I-Metal Bellow noma i-Elastomer Bellow Seal: Indlela Yokunquma

Isingeniso

Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-metal bellows seal kanye ne-elastomer bellows seal kuthinta okungaphezu kokulingana noma intengo: kunquma ukuthi iphampu iphatha kahle kangakanani ukushisa, ukuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali, ukunyakaza kwe-shaft, kanye nezikhawu zesevisi ezinde. Lesi sihloko sichaza umehluko osebenzayo phakathi kwalezi zakhiwo ezimbili, sigxile ekutheni i-mechanical seal ye-mechanical bellows yensimbi iletha izinzuzo ezicacile ngokususa amaphuzu okwehluleka ahlobene ne-elastomer. Uzofunda ukuthi yiziphi izimo zokusebenza ezivumelana nenketho ngayinye, ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko zokusebenza okufanele uzilindele, nokuthi ungahlola kanjani ukuthembeka, izidingo zokulungisa, kanye nezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila ngaphambi kokwenza ukukhetha.

Indlela Yokuhlola I-Metal Bellows Mechanical Seal

Ukukhetha ubuchwepheshe bokuvala obufanele kuyisinqumo esibalulekile sobunjiniyela esinquma ukuthembeka, ukuphepha, kanye nezikhawu zokugcinwa kwemishini ejikelezayo yezimboni. Esiphakathini salesi sinqumo ukukhetha phakathi kwezimbozo zendabuko ezisekelwe ku-elastomer kanyeuphawu lomshini lwensimbi olusebenzisa izinsimbiNakuba ama-elastomer esebenza kahle ezindleleni ezijwayelekile, izindawo zezimboni ezinzima zidinga ikhambi eliqinile.

I-metal bellows seal ithatha indawo ye-dynamic secondary sealing element—ngokuvamile i-elastomer O-ring—nge-metallic core eqhubekayo neguquguqukayo. Lolu shintsho oluyisisekelo ekwakhiweni lususa ubuthakathaka obuhambisana nokuwohloka kwe-elastomer, lunikeza inzuzo ehlukile yomshini ezimweni ezithile zokuphathwa koketshezi.

Kungani ukukhetha kuthinta ukuthembeka kanye nezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila

Ubudlelwano phakathiukukhetha uphawu lomshinikanye nokuthembeka kwesitshalo isikhathi eside akunakugcizelelwa ngokweqile. Ezindaweni zenqubo ezidinga kakhulu, ukwehluleka kokuvala okwenziwa ngomshini kubala cishe u-70% wesikhathi sokungasebenzi kwephampu. Ukuthuthukela kumklamo wezinsimbi zensimbi kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinemidiya enamandla kungashintsha kakhulu i-Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF).

Isibonelo, amaphampu e-centrifugal asebenza ezindaweni zokuhlanza ezishisa kakhulu avame ukubona uphawu lwe-pusher MTBF luma ezinyangeni eziyi-12 kuya kweziyi-18 ngenxa yokuqina kwe-elastomer. Ngokushintshela kuphawu lomshini lwe-mechanical bellows oluchazwe kahle, izikhungo zivame ukwandisa i-MTBF ibe ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezingama-36 kuya kwezingama-60. Nakuba izindleko zokuqala zeyunithi ye-metal bellows ziphakeme, izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila (i-LCC) zehla ngokushesha lapho kubhekwa ukususwa kokuphazamiseka okungahleliwe, ukunciphisa umsebenzi wokulungisa, kanye nesidingo esingekho sokushintsha imikhono yeshaft.

Indlela izimo zokusebenza ezithinta ngayo ukukhetha uphawu

Amapharamitha okusebenza—ikakhulukazi izinga lokushisa, ulaka lwamakhemikhali, kanye nokuthamba koketshezi—yizona zinto eziyinhloko ezibangela ukukhethwa kwezisimbiso. Ama-fluoroelastomer ajwayelekile (i-FKM) noma ama-perfluoroelastomer (i-FFKM) ngokuvamile abonisa ukuwohloka kokushisa noma ukuphuma lapho amazinga okushisa okusebenza okuqhubekayo edlula u-200°C kuya ku-260°C (392°F kuya ku-500°F).

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimbobo zensimbi ezishiselwe ngomphetho ezakhiwe ngama-alloy asebenza kahle zingamelana kahle namazinga okushisa okusebenza aqhubekayo angaphezu kuka-400°C (750°F) ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubuqotho besakhiwo noma ukucindezeleka kwentwasahlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zokusebenza ngakolunye uhlangothi zilawula izinketho ezifanayo; izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-cryogenic ezisebenza phansi ku--75°C (-103°F) zibangela ama-elastomer ukuba aqhekeke futhi aqhekeke, okwenza izimbobo zensimbi zibe yisinqumo sobunjiniyela kuphela esisebenzayo sokulayisha ubuso okuzinzile.

Izimbozo Zensimbi vs Izimbozo Zemishini Zokucindezela

Ukuze benze imininingwane enolwazi, onjiniyela kumele baqonde umehluko wemishini phakathi kwezimbobo zokucindezela kanye nezimbobo zensimbi ezingewona ama-pusher. Isimbobo sokucindezela sisebenzisa i-elastomer yesibili enamandla okumele ihambe, noma "icindezele," eceleni komshafti wepompo noma umkhono ukuze kulungiswe ukuguguleka kobuso besimbobo kanye nokwanda kokushisa. Isimbobo sensimbi esingewona ama-pusher ngokwemvelo siwumklamo ongasi-pusher.

Ekulungiselelweni okungewona okucindezelayo, iyunithi ye-bellows ngokwayo ivalwe ngokuqinile kushaft noma esikhaleni, ngokuvamile nge-static O-ring noma i-graphite wedge. Konke ukunyakaza kwe-axial okudingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukuxhumana kobuso kumuncwa ukugoba kwe-metallic convolutions, okuqeda ngokuphelele isidingo sokuthi i-elastomer ishelele ngokuguquguqukayo.

Indlela umklamo ngamunye odala ngayo ukuguquguquka nokulayisha ubuso

Imiklamo ye-Pusher ithembele eziphethwini zekhoyili eyodwa noma eziningi ukuze inikeze amandla okuvala adingekayo omshini ebusweni besivalo. Njengoba i-O-ring enamandla ishelela ukuze igcine lokhu kulayisha, izinhlayiya zingakhelana emshafini, okubangela ukuthi i-elastomer ilenga. Lokhu kulenga kuholela ekuhlukaneni kobuso nokuvuza okusheshayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunyakaza okuncane okuqhubekayo kwe-O-ring enamandla ngokumelene nobuso bensimbi kuvame ukuholela ekuqhumeni okukhulu komshafini.

I-mechanical seal yensimbi egobhozayo ixazulula lezi zinkinga ngokuletha umthwalo wobuso ofanayo, ongu-360-degree ngqo ngokusebenzisa i-metallic convolutions. Ngenxa yokuthi akukho ukushelela okuguquguqukayo kwe-elastomer yesibili, i-shaft fretting isuswa ngokuphelele. Ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo komfutho wentwasahlobo kunciphisa nokuphambuka kobuso bendawo, kugcina igebe lokuvala elithambile ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okushintshashintshayo.

Yimiphi imikhawulo yokusebenza ebaluleke kakhulu

Ukuqonda imikhawulo yokusebenza eqondile yalezi zakhiwo zombili kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukwehluleka kwephampu okuyinhlekelele. Ukuqina kanye nokuhlushwa kwezinhlayiya kuyizinto ezisindayo kakhulu. Iziphethu ze-pusher seal zisengozini enkulu yokuvaleka lapho uketshezi ludlula i-1,500 cSt noma lapho izinto eziqinile ezilengayo ziqongelela emaphaketheni entwasahlobo.

Ngenxa yokuthi izinsimbi zensimbi azinazo izikhwama zentwasahlobo eziqinile, zisingatha ukuqina okufika ku-3,000 cSt ngaphambi kokudinga ukulungiswa okukhethekile. Uma zihlelwe njengezinsimbi ezijikelezayo, amandla e-centrifugal aphonsa ngenkuthalo izinhlayiya kude ne-convolutions, okuhlinzeka ngomphumela wokuzihlanza ongenakukwazi ukukopishwa yizimbotshana ezicindezelayo.

Izindlela Eziyinhloko Zokuqhathanisa Isivalo

Ukuqhathanisa izinhlobo zezimpawu kudinga ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kwemingcele yokusebenza, imiphumela yezomnotho, kanye nezindinganiso zokuthobela imvelo. Amaqembu obunjiniyela kumele alinganise amakhono okusebenza ngokushesha ngokumelene nomphumela wokusebenza kwesikhathi eside wemishini.

Nakuba izinsimbi zensimbi zisebenza kahle ezimweni ezinzima, ukukhethwa kwazo kumele kuqinisekiswe ngokuqhathanisa izindlela eziqinile, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe buhambisana nezidingo zenqubo kanyeamasu okunakekela izitshalo.

Indlela yokuqhathanisa izici zokusebenza

Ukuqhathaniswa kokusebenza kuncike kakhulu emikhawulweni yokucindezela kanye nesivinini somgodi. Ama-pusher seal, ikakhulukazi lawo anemiklamo elinganiselayo, anekhono kakhulu ekusingatheni ukucindezeleka okukhulu, avame ukulinganiselwa ezindaweni ezingaphezu kwe-100 bar (1,450 psi). Izimbobo zensimbi, yize ziguquguquka kakhulu, zibhekene nemikhawulo yesakhiwo maqondana nokucindezela.

Izimbobo zensimbi ezijwayelekile ezibunjwe ngendlela evamile zivame ukukhawulelwa ekucindezelweni okungaba yibha engu-20 (290 psi). Izimbobo zensimbi ezishiselwe ngomphetho ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zingandisa lo mkhawulo ufike kubha engu-69 (1,000 psi), kodwa zihlala zizwela kakhulu ekucindezelweni kunezimbobo zokucindezela ezisindayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa isivinini somgodi, izimbobo zensimbi ezisezingeni eliphezulu zingasebenza kahle ngesivinini sobuso esifika ku-25 m/s, okwenza zincintisane kakhulu ngobukhulu bephampu ye-API ejwayelekile.

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela izindleko kanye nomjikelezo wokuphila okufanele uzibukeze

Ukuhlaziywa kwezindleko kumele kushintshe kusuka embonweni we-CapEx kuphela kuye kumodeli wezindleko eziphelele zobunikazi (i-TCO). Izindleko zokuqala zokuthenga ze-mechanical seal yensimbi ehlanganisiwe ngokugoqeka ngokuvamile ziphakeme ngo-2.0x kuya ku-3.0x kune-standard elastomer pusher seal ngenxa ye-metallurgy eyinkimbinkimbi kanye ne-precision welding edingekayo.

Kodwa-ke, izici zomjikelezo wokuphila zinciphisa ngokushesha le phrimiyamu yokuqala. Ngokususa isidingo sokushintsha ama-fretted pump shafts noma imikhono yokuvikela—okungabiza ngaphezu kuka-$2,000 ngokulungiswa ngakunye kuma-API pump amakhulu—nangokwandisa i-MTBF ngeminyaka eminingana, imbuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali (ROI) yokuthuthukiswa kwensimbi ivame ukutholakala ezinyangeni zokuqala ezingu-12 kuya kwezingu-18 zokusebenza.

Lapho izidingo zokuthobela imithetho zithinta khona ukukhetha

Imithethonqubo yezemvelo idlala indima enkulu ekukhetheni uphawu, ikakhulukaziimikhakha yamakhemikhali kanye ne-petrochemicalIzikhungo kumele zihambisane nezindinganiso eziqinile zokukhishwa komoya ongcolile, njenge-EPA Method 21, evame ukuphoqelela ukuthi ukuvuza kwemishini kuhlale ngaphansi kwezingxenye ezingu-500 ngesigidi (ppm) zamakhemikhali e-volatile organic (VOCs).

Izivalo zensimbi ezigobhozayo zithandwa kakhulu emasu okuhambisana nemithetho ngoba zisusa i-O-ring enamandla, okuyindawo evamile yokuhluleka kokukhishwa kwegesi okubalekayo. Ezisetshenzisweni zokuhlanza ezilawulwa amazinga e-API 682, izivalo zohlobo B (zensimbi ezigobhozayo) zichazwe ngokucacile ngezinsizakalo zeSigaba 2 kanye neSigaba 3 zokushisa okuphezulu, okuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemigomo yezemvelo kanye nezindinganiso zokuphepha zomhlaba wonke.

Umhlahlandlela Wokukhetha Nokuthola Izinto Okusebenza Kahle

Ukushintsha kusuka ekukhetheni okungokwemfundiso kuya ekutholeni okusebenzayo kudinga indlela ehlelekile. Ukuthola uphawu lwensimbi olusebenzisa imishini akuyona into yokuthengiselana ngempahla; kudinga ukuxhumana okunembile kobunjiniyela phakathi kwethimba lokuthembeka kwesitshalo kanye nethimba.umenzi wezimpawu.

Inqubo yokuhlola eqinile kanye neyokufaneleka iqinisekisa ukuthi uphawu olulethiwe luzosebenza ku-MTBF yalo ecacisiwe, kuvinjelwe ukusetshenziswa kabi okubizayo.

Iyiphi inqubo yokuhlola okufanele isetshenziswe

Inqubo yokuhlola kumele iqale ngokuhlaziywa okubanzi koketshezi kanye nohlelo. Onjiniyela kumele babhale phansi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuqondile, okuhlanganisa nezinto ezilandelanayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwensimbi. Ukupompa uketshezi olunenani elilinganayo lama-chloride kungabangela ukuqhekeka kokugqwala kokucindezeleka ezimbozweni zensimbi engagqwali ezijwayelekile zochungechunge lwama-300.

Okulandelayo, imvilophu yokufaka isicelo kumele ichazwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlela amazinga okushisa aphansi naphezulu okusebenza, ukucindezela okuqhubekayo nokwesikhashana, kanye nephesenti lezinto eziqinile ezilengisiwe. Kuphela ngemva kokuba le mvilophu isimisiwe lapho ukuhlunga kufanele kushintshele ekukhetheni uhlobo lokwakhiwa kwe-bellows—ukukhetha phakathi kwe-bellows eyenziwe ngezicelo eziphansi noma i-bellows ehlanganisiwe ukuze kusebenze kahle kakhulu.

Yimiphi imininingwane yemininingwane evame ukuphuthelwa

Imininingwane eminingana ebalulekile yokucacisa ivame ukunganakwa ngesikhathi sokuthenga, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kokukhathala ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Enye imininingwane enjalo ubukhulu bepuleti le-bellows. Amapuleti ajwayelekile ahlanganiswe ngomphetho aqala ku-0.10 mm kuya ku-0.15 mm ubukhulu. Ukucacisa ipuleti elijiyile (isb., 0.20 mm) kwandisa izinga lokucindezela kodwa kunciphisa kakhulu ukuguquguquka kwe-axial, okudinga ukubalwa kabusha okunembile kwamandla okulayisha ubuso.

Ukukhetha i-alloy kungenye into engavamile ukuphuthelwa. Ukushintsha i-AM350 kungasindisa izindleko kusengaphambili, kodwa ukuthuthukela ku-Alloy C-276 noma i-Inconel 718 kuyimpoqo uma ubhekene nokugqwala okukhulu noma amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-315°C. Ukwehluleka ukucacisa i-metallurgy efanele ye-chemical ethile yoketshezi kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokuqhekeka kwe-bellows ekuqaleni.

Indlela yokufanelekela abahlinzeki nabathengisi

Ukufanelekela umthengisi ukuthola izinsimbi zensimbi kudinga ukuhlola amakhono abo okukhiqiza nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi. Abathengi kufanele bagunyaze isitifiketi se-ISO 9001 futhi bacele imibhalo yokuhlolwa kwensimbi ngaphakathi endlini. Ngenxa yokuthi inqubo yokushisela emaphethelweni ihilela izinkulungwane zama-micro-welds, umthengisi kumele enze ukuhlolwa okunamandla kokuvuza.

Abathengisi abamukelekayo kufanele basebenzise ukuhlolwa kokuvuza kwe-helium mass spectrometry, okuqinisekisa izinga lokuvuza elingaphansi kuka-1×10^-7 atm cc/sec kulo lonke i-bellows assembly. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathengi kufanele balindele ukuguquguquka okuhlukile kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka; ngenkathi ama-pusher seal evame ukuba yizinto zezentengiselwano ezingaphandle kweshelufu (COTS), ama-bellow ahlanganiswe ngomphetho ngokwezifiso ngokuvamile adinga i-Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ) noma izikhathi zokuphatha zamasonto ayi-6 kuya kwayi-8. Izitifiketi zezinto ezilandelekayo (njenge-EN 10204 3.1) kumele zibe yisidingo esingaxoxiswana ngaso ukuqinisekisa ubuqiniso be-alloy.

Uma Izimbozo Zensimbi Ze-Bellows Zilungele Kakhulu

Ukunquma ukulingana okuqondile kwesivalo somshini esinomoya wensimbi kudinga ukufanisa amandla ahlukile obuchwepheshe nezindlela ezithile zokuhluleka ezitholakala esitshalweni. Uma zisetshenziswa kahle, lezi zivalo zisebenza njengesixazululo esiqondile ezinkingeni zokuthembeka kwephampu ezingamahlalakhona.

Nakuba zingezona ezithatha indawo yazo zonke izivalo zokucindezela, ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezindaweni eziqondiwe, ezicindezela kakhulu kuveza ukuzinza kokusebenza okungenakuqhathaniswa.

Yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisekela izinsimbi zensimbi

Okuqondileizicelo zezimboningokwemvelo kuthanda ukwakheka kwezinsimbi zensimbi. Ukucutshungulwa kwe-hydrocarbon okushisa okuphezulu, njengokupompa i-asphalt eshisayo noma uwoyela wegesi osindayo (i-HVGO), kudinga izivalo ezingeke zibambe noma zibophe. Amaphampu okudlulisa uketshezi (uwoyela oshisayo) okushisa asebenza kahle ngaphezu kuka-200°C athembele kuphela ezinsimbi zensimbi ukuvimbela ukwehluleka okubi okuhlobene nokuncibilika kwe-elastomer.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifaka izinto eziqinile ezilengayo ezifinyelela ku-5% ngesisindo ziyizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu. Kulezi zimo, ama-O-ring ashukumisayo ezimbozo ezicindezelayo abhujiswa ngokushesha ngokufakwa kwama-particulate scoring, futhi iziphethu zazo ze-coil zigcwele izinto eziqinile. I-bellow seal yensimbi ejikelezayo ixosha lezi zinto eziqinile nge-centrifugally, igcina ukulayisha kobuso okuhle kakhulu futhi ivimbele i-seal ukuthi ingalengi.

Yisiphi isiqondiso esisiza amaqembu ukuba akhethe ngokuzethemba

Ukuze ukhethe ngokuzethemba, amaqembu obunjiniyela kufanele asebenzise i-matrix yesinqumo ejwayelekile. Uma uhlelo lokusebenza ludlula u-200°C, lusebenza ngaphansi kuka--40°C, luhlanganisa izinyibilikisi ezinamandla ezivuvukalisa ama-elastomer, noma luhlushwa ukushaqeka okungapheli komgodi, uphawu lwensimbi oluyi-mechanical bellows kufanele lube yincazelo ezenzakalelayo.

Amaqembu kumele abeke phambili izilinganiso zokuthembeka zesikhathi eside kunesabelomali sokuthenga. Ukulinganisa ukucushwa kohlobo B lwe-API 682 kwezimpahla zesayithi ezifanele kwenza kube lula ukuqoqwa kwempahla futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi lapho kuvela izimo ezinzima, ubuchwepheshe bokuvala sebuvele buklanywe ukuze bumelane nokucindezeleka kokushisa nokwemishini, ekugcineni kuvikele ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo kanye nabasebenzi.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Iziphetho ezibaluleke kakhulu kanye nesizathu sokuvalwa kwensimbi okungaphansi komshini
• Imininingwane, ukuhambisana, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi okufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele
• Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezisebenzayo kanye nezixwayiso abafundi abangazisebenzisa ngokushesha

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Kufanele ngikhethe nini uphawu lomshini olusebenzisa insimbi esikhundleni sophawu olusebenzisa i-elastomer?

Khetha izinsimbi zokushisa okuphezulu, amakhemikhali anamandla, umsebenzi we-cryogenic, noma lapho ukufiphaza kwe-shaft kanye nokulengiswa kwe-O-ring kuyizingozi. Izinsimbi zokushisa ze-Elastomer zilingana nezinsizakalo ezihlanzekile nezisezingeni lokushisa eliphakathi.

Yiliphi izinga lokushisa elenza izivalo zensimbi zibe yindlela engcono?

Izimbobo zensimbi zivame ukuthandwa ngaphezu kuka-200°C futhi zingaphatha u-400°C+ kuye ngokuthi i-alloy injani. Zifaneleka futhi emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu lapho ama-elastomer angaqhekeka khona.

Kungani izivalo zensimbi zithuthukisa ukuthembeka kwephampu?

Basebenzisa umklamo ongadingi ukusunduzwa, ngakho-ke akukho slides ye-elastomer enamandla kushafti. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukulenga, kunciphisa ingozi yokuvuza, futhi kuqede ukukhathazeka kweshafti ngenkonzo enzima.

Ingabe i-Victor Seals ingahlinzeka ngezivalo zensimbi ezifakwa esikhundleni sephampu ye-OEM?

Yebo. I-Victor Seals inikeza izivalo zemishini ezihambisana ne-OEM nezingena esikhundleni sezinye zemikhiqizo efana ne-IMO, i-Alfa Laval, i-Grundfos, i-APV, i-Flygt, i-Fristam, i-Lowara, ne-Allweiler.

Ingabe izivalo zensimbi eziqinile zingcono kakhulu koketshezi oluqinile noma olungcolile?

Ngokuvamile yebo. Imiklamo yezinsimbi ezisebenzisa izinsimbi igwema ukuvaleka kwesikhwama sentwasahlobo okuvamile kwezinye izivalo zokucindezela futhi ingaphatha ukuqina okuphezulu, okwenza kube wusizo emisebenzini enzima yokupompa yezimboni.