshenziswa izithako ezivunyelwe kuphela ukuvimbela ukuvuza okunobuthi.

EYurophu, i-EC 1935/2004 isungula izidingo ezibanzi zezinto zokuxhumana nokudla, igcizelela ukulandeleka okuqinile kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Ngezicelo ezibucayi kakhulu, njengemithi ye-biopharmaceuticals noma i-nutraceuticals ekhethekile, isitifiketi se-USP Class VI sivame ukudingeka, esihilela ukuhlolwa okuqinile kwe-in-vivo biological reactivity. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-3-A Sanitary Standards (eyaziwa kabanzi emhlabeni jikelele) ayisho nje kuphela ukwakheka kwezinto, kodwa nomklamo wokuhlanzeka kwesivalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi asinazo imilenze efile futhi singahlanzwa ngokuthembekile endaweni yaso.

Indlela Izimo Zenqubo Nokunakekelwa Okuthinta Ngayo Ukukhetha Izinto Ezibalulekile

Umjikelezo wokuphila kokusebenza kwephampu yezinga lokudla awuvamile ukunqunywa ukupompa okuzinzile komkhiqizo wokudla ngokwawo. Esikhundleni salokho, ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwenzeka ngesikhathi sezigaba zokuguquka, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane eziphoqelelwe yizinhlelo zokuphepha kokudla.

Ukuqondanisa izinto nokushisa, imidiya, kanye nemijikelezo yokuhlanza

Izindlela zokuhlanza endaweni (CIP) kanye ne-Sterilize-in-Place (SIP) zethula ukujikeleza okushisa okunzima kanye nama-oxidizer amakhemikhali anamandla endlini yepompo. Umjikelezo we-SIP uvame ukudalula izivalo zangaphakathi kumusi ogcwele ku-121°C (250°F) imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-45. Lokhu kudinga ama-elastomer anokuqina kokushisa okungavamile kanye nesethi yokucindezela ephansi; ngaphandle kwalokho, ama-O-rings azothamba unomphela, alahlekelwe amandla awo okuvala ama-radial uma ipompo ipholile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-media ngokwayo ilawula ukuhlanganiswa kwe-tribological kobuso be-mechanical seal. I-media eqinile kakhulu noma enamathelayo, njenge-syrups esindayo noma ushokoledi owuketshezi, ingabangela ubuso be-seal ukuthi bunamathele komunye nomunye lapho ipompo ingasebenzi. Lapho iqalwa, i-torque eqhekekayo ingaphula ubuso be-carbon obuqhekekile. Kulezi zimo, inhlanganisela yobuso obuqinile, njenge-Silicon Carbide vs Silicon Carbide (SiC/SiC), ivame ukucaciswa ukuze imelane ne-torque ephezulu kanye nesimo sokukhuhla se-media.

Ukulinganisela impilo yesivalo, ukuhlanzeka, kanye nezindleko

Abaphathi bezikhungo kumele balinganisele izindleko zokuthenga kusengaphambili zezinto zokuvala ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezindleko eziphelele zobunikazi, okuhlanganisa umsebenzi wokulungisa, izingxenye zokufaka esikhundleni, kanye nesikhathi sokukhiqiza esilahlekile. Nakuba izinto ezijwayelekile zingase zanele ukusetshenziswa okuphansi, izindawo zokucubungula okuqhubekayo zidinga izixazululo eziqinile zokwandisa i-Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF).

Ngokuhlanganisa izinto ngendlela efanele nomkhiqizo kanye nomjikelezo wokuhlanza, izitshalo zingenza ngcono ukuhlanzeka ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa impilo yesivalo. Ukuthuthukela ezintweni eziqinile noma i-elastomer engenamakhemikhali kuvame ukuletha imbuyiselo esheshayo ekutshalweni kwezimali ngokuqeda ukungenelela okukodwa kokulungisa okungahleliwe ngonyaka.

Indlela Yokukhetha Nokuqinisekisa Izinto Zokuvala Ezifanele

Ukuqedela ukucaciswa kwezinto zokuvala kuyingxenye nje yenselele yobunjiniyela. Ukuthola izinto zangempela nezihambisanayo nokuqinisekisa ukufakwa kwazo kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile ngokulinganayo ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho benqubo kanye nokulungela ukuhlolwa.

Uma izinto zekhwalithi ephezulu zifanelekile

Nakuba i-EPDM kanye ne-FKM ejwayelekile zimboza iningi lezidingo zokucubungula ukudla, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziqine kakhulu zithethelela ukutshalwa kwezimali ezintweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu njenge-Perfluoroelastomers (FFKM). Ama-O-ring e-FFKM angabiza ngokuphindwe kayishumi kuya kwamashumi amabili kunezilinganiso zawo ezijwayelekile ze-EPDM, okumelela izindleko ezinkulu zangaphambilini. Kodwa-ke, aklanywe ukuze amelane namazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-327°C (620°F) futhi anikeze ukuhambisana kwamakhemikhali okucishe kube yindawo yonke.

Emigqeni yokucubungula eqhubekayo lapho isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe singabiza ngaphezu kuka-$10,000 ngehora ekulahlekelweni kwesivuno kanye nomkhiqizo olahlekile, izindleko zokuqala eziphezulu ze-FFKM noma ubuso be-Silicon Carbide obukhethekile obumbozwe ngedayimane buyathetheleleka kalula. Lezi zinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu zivame ukusetshenziswa ekunikezelweni kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, emigqeni yokupakisha ye-aseptic enamandla, noma izinqubo ezisebenzisa ama-sanitizer e-peracetic acid agxile kakhulu anciphisa ngokushesha ama-elastomers amancane.

Ukuhlola kokuthenga nokuqinisekisa ngaphambi kokufakwa

Uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwezingxenye zempilo lusengozini yokushintshaniswa kwezinto kanye nezingxenye mbumbulu. Ngaphambi kokufakwa,amaqembu okugcina nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithikumele enze ukuhlolwa okuqinile kokuqinisekisa. Lokhu kuqala ngemibiko yokuhlolwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo evela kumhlinzeki, okuqinisekisa ukuthi inqwaba ethile yama-elastomer noma ubuso besivalo ihlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-FDA, 3-A, noma ze-EC 1935/2004.

Izinqubo zokuqinisekisa zidinga izikhungo zokugcina lezi zitifiketi ze-batch okungenani iminyaka emi-3 kuya kwemi-5, kuye ngemiyalelo yesifunda yokuphepha kokudla, ukuqinisekisa ukulandeleka okugcwele uma kwenzeka ukuhlolwa noma ukukhunjulwa komkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqinisekiswa ngokomzimba lapho kutholwa—njengokuhlolwa kwe-durometer (ubulukhuni) be-elastomers kanye nokuhlolwa okubonakalayo kobuso be-seal ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-monochromatic—kuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye azizange ziphazamiseke ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza noma sokuthutha. Ukuqinisekiswa okufanele kuqinisekisa ukuthi imingcele yokuphepha eyenziwe ngobunjiniyela ye-food grade pump seal igcwaliseka ngokugcwele endaweni yokukhiqiza.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Iziphetho ezibaluleke kakhulu kanye nesizathu sokuvalwa kwephampu yebanga lokudla
• Imininingwane, ukuhambisana, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi okufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele
• Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezisebenzayo kanye nezixwayiso abafundi abangazisebenzisa ngokushesha

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Yisiphi i-elastomer esingcono kakhulu samanzi ashisayo kanye nomusi ezimpompini zokudla?

I-EPDM ivame ukuba yisinqumo esingcono kakhulu samanzi ashisayo, umusi, kanye ne-CIP kufika ku-150°C. Kugweme uma kufakwe uwoyela odliwayo noma kunamafutha amaningi, lapho kungawohloka khona ngokushesha.

Ingabe kufanele ngikhethe i-FKM yokusetshenziswa kobisi noma uwoyela odliwayo?

I-FKM ivame ukuba ngcono kune-EPDM yamafutha, amafutha, kanye namakhemikhali amaningi. Kodwa-ke, hlola ukuchayeka ezintweni zokuhlanza ezishisayo ze-alkaline kanye nomusi omsulwa, okunganciphisa impilo ye-FKM.

Yisiphi isimbozo sobuso esisebenza kahle kakhulu emikhiqizweni yokudla ekhuhlayo?

I-silicon carbide iyindlela enamandla yokusebenzisa izinto ezihudulayo njengezinhlayiya zezithelo noma ushukela ocwebezelayo. Inikeza ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kanye nokusebenza okuzinzile kumaphampu ahlanzekile adinga amandla.

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi uphawu lwephampu lokudla luhambisana nemithetho yenhlanzeko?

Qinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezimanzi ziyahlangabezana nezindinganiso zakho zokuthintana nokudla ezidingekayo nokuthi ukuqeda kobuso kufanelekile ngenxa yokuhlanzeka, ngokuvamile cishe ku-0.8 µm Ra noma ngaphezulu. Qinisekisa futhi ukuthi ziyahambisana nomjikelezo wakho wokuhlanza.

Ingabe iVictor Seals ingahlinzeka ngezimpawu zokufutha ukudla ezihambisana ne-OEM?

Yebo. I-Victor Seals inikeza izivalo zemishini ezihambisana ne-OEM nezingena esikhundleni sezinye zezinhlobo eziningi zamaphampu, okusiza amaqembu okulungisa ukuthi aqondanise izinto zokuvala nezimo zenqubo yokudla kanye nezidingo zesevisi.