Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wezindinganiso Zokuvala Zemishini ze-AP|682

Isingeniso

I-API 682 iyindinganiso yokulinganisa yezinhlelo zokusekela izivalo zemishini kanye nezivikelo kumishini yokucubungula uphethiloli, amakhemikhali, kanye negesi, lapho ukulawulwa kokuvuza kanye nesikhathi sokuphumula kubalulekile khona. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ukuthi indinganiso ihlanganisani, kungani izidingo zayo zibalulekile ekuphepheni, ekuthembekeni, nasekulawulweni kokukhishwa komoya, nokuthi ibumba kanjani ukukhethwa kwezivalo, izinhlelo zamapayipi, izinto zokwakha, kanye nokuhlolwa kweziqu. Uzothola ukuqonda okusebenzayo kokuthi i-API 682 isiza kanjani onjiniyela ukuthi bavumelanise amalungiselelo ezivalo nezimo zokusebenza, banciphise ukwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi benze ukusebenza kube okujwayelekile kuzo zonke izikhungo, banikeze isisekelo esicacile sezidingo ezinemininingwane kanye nesiqondiso sesicelo esilandelayo.

Kungani i-API 682 Ibalulekile Ekuthembekeni Kwesivalo

Izinga le-API 682, okwamanje elikuhlelo lwayo lwesine, lisebenza njengencazelo ecacile yeizimpawu zomshinikanye nezinhlelo zokusekela izivalo kuphethiloli, igesi yemvelo, kanyeizimboni zamakhemikhali. Yasungulwa yi-American Petroleum Institute, indinganiso ihlinzeka ngohlaka oluqinile oluklanyelwe ukukhulisa ukuphepha, ukuthembeka, kanye nokuhambisana nemvelo kwamaphampu e-centrifugal kanye najikelezayo. Inhloso eyisisekelo ye-API 682 ukufeza okungenani iminyaka emithathu (amahora angu-26,280) yesevisi eqhubekayo, engaphazanyiswa ngaphandle kokulungiswa noma ukushintshwa.

Ngokubeka ubukhulu, izinto zokwakha, kanye nezinhlelo zokusekela ezingeni elifanayo, i-API 682 inciphisa izingozi ezikhona zokuphatha uketshezi oluguquguqukayo noma oluyingozi. Lokhu kubeka ezingeni elifanayo kuvumela onjiniyela bezitshalo ukuthi basebenzise izixazululo zokuvala eziqinisekisiwe kuzo zonke izinhlaka zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, besungula isisekelo esifanayo sokusebenza kwe-seal yemishini kuzo zonke izikhungo zomhlaba wonke.

Indlela i-API 682 eqondisa ngayo ukukhetha uphawu

Ukuzulazula ezinkingeni zokukhethwa kwesivalo semishini kudinga indlela ehlelekile, enikezwa yi-API 682 ngamashadi okugeleza anemininingwane kanye nezindlela zokusebenza. Indinganiso ihlukanisa ukukhetha ngokusekelwe ezimpahleni zoketshezi, ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa, kanye nemithethonqubo yezemvelo. Isibonelo, lapho uketshezi lwenqubo lubonisa umkhawulo wokucindezela komusi ongaphansi kuka-0.34 MPa (50 psi), indinganiso iqondisa onjiniyela ekubhekeni kobukhulu begumbi lesivalo kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlanza ezivimbela ukuhwamuka koketshezi ebusweni besivalo.

Le ndlela yokunquma isusa ukuqagela okucatshangwayo. Ngokufanisa amandla adonsela phansi, ubuthi, kanye nokushisa koketshezi olupompiwe nezigaba namalungiselelo e-API achazwe ngaphambilini, onjiniyela bokuthembeka bangacacisa ngokuqiniseka izivalo zemishini ezifanele ngokwezibalo nangokombono wohlelo lokusebenza.

Izingozi zebhizinisi zokungalingani kahle kwezisimbozo

Ukuphambuka eziqondisweni ze-API 682 ekusetshenzisweni kwe-hydrocarbon okubalulekile kuletha izingozi ezinkulu zebhizinisi nezokusebenza. Ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko ukuwohloka kwe-Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF). Izimbozo zemishini ezingahambisani nemithetho ezisebenza ezindaweni ezinzima zisengozini enkulu yokuguguleka kobuso ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuphambuka kokushisa, kanye nokuqhuma okukhulu.

Ngaphandle kwezindleko ezisheshayo zokushintsha ihadiwe, ukwehluleka kokuvala kuholela ekuvuvukeni kwenqubo okuyingozi. Ezindaweni eziphoqelela imithetho eqinile yezemvelo, ukukhishwa kwe-volatile organic compound (VOC) kumele kuvame ukuhlala ngaphansi kuka-500 ppmv. Ukudlula le mingcele ngenxa yezixazululo zokuvala ezingaphansi kwezinga elifanele kubangela izinhlawulo ezinkulu zomthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe endaweni yokuhlanza ephezulu noma esitshalweni samakhemikhali singadala ukulahlekelwa komkhiqizo okungaphezu kuka-$50,000 ngosuku, okwenza kube nzima ukonga imali kokuqala kokukhetha uphawu lomshini olungahambisani ne-API.

Lokho Okuchazwa yi-API 682

I-API 682 isungula i-taxonomy ephelele ehlukanisa izivalo zemishini ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwephampu, amapharamitha okusebenza, kanye nokucushwa komklamo. Indinganiso ichaza ngokuqinile ubukhulu begumbi lesivalo, ivumela osayizi abajwayelekile bomgodi osukela ku-20 mm kuya ku-110 mm (0.75 kuya ku-4.3 inches). Lokhu kumiswa kobukhulu kuqinisekisa ukushintshana phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene.abakhiqizi bephampufuthi kwenza kube lula ukuphathwa kwempahla kubasebenzisi bokugcina.

Izinhlobo zesivalo, izigaba, kanye nezisekelo zeziqu

Izinga lihlukanisa izivalo zemishini zibe izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko, libeka izinga lokuhlolwa, imibhalo, kanye nemikhawulo yokusebenza. Izivalo zesigaba 1 zenzelwe amaphampu angewona ama-API 610 asebenza emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nendawo (-40°C kuya ku-260°C) kanye nezingcindezi ezifika ku-2.2 MPa (315 psi). Izivalo zesigaba 2 kanye nesigaba 3 zenzelwe amaphampu e-API 610, aphatha amazinga okushisa aphezulu (-40°C kuya ku-400°C) kanye nezingcindezi ezifika ku-4.2 MPa (600 psi). Isigaba 3 sidinga imibhalo eqinile kakhulu kanye nokulandeleka kwezinto.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-API 682 ihlukanisa izivalo zibe izinhlobo ezintathu ngokusekelwe ezicini zomklamo. Uhlobo A lune-balanced, in-faced inside,uphawu lokucindezela olufana nekhatrijienezipilingi eziningi. Uhlobo B lusebenzisa umklamo wezinsimbi zensimbi, lususa izindandatho ze-O ezishintshashintshayo ukuvimbela ukulenga koketshezi olushisa kakhulu noma olucwebezelayo. Uhlobo C luyisivalo sezinsimbi zezinga lokushisa eliphezulu esinezinto eziguquguqukayo ezingaguquki. Ukuze kufezwe isitifiketi se-API 682, abathengisi kumele bafake lezi zinhlobo zezinsimbi ekuhlolweni okuqinile kweziqu, okuhlanganisa amahora ayi-100 okuhlolwa okuguquguqukayo ngaphansi kwemingcele eyisisekelo eqinile ukuqinisekisa amazinga okuguguleka kobuso kanye nokuvuza.

Amalungiselelo, imisebenzi yokusebenza, kanye nezinhlelo zokufaka amapayipi

Ngale kwesivalo somshini ngokwaso, i-API 682 ichaza amalungiselelo kanye nezinhlelo zokufaka amapayipi ukuphatha indawo yokusebenza kwesivalo. Amalungiselelo anquma inani lezivalo kanye nokuqondiswa kwazo. Ilungiselelo 1 lisebenzisa isivalo esisodwa, kuyilapho Amalungiselelo 2 no-3 esebenzisa izivalo ezimbili ekulungiselelweni okungacindezelwanga kanye nokucindezelwa, ngokulandelana.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi la malungiselelo asebenza kahle, i-API 682 ichaza amapulani ajwayelekile okufaka amapayipi. Lawa mapulani anquma ukuthi uketshezi oluphumayo luyiswa kanjani ekamelweni lokufaka ukuze kulawulwe ukushisa, kususwe izinhlayiya, futhi kulawulwe ingcindezi. Isibonelo, i-Plan 11 ihambisa uketshezi oluvela ekukhishweni kwepompo luye ovalweni nge-orifice, kuyilapho i-Plan 53A isebenzisa idamu langaphandle elicindezelwe ukuze inikeze uketshezi oluvimbekile oluhlanzekile ovalweni oluphindwe kabili lwe-Arrangement 3. Ukuqondanisa kahle umsebenzi wokusebenza nohlelo olufanele kanye nohlelo lokufaka amapayipi kubalulekile ekugcineni amafilimu oketshezi azinzile kuwo wonke ubuso bokufaka.

Indlela Yokuqhathanisa Izinketho Zokuvala ze-API 682

Ukukhetha ukucushwa kwe-mechanical seal okuhle kakhulu kudinga ukuhlolwa okunembile kobuthi be-process fluid, ukusha, kanye nesimo somzimba ngokumelene nezinhlelo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-API 682. Umgomo oyisisekelo ukulawula ukuvuza kwenqubo kuze kube sezingeni eliphephile nelihambisanayo ngenkathi kulawulwa ukushisa kwe-tribological okukhiqizwa ebusweni be-seal.

Nini ukusebenzisa izivalo ezilodwa, ezimbili ezingacindezelwanga, noma ezimbili ezicindezelwe

Uhlelo 1 (uphawu olulodwa) luyindlela evame kakhulu futhi engabizi kakhulu yokulungiselela, esetshenziswa kakhulu eziwuketshezi ezingenabungozi, ezingenabungozi lapho ukukhishwa okuncane okusabalele kuyamukeleka noma kulawulwa kalula. Kodwa-ke, lapho besingatha amakhemikhali e-organic aguquguqukayo noma uketshezi olunamafutha amancane, onjiniyela kumele bashintshele eziwulwini ezimbili.

Ukuhlelwa 2 (okuphindwe kabili okungacindezelwanga) kusebenzisa uphawu lwangaphakathi oluyinhloko kanye nophawu lwangaphandle lwesibili. Umgodi ophakathi kwazo uqukethe uketshezi lwe-buffer olugcinwe kungcindezi ephansi kunegumbi lokuvala—ngokuvamile ngaphansi kuka-0.28 MPa (40 psi). Lolu hlelo luhlinzeka ngokusekela okuphephile; uma uphawu oluyinhloko luhluleka, uphawu lwesibili luqukethe uketshezi lwenqubo. Ukuhlelwa 3 (okuphindwe kabili okucindezelwe) kunqunyelwe uketshezi olunobuthi noma olubulalayo. Kusebenzisa uketshezi oluvimbelayo olucindezelwe oluyi-0.14 kuya ku-0.28 MPa (20 kuya ku-40 psi) ngaphezu kwengcindezi yegumbi lokuvala, okuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuvuza ebusweni bokuvalwa kwangaphakathi kugeleza enqubweni, okuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukukhishwa kwenqubo kwangaphandle.

Ukushintshana ngokulawula ukuvuza, ukuphathwa kokushisa, kanye nokugcinwa

Ukukhetha phakathi kwalezi zinhlelo kuhilela ukuhwebelana okukhulu kokusebenza. I-Arrangement 3 inikeza izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokulawula ukuvuza kanye nokuphepha kwemvelo, kodwa ngokuyinhloko incike ekuthembekeni kohlelo lwayo lokusekela lwangaphandle. Uma uhlelo lwe-Barrier fluid lwe-Plan 53 noma lwe-Plan 54 lulahlekelwa yingcindezi, uphawu lwe-Arrangement 3 luzohluleka ngokushesha ngenxa yokucindezela okuphindiwe.

Ukuphathwa kokushisa nakho kuba nzima kakhulu ngezivalo ezimbili. Ukungqubuzana okuvela kumasethi amabili obuso besivalo kukhiqiza amandla amakhulu okushisa, okudinga izihibe zokupholisa eziqinile. Amazinga okugeleza koketshezi kumele abalwe ngokunembile, ngokuvamile asukela ku-4 kuya ku-15 L/min kuye ngesivinini somgodi kanye nokuqhuba kokushisa kwezinto zobuso (isb., i-silicon carbide uma kuqhathaniswa ne-carbon). Ngenxa yalokho, ngenkathi i-Arrangement 3 inciphisa ubungozi bemvelo, idinga ukubhekwa okuphezulu kokugcinwa, izinsimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kanye nezindleko zokusebenza eziphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Arrangement 1 elula.

Ukuthobela imithetho, Ukuthengwa, kanye Nokuhlolwa

Ukuthola uphawu lomshini oluhambisana ne-API 682 kuyinqubo enzima edlula kakhulu ukukhetha inombolo yengxenye. Indinganiso ifuna imininingwane ephelele, izidingo eziqinile zemibhalo yabathengisi, kanye nezinqubo zokuhlola ezisemthethweni ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho bokusebenza lapho kufakwa.

Imininingwane yemininingwane kanye nemibhalo yomthengisi

Umjikelezo wokuthengwa uqala ngeshidi ledatha eliphelele le-API 682. Onjiniyela bokuthembeka kumele bagcwalise le dokhumenti ngamapharamitha enqubo aqondile, kufaka phakathi amandla adonsela phansi athile oketshezi, ingcindezi enkulu yokuvala eguquguqukayo, amaphrofayili e-viscosity, kanye nobukhulu be-casing yephampu. Ukweqiwa noma ukulinganisa eshidini ledatha kuvame ukuholela ekuhlulekeni kokuvalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Abathengisi kudingeka banikeze iphakheji ejwayelekile yokudweba nokufaka idatha kubathengisi (VDD). Lokhu kufaka phakathi imidwebo ejwayelekile (GA), ama-Bills of Materials (BOMs) anemininingwane, kanye nezinhlelo zokusekela uphawu olusizayo. Ngenxa yobunjiniyela obuqinile kanye nokuqapha imibhalo okudingekayo, izikhathi zokuhola zezimpawu zomshini zesigaba sesi-3 ezibhalwe ngokugcwele zingasukela emavikini ayi-12 kuya kwayi-16. Ukulandeleka kwezinto nakho kubaluleke kakhulu; izingxenye ezibalulekile zivame ukudinga isitifiketi sezinto ze-EN 10204 Type 3.1 ukuqinisekisa izakhiwo zensimbi ngokumelene noketshezi lwenqubo ebolile.

Ukuhlola, ukuhlola, ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto, kanye nokuqaliswa kokusebenza

Ngaphambi kokuba uphawu lomshini luphume endaweni yokukhiqiza, i-API 682 inquma izindlela ezithile zokuhlola nokuhlola. Ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic kwe-seal gland kuyimpoqo, okudinga ukuthi ingxenye imelane nengcindezi yokusebenza evumelekile ngokuphindwe ka-1.5 (MAWP) okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngaphandle kokuguquka noma ukuvuza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa komoya kwekhatriji yesivalo semishini ehlanganiswe ngokuphelele kuyindlela ejwayelekile. I-assembly icindezelwa ibe yi-0.17 MPa (25 psi) ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho be-O-rings kanye nokuxhumana kobuso besivalo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza endaweni, izindlela zokuhlola ziyashintsha ziye ekuqinisekiseni ukuhambisana kwezinhlelo zamapayipi angaphandle, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ukucindezela koketshezi oluvimbelwe kususwe kahle ekucindezelweni kwebhokisi lokugcwala lephampu, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinsimbi (ezifana nama-pressure transmitters ku-Plan 53B accumulator) zilinganiswe kahle.

Indlela Yokwenza Isinqumo Esingcono Se-API 682

Ukuthuthukisa isu lokuvala ngomshini ngaphansi kwe-API 682 kudinga ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila (i-LCC). Abenzi bezinqumo kumele balinganisele izindleko zokuqala zenhlokodolobha (i-CAPEX) nezindleko zokusebenza zesikhathi eside (i-OPEX), bahlole izikhathi zokulungisa, izindleko zokuphatha isitokwe, kanye namathuba ezibalo okwehluleka.

Izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokufanisa amazinga nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza

Isinyathelo esiwusizo kakhulu sokufanisa izindinganiso ze-API 682 nezidingo zesicelo ukumaka ngokucophelela umkhawulo othile wamandla adonsela phansi kanye nomfutho womusi woketshezi lwenqubo. Ukucacisa ngokweqile uphawu kuyiphutha elivamile nelibizayo. Isibonelo, ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo uphawu lweSigaba 3 ukuze kusetshenziswe uhlelo olulinganiselwe kunikeza izindleko zobunjiniyela ezingadingekile, njengoba uphawu lweSigaba 3 luvame ukubiza iphrimiyamu yezindleko engu-25% kuya ku-40% uma kuqhathaniswa nokulingana kweSigaba 2 ngenxa yezidingo eziningi zeziqu kanye nokuhlolwa.

Onjiniyela kufanele bahlole isidingo sangempela samalungiselelo ayinkimbinkimbi asekelwe emithethweni yemvelo kanye nobuthi boketshezi. Ukusebenzisa amaphepha edatha ajwayelekile kuqinisekisa ukuthi abathengisi bacaphuna izixazululo ezifanayo, okuvumela amaqembu okuthenga ukuthi ahlole izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe kunokuba ahlole izindleko zokuqala eziphansi kakhulu.

Ukulinganisela ukuthobela imithetho, ukuthembeka, kanye nezindleko

Ukufeza umgomo oyisisekelo we-API 682 wamahora angu-26,280 we-MTBF kudinga umbono ophelele wohlelo lokupompa. Ngenkathi izivalo zemishini ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zingabonakala zidingeka ekusetshenzisweni kwe-edge-case, ukwehluleka ukwenza ngokwezifiso ukucushwa kwe-API ejwayelekile noma nini lapho kungenzeka kuveza izinzuzo ezibalulekile zokusebenza. Izivalo ze-cartridge ezijwayelekile zinciphisa izindleko zokuphatha isitokwe, zivumela ubungako be-oda elincane (ama-MOQ) eyunithi eyodwa, futhi zisheshisa kakhulu izikhathi zokuhola zokufaka esikhundleni ngesikhathi sokungasebenzi kahle okungahleliwe.

Ekugcineni, isinqumo esingcono se-API 682 yilesi esiphatha uphawu lwemishini kanye nohlelo lwayo lokusekela njengeyunithi ehlanganisiwe. Ngokulinganisa izidingo zokuthobela imithetho eqinile ngokumelene nezidingo zangempela zokuthembeka zenqubo,izikhungo zezimbonikunganciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi okubalekayo, kuvikele izimpahla zemishini ezijikelezayo, futhi kufezwe imijikelezo yokulungisa engabizi kakhulu nebikezelwayo.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Iziphetho ezibaluleke kakhulu kanye nesizathu se-Mechanical Seal
• Imininingwane, ukuhambisana, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi okufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele
• Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezisebenzayo kanye nezixwayiso abafundi abangazisebenzisa ngokushesha

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Iyini i-API 682 ezimpahleni zomshini?

I-API 682 iyindinganiso eyinhloko yezivalo zemishini nezinhlelo zokusekela ezisetshenziswa kumaphampu kusevisi kawoyela, igesi, namakhemikhali. Isiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha, ukuthembeka, kanye nokulawula ukukhishwa kwegesi.

I-API 682 isiza kanjani ekukhetheni uphawu olufanele lomshini?

Ifanisa uhlobo lwesivalo, ukuhlelwa, kanye nohlelo lokuhlanza nezakhiwo zoketshezi, ingcindezi, kanye nokushisa. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuqagela futhi kusiza amaqembu okulungisa ukukhetha ukusethwa kwesivalo okuqinisekisiwe.

Yiziphi izigaba eziyinhloko ze-API 682 seal?

Isigaba 1 sifanelana namaphampu amaningi angewona ama-API 610, kuyilapho Izigaba 2 no-3 zenzelwe imisebenzi enzima ye-API 610. Izigaba eziphakeme zivame ukudinga ukuhlolwa okuqinile, ukulawulwa kwezinto, kanye nokubhalwa kwemibhalo.

Ingabe i-Victor Seals ingahlinzeka ngezimbobo zokufaka esikhundleni ezihlobene ne-API 682?

Yebo. I-Victor Seals ikhiqiza izinhlobo eziningi zezimpawu zomshini kanye nezinguquko ezihambisana ne-OEM zezinhlobo eziningi zephampu, isekela izidingo zokulungiswa nokugcinwa kwephampu yezimboni.

Kungani ukuthobela i-API 682 kubalulekile kumaphampu okuhlanza kanye namakhemikhali?

Ukuthobela imithetho efanele kunciphisa ingozi yokuvuza, kuthuthukisa impilo yokuvala, futhi kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe. Kubaluleke kakhulu eziphuzweni eziyingozi, ezivuthayo, noma ezishisa kakhulu lapho izindleko zokwehluleka ziphezulu khona.