Ukwehluleka Kwesivalo Semishini Noma Ukwehluleka Kwebhereyitha? Ungakuthola Kanjani Ngokushesha

Ukwehluleka Kwesivalo Semishini vs Ukwehluleka Kwebhereyitha

Emishinini ejikelezayo efana namaphampu e-centrifugal, ama-compressor, kanye nama-agitator ezimboni, umngcele phakathiukwehluleka kophawu lomshinifuthi ukwehluleka kwebhereyi kuvame ukufiphazwa yizimpawu ezihambisanayo. Zombili izingxenye zabelana ngomshane ofanayo ngokomzimba futhi zisebenza eduze, okusho ukuthi ukuwohloka kwesinye kuvame ukusheshisa ukubhujiswa kwesinye. Konjiniyela bokuthembeka kanye nochwepheshe bokulungisa, ukuhlukanisa imbangela yokushisa ngokweqile, ukudlidliza okungavamile, noma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okungaguquki kuyinselele ebalulekile yokuxilonga.

Ukungaziqondi kahle lezi ziphazamiso kuholela ekulungisweni okungasebenzi kahle, ukudilizwa okuphindaphindiwe, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kokukhiqiza isikhathi eside. Ezimbonini zezinqubo ezinzima ezifana nokuhlanzwa kwe-petrochemical noma ukukhiqizwa kwe-pulp kanye nephepha, isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe singadala izindleko ezisukela ku-$10,000 kuya ngaphezulu kuka-$50,000 ngehora. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusungula inqubo yokuxilonga eqinile, esekelwe ebufakazini kubalulekile ekuhlukaniseni ingxenye ehlulekayo ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo wesibili oyinhlekelele.

Kungani ukuxilongwa okusheshayo kuvikela isikhathi sokusebenza

Inhloso eyinhloko yokuxilonga ngokushesha ukuvimbela izindlela zokwehluleka kwe-cascading ezihambisana nemishini ejikelezayo. I-mechanical seal kanye ne-bearing zikhona ebudlelwaneni be-symbiotic mechanical; i-bearing kumele igcine ukuzinza kwe-rotor ukuze ivumele ubuso be-seal bulandele kahle, kanti i-mechanical seal kumele iqukathe uketshezi lwenqubo ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kohlelo lokuthambisa lwe-bearing.

Uma i-bearing iqala ukuqhekeka noma ilahlekelwa yizindawo zayo zangaphakathi, ivumela ukuphambuka okukhulu kwe-shaft. Uma ukugeleza kwe-radial kudlula ukubekezelelana okuvamile kwe-mechanical seal—ngokuvamile okuqinile njengo-0.002 inches (0.05 mm)—ama-O-ring ashukumisayo azokhuhla, futhi ubuso be-seal eqinile buzoqhekezeka noma buhlukane, okuholela ekuvuza koketshezi ngokushesha. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukwehluleka kokuqala kwe-mechanical seal okufutha uketshezi lwenqubo ebolile noma erhabaxa endlini ye-bearing kuzokonakalisa ngokushesha i-viscosity kawoyela wokugcoba, okubangela ukuthi ama-bearing abambe phakathi namahora. Ukuhlonza ingxenye yokuqala kumisa lo mjikelezo obhubhisayo.

Uma izimpawu zokuqala zidinga ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokulawulwa

Akuzona zonke izimpawu ezidinga ukuvalwa okusheshayo okuphuthumayo; ezinye zidinga ukuxazulula izinkinga okulawulwayo nokuhlelekile ngenkathi imishini ihlala iku-inthanethi. Ukonakala kwesigaba sokuqala kuvame ukuveza njengokushintsha okuncane kwedatha yokuqapha isimo kunokulimala okubonakalayo okusobala. Lapho izinzwa zibona ukuphambuka okuyisisekelo, amaqembu okuxilonga kumele aqale uphenyo oluhlelekile ngaphandle kokuphazamisa inqubo ngokungadingekile.

Isibonelo, ukwanda kancane kancane kokushisa kwendlu yokuthwala okusondela ku-180°F (82°C) noma ukushintsha kwejubane lokudlidliza elingaphezu kuka-0.15 in/s RMS kubonisa ukungalingani okuvelayo. Kulesi sigaba, ochwepheshe bangenza ngokuphephile ukuhlaziywa kokudlidliza okunesinqumo esiphezulu, i-thermography, kanye nokusampula uwoyela. Ukuxazulula izinkinga okulawulwayo kuvumela indawo ukuthi ivikele izingxenye ezishintshwayo, ihlele ukucima ngamabomu, futhi ilungiselele izinqubo ezidingekayo zokukhiya/ukuphuma kwe-tag (LOTO), ngaleyo ndlela iguqule ukwehluleka okungalindelekile kube umcimbi wokulungisa ophethwe.

Imingcele Yokwehluleka kanye Nomehluko Obalulekile

Ukuze bahlole ngokunembile ukucindezeleka kwemishini, ochwepheshe kumele baqale baqonde imingcele yokusebenza ehlukile kanye nezidingo zokusebenza kokubili uphawu lomshini kanye nenhlangano yokuthwala. Nakuba besebenza enhlanganweni efanayo ejikelezayo, imingcele yabo yokuklama, imikhawulo yokwehluleka, kanye nokusabela ngokomzimba ekucindezelekeni kwesistimu kuhluka kakhulu.

Uphawu lomshini luyiidivayisi yokulawula uketshezi ngokunembileUkuthembela ekuvulekeni kwe-microscopic, kanti i-bearing iyisakhi sokudlulisa umthwalo esenzelwe ukuphatha amandla amakhulu emishini. Ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuphela kwe-fluid dynamics kanye ne-structural mechanics kuqala kuphi kuyisisekelo sokuxilongwa kwensimu okunembile.

Lokho okuvikelwa uphawu lomshini

Isivalo somshini sisebenza njengesivikelo esiyinhloko phakathi koketshezi lwenqubo yangaphakathi kanye nomoya wangaphandle. Umsebenzi waso oyinhloko ufezwa ngobuso obubili besivalo obucwebezelisiwe kakhulu—obunye obungaguquki nobunye obujikelezayo—bucindezelwe ndawonye ukucindezeleka kwentwasahlobo kanye nokucindezela kwe-hydraulic. Lobu buso abuhambi bumile ngokuphelele; buthembele efilimini yoketshezi oluncane kakhulu, ngokuvamile olulinganisa phakathi kwama-micron angu-1 nama-3 ubukhulu, ukuze lunikeze ukuthambisa nokupholisa.

Ngenxa yokuthi uphawu lomshini lusebenza ngezimbobo ezincane kangaka, luzwela kakhulu ezimweni zoketshezi. Luvikela imvelo ekukhishweni kwamakhemikhali ayingozi futhi luvikela inqubo ekungcoleni komoya. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kwalo kuncike ngokuphelele kuketshezi lwenqubo olusele ngaphakathi kwezinga lokushisa elithile, ingcindezi, kanye nemingcele yomhwamuko. Lapho uphawu lomshini luhluleka, umphumela oyinhloko ukulahleka kokugoba, okubonakala njengokuvuza okubonakalayo, amafu omhwamuko, noma ukwehla kwengcindezi yoketshezi oluvimbelayo ekucushweni kwe-dual-seal.

Yeka ukuthi ibhere lisekela kanjani

Ama-bearings aklanyelwe ukusekela i-shaft ejikelezayo, ephatha imithwalo ye-radial (eqondile ku-shaft) kanye nemithwalo ye-axial thrust (ehambisana ne-shaft). Ngokugcina i-rotor isesikhungweni sayo se-geometric esinembile, ama-bearings aqinisekisa ukuthi ama-impeller awathintani nama-casing nokuthi ubuso bokuvala obusebenza ngomshini buhlala buqondile. Ama-bearings e-element rolling ezimbonini aklanyelwe impilo ethile yokukhathala ye-L10, evame ukubalwa phakathi kwamahora okusebenza angu-25,000 no-50,000 ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zokuthambisa nokulayisha.

Ngokungafani nezivalo, ama-bearings awavezwa ngqo kuketshezi lwenqubo. Indawo yawo iqukethe indlu egcwele uwoyela wokugcoba noma amafutha. Impilo ye-bearings incike ekugcineni ifilimu yokugcoba eqhubekayo ye-elastohydrodynamic phakathi kwezinto ezigoqekayo kanye nemigwaqo yomjaho. Lapho i-bearings yehluleka, ilahlekelwa ikhono layo lokuvimba i-shaft, okuholela ekukhushulweni okukhulu komshini, ukukhiqizwa kokushisa okusheshayo, kanye nokudlidliza okuphezulu njengoba izikhala zangaphakathi zanda ngale kwemingcele yomklamo.

Izimpawu zokwehluleka kophawu lomshini vs uphawu lokuthwala

Ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezimpawu ezibonakalayo zokwehluleka kwesivalo kanye nokwehluleka kwamabhere kudinga ukuhlanganisa ubufakazi obubonakalayo, bokuzwa, kanye nobokushisa. Ngenxa yokuthi izingxenye zigcinwe eduze komunye nomunye, ukushisa nomsindo kungadlula kalula ekhabetheni lemishini, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlaziya izimpawu ezihlukanisiwe.

Le matrix yokuqhathanisa inikeza isisekelo sokubuka kwensimu. Isibonelo, uma uchwepheshe ebona izinga lokushisa elisendaweni ethile e-seal gland lihambisana nomsindo oqhumayo, ifilimu yoketshezi phakathi kobuso be-seal cishe iyahwamuka (iyakhanya). Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma ukushisa kugxile endlini ye-bearing ngomsindo wokuduma ohambisanayo, ifilimu yokuthambisa ye-bearing cishe iwile, okuqale ukuthintana kwensimbi nensimbi.

Inqubo Yokuxilonga Insimu

Ukuhumusha umehluko wemfundiso kube ukuxilongwa kwensimu okusebenzisekayo kudinga indlela yokuhlola ehlelekile. Inqubo yokuxilonga kumele iqhubekele phambili kusukela ekubonweni kwangaphandle okungaphazamisi, iye ekulinganisweni okuqondile kakhulu, okuqhutshwa yimishini. Ukugxumela ngokushesha ezindaweni ezidilikayo ezihlaselayo kuqeda ubufakazi obubalulekile obuphathekayo futhi kwandise isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwemishini.

Ukuxilongwa kwensimu okuqinile kusebenzisa izinsimbi ezilungisiwe ukuze kuthathwe izimpawu zokudlidliza, ama-gradient okushisa, kanye nokuguquguquka koketshezi. Ngokubala izimpawu, amaqembu okuthembeka angakhomba umsuka wokwehluleka ngezinga eliphezulu lokuzethemba ngaphambi kokuvula i-flange eyodwa.

Uchungechunge lokuhlolwa kwempendulo yokuqala

Uchungechunge lwempendulo yokuqala luncike ekubonweni kwezinzwa okungeziwe ngamathuluzi okuxilonga ayisisekelo. Ochwepheshe kufanele baqale ngokuhlola ngokubonakalayo indlala yesivalo, indawo yokuthwala, kanye ne-baseplate. Isilinganiso esibucayi yisilinganiso sokuvuza esiqondile; kuyilaphouphawu oluphilile lwemishiniingakhipha umusi ongabonakali, uphawu oluhlulekayo luzokhiqiza ukulahleka koketshezi okulinganiselwe. Izinga lokuvuza elibonakalayo elidlula amaconsi angu-60 ngomzuzu liwumkhawulo ojwayelekile obonisa ukuwohloka okukhulu kobuso bophawu noma ukwehluleka kwesibili kwe-O-ring.

Ngemva kokuhlola okubonakalayo, ochwepheshe kufanele basebenzise i-infrared (IR) thermography ukuze bahlele i-gradient yokushisa kulo lonke i-casing yephampu. Uhlelo oluphilile luzobonisa ukuguquka okubushelelezi kokushisa kusuka ekushiseni koketshezi lwenqubo kuya endaweni yokubeka amabhereyi. I-spike ebukhali, ehlukanisiwe yokushisa e-seal gland ikhomba ukungqubuzana okubhekene, kanti indawo eshisayo egxile kubhereyi yokusunduza ikhombisa inkinga yokuthambisa noma yokulayisha ngokweqile. Okokugcina, ukuhlolwa kokukhishwa kwe-acoustic kungathola amagagasi okucindezeleka e-ultrasonic avame kakhulu, okukhomba ukuqhekeka kwamabhereyi amancane noma ukuvala ubuso obusebenza okomile isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba ukuzwa komuntu kubone i-anomaly.

Izilinganiso zokwehluleka kophawu lomshini

Ukuhlukanisa ukwehluleka kwesivalo somshinikudinga ukulinganisa izimo zesistimu yayo yokusekela kanye nesimo esiguquguqukayo segumbi lokuvala. Kumaphampu afakwe izinhlelo zokuvala izikhala ze-API 682 (njenge-Plan 11, 52, noma 53), ochwepheshe kumele baqinisekise amazinga okugeleza, umehluko wokucindezela, kanye namazinga edamu. Ukwehla ngokuzumayo komfutho wedamu lokuvala izikhala we-Plan 53 kubonisa ukuthi ubuso bedamu elingaphakathi buvulekile, okuvumela uketshezi lwedamu ukuthi lungene emfudlaneni wenqubo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulinganisa ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwegumbi lokuvala ngokwayo kubalulekile. Uma ingcindezi yegumbi lokuvala iwela ngaphansi kwengcindezi yomhwamuko woketshezi olupompiwe, uketshezi luzohwamuka, okubangela ukuthi ubuso bokuvala buphele futhi buqhekeke. Ochwepheshe kufanele futhi balinganise ukuphambuka komgodi we-radial eduze kwe-seal gland besebenzisa izinkomba zokudayela ngesikhathi sokujikeleza okufushane ngesandla (uma kuphephile futhi kusebenza); ukuphambuka okungaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-0.003 (0.075 mm) kusikisela ukuthi ukungazinzi komshini kubhubhisa ubuso bokuvala.

Izilinganiso zokwehluleka kokuthwala

Ukuxilongwa kwamabhere kuncike kakhulu ekuhlaziyweni kokudlidliza kanye ne-tribology. Besebenzisa ama-accelerometer, abahlaziyi babamba i-vibration spectrum ukuze bathole ama-fault frequency athile. Ama-rolling element bearings akhiqiza ama-frequency ahlukile ngokusekelwe ku-geometry yawo: i-Ball Pass Frequency Outer (BPFO), i-Ball Pass Frequency Inner (BPFI), i-Ball Spin Frequency (BSF), kanye ne-Fundamental Train Frequency (FTF). Ukuba khona kwama-peaks angavumelani ahambisana nala ma-frequency abaliwe kunikeza ubufakazi obucacile bomonakalo we-bearing raceway noma we-rolling element.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlaziywa kwamafutha kunikeza umlando wamakhemikhali kanye nezinhlayiya zempilo yebhereyi. Ochwepheshe kufanele bakhiphe isampula ephilayo esitsheni sebhereyi futhi bayihlaziye ukuze babone ukuthi imfucumfucu igugile yini kanye nokuwohloka kwe-viscosity. Kubalulekile ukufeza imigomo yokuhlanzeka ye-ISO 4406 (ngokuvamile ngo-16/14/11 kumaphampu ezimboni). Ukwanda okungazelelwe kwezinhlayiya zensimbi, ithusi, noma ushintsho olukhulu ku-Total Acid Number (TAN) kawoyela kuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhereyi ikhipha izinto futhi idinga ukushintshwa ngokushesha, kungakhathaliseki isimo sesivalo somshini.

Izimo Zokusebenza Ezidala Izimpawu Ezifanayo

Ezimweni eziningi zokuxilonga, imbangela eyinhloko yokwehluleka ayikho esivalweni somshini noma ebhereni ngokwalo. Esikhundleni salokho, izimo zokusebenza ezimbi kanye nezinkinga ze-hydraulic ezihlelekile zinamandla okubhubhisa ahlasela zombili izingxenye ngasikhathi sinye.

Lezi zinkinga zesistimu zidala izimpawu ezididayo kakhulu, ngokuvamile zilingisa izimpawu ezithile zokwehluleka kwezingxenye ngazinye. Ukuhlonza la maphutha okusebenza aphelele kubalulekile; ukufaka esikhundleni se-seal ephukile noma i-bearing ephukile ngaphandle kokubhekana nembangela ye-hydraulic noma ye-mechanical kuqinisekisa ukwehluleka okuphindaphindiwe okusheshayo.

Ukucambalala, ukulamba kokumunca, ukungalungi kahle, kanye nonyawo oluthambile

Ukungazinzi kwe-hydraulic kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokwehluleka kwengxenye ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuqhekeka kwenzeka lapho i-Net Positive Suction Head etholakalayo (NPSHa) yehla ngaphansi kwe-Net Positive Suction Head edingekayo (NPSHr) yiphampu, okubangela ukuthi amabhamuza omhwamuko akheke futhi aqhume ngamandla. Umkhuba omuhle kakhulu wobunjiniyela ojwayelekile udinga umkhawulo we-NPSH okungenani wamamitha angu-3 kuya kwangu-5 ukuvimbela lokhu. Ukuqhekeka kudala ukudlidliza okukhulu, okungahleliwe kwemvamisa ephezulu okuzwakala njengokupompa i-gravel; lokhu kuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic shockubuso bophawu oluthambile lwemishinifuthi ngasikhathi sinye ushaya izakhi ezigingqikayo ezithwalayo ngokumelene nemigwaqo yazo yomjaho.

Ngokufanayo, ukungahambisani kahle kwemishini phakathi kwemoto kanye nemishini eqhutshwayo kugcizelela yonke i-rotor. Uma ukungahambisani kahle okuhambisanayo kudlula amasentimitha angu-0.005 (0.127 mm), umzuzu wokugoba ophumelayo uphoqa ishaft ukuthi igobe kabili ngokujikeleza ngakunye. Lokhu kuguquguquka okuqhubekayo kuvula ubuso besivalo semishini, okubangela ukuvuza kwenqubo, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo kubeka imithwalo emikhulu yokwenziwa kuma-bearings, okuholela ekukhathaleni kusenesikhathi kanye nokushisa ngokweqile. Unyawo oluthambile—lapho isisekelo semishini singahlali khona phansi esisekelweni—kudala ukuphambuka okufanayo lapho amabhawodi okufaka eqiniswa.

Amaphutha okugcoba, uketshezi olungcolile, kanye nezinto eziqinile

Ukungcola kanye nemikhuba yokugcotshwa engafanele kuvame ukubonakala njengeziphambeko zezingxenye. Ukugcoba ngokweqile i-bearing kuyiphutha elivamile lokulungisa eliholela ekuqhumeni ngokweqile kwe-lubricant. Lokhu kuqhuma kudala ukungqubuzana okukhulu kwangaphakathi, okubangela amazinga okushisa endlu yama-bearing akhuphuke kakhulu ngaphezu kuka-200°F (93°C). Uchwepheshe angase aphambanise lokhu kushisa ne-bearing ehlulekayo, kanti empeleni, i-bearing iphilile ngokwesakhiwo kodwa ifuthwe ngokushisa.

Ngasohlangothini lwesivalo, uketshezi lwenqubo olungcolile lubangela umonakalo ebusweni obunembile. Uma ukuhlushwa kwezinto eziqinile ezilengisiwe kudlula amapharamitha okuklama kwesivalo—ngokuvamile kudlula ama-300 ppm ezivaloni ezijwayelekile ezilodwa—izinhlayiya zizongena efilimini yoketshezi oluncane kakhulu. Lokhu kushelela okunamandla kudonsa ubuso bekhabhoni, kudale ukushisa okukhulu kwendawo kanye nokuklewula kwe-acoustic okuvame kakhulu okungahlonzwa kalula njengomsindo wekheji lokuthwala. Ukuqinisekisa izinhlelo zokuhlanza ezihlanzekile (njenge-API Plan 32) kubalulekile ekuhlukaniseni ukungcoliswa koketshezi nokwehluleka komshini.

I-root-cause matrix yezimpawu ezibonwe

Ukuze babhekane nalezi zimpawu ezihambisanayo, amaqembu okuthembeka asebenzisa i-root-cause matrix ukuze ahlele ukubonwa kwensimu ukuze kutholakale imvelaphi yazo ehlelekile.

Ngokusebenzisa le matrix, udokotela wokuxilonga angabheka ngale komonakalo osheshayo. Uma kokubili uphawu luvuza futhi ibhere lidlidliza ngesivinini sokujika esingu-2X, i-matrix ikhomba ngokusobala ukungalungi kahle kunokwehluleka okuzimele kwezingxenye zombili ngasikhathi sinye.

Izinqumo Zokulungisa, Ukufaka Esimweni Esisha, kanye Nokumisa Ukusebenza

Umgomo oyinhloko wenqubo yokuxilonga ukwenza isinqumo esinolwazi nesinengqondo mayelana nokusebenza kwemishini. Uma idatha isiqoqiwe futhi imbangela eyinhloko isitholakele, abaphathi bezitshalo kumele banqume ukuthi bazame ukulungisa ku-inthanethi, bahlele ukushintshwa kwesikhashana, noma benze i-E-stop ngokushesha ukuze bavimbele ukwehluleka okukhulu.

Lezi zinqumo zokumisa zilawulwa yizindinganiso zemboni ezimisiwe, imithethonqubo yezemvelo, kanye nemiphumela yezezimali yokubhujiswa kwemishini. Imingcele ecacile kumele ichazwe ukuze kususwe ukungaqondakali ekungeneleleni kokulungisa.

Uma ukushintshwa kwesivalo somshini kufanelekile

Ukufaka uphawu lomshini esikhundleni salokuyafaneleka lapho umsebenzi waso oyinhloko—ukuvimbela—uphazamiseka ngokungenakulungiseka futhi ungenakulungiswa ngokulungisa amapulani okugeleza noma amapharamitha okusebenza. Kumaphampu aphatha ama-organic compounds ayingozi noma aguquguqukayo (ama-VOC), imithethonqubo yemvelo kanye namazinga e-API 682 anquma imikhawulo eqinile yokuvuza. Uma ukukhishwa kwe-VOC kudlula imingcele yokulawula yendawo (evame ukulinganiswa ku-<5.6 amagremu ngehora noma nge-ppm sniffers), uphawu kumele lushintshwe ngokushesha ukuze kugcinwe ukuhambisana.

Ngaphandle kokuthobela imvelo, umonakalo ongokoqobo ebusweni besivalo uvumela ukushintshwa. Uma ukudilizwa noma ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi kwembula ubuso bekhabhoni obunamabala, ukugoba okujulile, noma i-silicon carbide ehlolwe ukushisa, isivalo asinakusindiswa. Ukuzama ukusebenzisa isivalo esinobuso obuphukile ngeke kuholele ekulahlekelweni okukhulu komkhiqizo kuphela kodwa cishe kuzofaka umkhono wephampu, kukhuphule ukushintshwa kwesivalo okujwayelekile okungu-$2,000 kube ukulungiswa kwesivalo kanye nerotor okungu-$15,000.

Uma ukushintshwa kwamabhere kuvunyelwe

Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwamabhereyi kuvunyelwe ngokuphelele lapho izimpawu zokudlidliza zibonisa ukukhathala okuthuthukile ngaphansi komhlaba noma lapho ukuhlaziywa kokuthambisa kuqinisekisa ukuguguleka okukhulu kwensimbi. Izindinganiso zemboni, njenge-ISO 10816-3, zinikeza imingcele eqondile. Uma iphampu yezimboni efakwe ngokuqinile ingena ku-Zone C noma ku-Zone D—ngokuvamile ebonakala ngokudlidliza okuphelele okungaphezu kuka-0.28 in/s RMS (7.1 mm/s)—amabhereyi awonakele kakhulu futhi abeka ingozi kuwo wonke umshini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ukuhlaziywa kwamafutha kwembula ukwanda okungazelelwe kwezinto ezincane, njengokwanda kwe->10 ppm ku-iron noma ithusi phakathi kwamasampula enyanga, ikheji lamabhere noma umzila wokugijima uyawohloka ngenkuthalo. Kulesi sigaba, ukwengeza uwoyela omusha akusizi ngalutho. Ibhere kumele lishintshwe ngaphambi kokuba izinto ezigoqekayo zivaleke ngokuphelele, okungabangela ukuthi umgodi uchebe noma injini igcwale ngokweqile futhi ikhubeke.

Umuthi wezinqumo wezenzo zokumisa ukugijima

Ukuze kwenziwe izimpendulo ezijwayelekile phakathi kwamashifu nabasebenzi, izikhungo kufanele zisebenzise umuthi wesinqumo oqinile wezenzo zokuma. Uma umshini ubonisa ukudlidliza okukhulu ngokuzumayo okudlula umkhawulo we-alamu, kuhlanganiswe nokushisa kwendlu yokubeka amabhereyitha okunyuka ngokushesha kuno-2°F (1°C) ngomzuzu, umqhubi kumele enze ukumisa okuphuthumayo. Lokhu kunyuka okusheshayo kubonisa ukubanjwa kwamabhereyitha okuseduze noma ukuqhuma okukhulu kwesivalo.

Uma izimpawu zizinzile kodwa zingacacisiwe—njengophawu lomshini oluvuza amaconsi angu-30 ngomzuzu wamanzi angewona ingozi, kanye nokudlidliza okubekwe endaweni “yesaziso” (isb., i-0.18 in/s RMS)—imishini ingahlala iku-inthanethi ngaphansi kokubhekwa okuseduze okuqhubekayo. Kulesi simo, umuthi wesinqumo unquma ukuhlela ukuvalwa kokulungiswa okuhleliwe zingakapheli amahora angu-72. Le ndlela ehlelekile ilinganisela igunya lokuvikela imishini ebizayo kanye nesidingo sezentengiselwano sokugcina isikhathi sokukhiqiza sisebenza.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Qala ukuxilongwa ngokuhlonza ubufakazi bokuqala obungajwayelekile, njengokuvuza, izinga lokushisa elikhuphukayo lamabhere, ukushintsha kokudlidliza, ukungcola kukawoyela, noma ukuphuma komgodi.
• Phatha amazinga okushisa endlu yamabhereyitha aseduze no-180°F (82°C) kanye nesivinini sokudlidliza esingaphezu kuka-0.15 in/s RMS njengemikhawulo yesixwayiso sokuqala yokuxazulula izinkinga ezilawulwayo.
• Hlola ukugeleza komgodi ngoba ukunyakaza okungaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-0.002 (0.05 mm) kungalimaza ubuso besivalo kanye nama-O-rings ashukumisayo.
• Hlola isimo sokugcoba noma nini lapho uphawu lomshini luvuza, ngoba ukungcola koketshezi kunganciphisa ngokushesha ukugcwala kukawoyela futhi kubhubhise amabheringi.
• Gwema ukufaka esikhundleni sengxenye eyonakele ebonakalayo kuphela uze uqinisekise ukuthi isivalo noma ibhereyitha kwakuyiyona eyabangela ukwehluleka kokuqala.
• Sebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kokudlidliza, i-thermography, ukusampula uwoyela, kanye nokuhlolwa kwezimpawu ezibonakalayo ndawonye ukuze uvimbele ukulungiswa okuphindaphindiwe kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi inkinga yephampu iqale ngesivalo somshini noma ngebheri?

Bheka ushintsho lokuqala olulinganiswayo: ukuvuza kwesivalo, ukungcola kukawoyela, ukuthambekela kokudlidliza, ukuphuma komgodi, noma izinga lokushisa lamabhereyi. Ukuxega kwamabhereyi kuvame ukubangela ukunyakaza komgodi okulimaza ubuso besivalo, kuyilapho ukuvuza kwesivalo kungangcolisa ukuthambisa futhi kubhubhise amabhereyi ngokushesha.

Yiliphi izinga lokushisa lokuthwala okufanele libangele ukuxazulula inkinga?

Izinga lokushisa lendlu ethwala amabhethri elisondela ku-180°F (82°C) liyisibonakaliso esiyisixwayiso. Akudingi ukuvalwa ngokushesha ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa kufanele kubangele ukuhlolwa okulawulwayo njenge-thermography, ukuhlaziywa kokudlidliza, ukuhlolwa kokuthambisa, kanye nokubuyekezwa kwezimo zokusebenza.

Ingabe uphawu lomshini oluhlulekile lungabangela ukwehluleka kwamabhereyitha?

Yebo. Uma uketshezi olucutshungulwayo luvuza endlini yamabhereyi noma luhlanza amafutha, ukuchachamba kukawoyela kanye nokuhlanzeka kungawohloka ngokushesha. Uketshezi olubolayo noma oluhudulayo lungasheshisa ukuguguleka futhi lubangele ukuthi ibhereyi lishise kakhulu noma libambe.

Ingabe ukwehluleka kwamabhereyitha kungalimaza uphawu lomshini?

Yebo. Ama-bearings agugile noma akhululekile avumela ukuphambuka okukhulu komgodi kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi. Uma ukunyakaza kudlula ukubekezelelana kokuvala okuqinile, ngokuvamile cishe amasentimitha angu-0.05 (0.05 mm), ubuso bokuvala bungaqhekeka, buhlukane, noma buvuze.

Yiliphi izinga lokudlidliza elibonisa inkinga evelayo?

Ukushintsha okungaphezu kuka-0.15 in/s RMS kwijubane lokudlidliza lilonke kufanele kuthathwe njengesixwayiso sokuqala. Sebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kokudlidliza okunesinqumo esiphezulu ukuze uhlukanise ukungalingani, ukungalungi, ukukhululeka, amaphutha okuthwala, kanye nokungazinzi okuhlobene nesivalo.