Indlela Yokukhetha Isivalo Esifanele Semishini Yamaphampu Amakhemikhali Asezingeni Eliphezulu Lokushisa

Isingeniso

Ukukhetha uphawu lwamaphampu amakhemikhali ashisa kakhulu kudinga okungaphezu kokulinganisa ubukhulu kanye nezilinganiso zokucindezela. Ukushisa, ikhemikhali yoketshezi, ingcindezi yomhwamuko, ukunyakaza komgodi, kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi kuthinta konke kuthonya ukuthi uphawu luzosebenza ngokuthembekile noma luhluleke ekuqaleni kwenkonzo enzima. Lesi sihloko sichaza izimo zokusebenza ezibalulekile eziqhuba ukukhethwa kophawu futhi sibonisa ukuthi izinto zokwakha, ukuhlelwa kophawu, kanye nezinhlelo zokusekela kufanele zifaniswe kanjani nenqubo. Ekugcineni, abafundi bazobe sebehlonyiswe kangcono ukuhlola ukuhwebelana phakathi kokuphepha, isikhathi sokusebenza, izidingo zokugcinwa, kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho ngaphambi kokucacisa uphawu lomshini lwezicelo zamakhemikhali ezidingayo.

Kungani Ukukhethwa Kwezisimbozo Zemishini Kubalulekile

Ukucacisa ilungelouphawu lomshiniAmaphampu amakhemikhali ashisa kakhulu ayimfuneko yobunjiniyela eyisisekelo enquma ngqo ukuthembeka kwesitshalo kanye nokuphepha kokusebenza. Ezindaweni zokucubungula ezibucayi lapho uketshezi olunamandla luhlangabezana khona nokushisa okukhulu, uphawu lomshini lusebenza njengesithiyo esiyinhloko phakathi kwemidiya yenqubo eguquguqukayo kanye nomoya wangaphandle.

Indlela ukwehluleka kokuvala okuthinta ngayo isikhathi sokusebenza, ukuphepha, kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi

Uma uphawu lomshini luhluleka, imiphumela idlula ngokushesha esikhungweni. Ukuphela kwephampu okungahleliwe kungabangela kalula izindleko zokungasebenzi ezisukela ku-$10,000 kuya ku-$50,000 ngosuku ezitshalweni zokucubungula amakhemikhali eziqhubekayo. Ngaphandle kokulahleka kokukhiqiza, ukwehluleka kwephawu okuyingozi kubangela izingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha, okubeka abasebenzi ezingcoleni ezinobuthi, ezigqwalisayo, noma ezivuthayo.

Ngokwemvelo, ukukhishwa kwegesi okusabalele kulawulwa ngokuqinile yiziphathimandla zesifunda kanye nezifundazwe. Ngaphansi kwe-EPA Method 21 e-United States, ukuvuza kwe-volatile organic compound (VOC) kumele kuvame ukugcinwa ngaphansi kwama-500 ppm, kanye nemithethonqubo ethile yesevisi eqinile edinga imikhawulo eqinile njenge-50 ppm. Ukukhetha uphawu olufanele lwemishini kuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zidingo zomkhawulo ziyahlangatshezwa njalo ngaphandle kokudinga ukungenelela okuqhubekayo kokulungisa.

Yiziphi izimo zokusebenza ezenza ukukhetha uphawu kube yinto ebalulekile

Amapharamitha athile okusebenza aphakamisa ukukhethwa kwesivalo kusukela emsebenzini wokulungisa ojwayelekile kuya enseleleni ebalulekile yobunjiniyela. Izicelo zokushisa okuphezulu, ngokuvamile ezichazwa embonini yokuvala njengezingaphezu kuka-400°F (204°C), zibangela ukwanda okukhulu kokushisa, okushintsha igebe elincane elibalulekile phakathiubuso besivalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga okushisa aphezulu asheshisa ukuwohloka kwama-elastomer esibili futhi andise amathuba okushiswa koketshezi noma ukubilisa ohlangothini lomoya lwesivalo. Uma kuhlanganiswa amazinga okushisa aphezulu nezingcindezi zokumunca eziphezulu noma imithombo yamakhemikhali enamandla, umkhawulo wephutha ekukhetheni isivalo uyanyamalala, kudingeke izixazululo zezithiyo eziklanywe kahle kakhulu ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.

Yimuphi Udatha Wesevisi Odingekayo Ukuze Kucaciswe Isivalo

Ukucaciswa okunembile kwesivalo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuqonda okuphelele kwendawo yenqubo. Onjiniyela kumele babambe idatha yesevisi enembile ukuze bavimbele ukuguguleka kobuso ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuwohloka kwe-elastomer, noma ukwehluleka okukhulu kwezithiyo.

Yikuphi uketshezi, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, ingcindezi yomhwamuko, kanye nedatha yezinto eziqinile okufanele ziqoqwe

Isisekelo sokukhethwa kwesivalo semishini sincike kudatha yoketshezi oluyi-granular. Amapharamitha abalulekile afaka phakathi amandla adonsela phansi athile, i-viscosity ekushiseni kokusebenza, kanye nomkhawulo wokucindezela komusi. Ukugcina umkhawulo owanele phakathi kwekhanda lokumunca eliqondile elitholakalayo (NPSHa) kanye nelidingekayo (NPSHr) kuvimbela ukugoba, okungaphula ubuso besivalo esiphukile.

Amazinga okushisa okusebenza nokuklama, kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu okuguquguqukayo nokungaguquguquki, kunquma amandla okusebenza adingekayo ekuhlanganisweni kwesivalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlushwa kwezinto eziqinile ezilengisiwe kubalulekile; uketshezi oluqukethe izinto eziqinile ezingaphezu kuka-2% ngesisindo ngokuvamile ludinga imiklamo ekhethekile yesivalo noma inhlanganisela yezinto eziqinile ukuze kumelwane nokuhuzuka.

Indlela ukunyakaza komshafti, uhlobo lwephampu, kanye nezimo zegumbi lokuvala ezithinta ngayo ukukhetha

Amandla okusebenza kanye nejiyometri yephampu kubaluleke ngokulinganayo enqubweni yokucacisa. Ukuphambuka kweshafu ebusweni besivalo kumele kugcinwe kungaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-0.002 (0.05 mm) ukuvimbela ukuhlukana kobuso kanye nokuvuza okulandelayo. Isilinganiso se-L3/D4 sephampu (ubude beshafu kuya kububanzi) sinikeza isibonakaliso esithembekile sokuthi iyakwazi ukuphambuka kwe-radial ngaphansi komthwalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, indinganiso eyakhelwe kuyo iphampu—njenge-API 610 yezicelo zokuhlanza ezisindayo uma kuqhathaniswa ne-ANSI B73.1 yesevisi yamakhemikhali ejwayelekile—ilawula imbobo yobukhulu begumbi lokuvala. Imbobo ejwayelekile, imbobo ekhulisiwe, kanye nembobo yokuvala ethambile ngayinye ishintsha ukugeleza koketshezi kanye nezici zokushabalalisa ukushisa ezungeze ubuso bokuvala, okuthonya ngqo uhlelo lokuhlanza oludingekayo kanye nephrofayili yokuvala.

Indlela Yokuqhathanisa Imiklamo Yezisimbozo Zemishini Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo

Njengoba idatha yesevisi isimisiwe, ukugxila kushintshela ekuhloleni inqwaba yezilungiselelo zesivalo semishini. Ukuqondanisa ukwakheka komklamo kanye ne-metallurgy nenqubo kuqinisekisa isikhathi esimaphakathi esifanele phakathi kokwehluleka (i-MTBF).

Isikhathi sokusebenzisa izivalo zodwa, ezimbili, i-cartridge, izinsimbi zensimbi, kanye nezimbobo zokucindezela

Ukukhetha phakathi kwezivalo ezilodwa nezimbili kuncike ebuchosheni boketshezi kanye nomfutho womusi. Izivalo eziphindwe kabili (eziphindwe kabili) noma ezingacindezelwanga (ezihlangene) ziyimpoqo koketshezi olubulalayo noma olushintshashintsha kakhulu.Izimpawu zekhatriji, ezihlanganisa ubuso, izipilingi, kanye ne-gland kusengaphambili zibe yiyunithi eyodwa, ziye zashintsha kakhulu izivalo zezingxenye ngenxa yokususwa kwamaphutha okulinganisa ukufakwa.

Kumaphampu amakhemikhali ashisa kakhulu, izivalo zensimbi ezithambile zithandwa kakhulu kunezivalo zensimbi ezithambile. Izivalo zensimbi ezithambile zithembele ku-O-ring enamandla okumele ishelele eceleni komgodi; emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-400°F (204°C), ama-elastomer angonakala noma acubungule uketshezi angacola, okubangela ukuthi i-O-ring ilenge. Izivalo zensimbi zisusa le-elastomer enamandla, esikhundleni salokho zithembele ku-welded metallic convolutions ukuze zinikeze umthwalo wobuso ofanayo.

Yiziphi izinto zobuso, izivalo zesibili, i-metallurgy, kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlanza ezifanelana nohlelo lokusebenza

Ukukhethwa kwezinto kunquma ukuqina kwamakhemikhali nokushisa kwesivalo. Izinto zobuso eziyinhloko zivame ukusebenzisa i-Silicon Carbide (SiC) ngokumelene ne-Carbon ukuze zisebenze ngokujwayelekile, noma i-SiC ngokumelene ne-Tungsten Carbide ukuze zisetshenziswe ngokurhabaxa. Izinto zokuvala zesibili (ama-O-rings) zivame ukumelela isixhumanisi sokushisa esibuthakathaka kakhulu.

Ngenkathi ama-Fluoroelastomers ajwayelekile (FKM/Viton) ekhawulelwe cishe ku-400°F (204°C), ama-Perfluoroelastomers (FFKM/Kalrez) angamelana nokushisa okufika ku-620°F (327°C). I-metallurgy ye-seal gland kanye ne-bellows kumele ifane noma idlule ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-pump casing, okuvame ukudinga i-Alloy 20, i-Hastelloy C-276, noma i-Titanium ezinkonzweni zamakhemikhali ezihlaselayo. Okuhambisana nalezi zinto yi-API 682 flush plans, njenge-Plan 53A (uketshezi oluvimbelwe ngokucindezela) noma i-Plan 54 (uhlelo lokujikeleza lwangaphandle), oluphatha indawo yokushisa neye-tribological yegumbi lokuvala.

Indlela yokuqhathanisa izinketho ngokusebenza, ukuthembeka, kanye nezindleko

Ukuqhathanisa izinketho kudinga ukulinganisela izindleko zokuqala zemali nokuthembeka kwesikhathi eside. I-API 682 dual cartridge seal eklanywe ngokugcwele eHastelloy ingabiza u-300% kuya ku-500% ngaphezu kwe-ANSI single seal ejwayelekile, kodwa ingandisa i-MTBF kusukela ezinyangeni eziyi-6 ezingamukeleki iye kumgomo wezinyanga ezingama-36 kuya kwezingama-60 zenkonzo enzima.

Yiziphi Izici Zokuthobela Imithetho Nokunikezwa Kwempahla Ezithinta Ukukhetha Isivalo

Ukuthobela imithetho kanye nohlelo lokuhambisa impahla kwethula imingcele yangaphandle elawula ngokuqinile ukuthengwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimpawu zomshini zeimboni yokucubungula amakhemikhali.

Indlela izimfuneko ze-API, i-ISO, ukuphepha, ukukhishwa kwegesi, kanye nezinsizakalo eziyingozi ezisebenza ngayo

Emikhakheni yamakhemikhali kaphethiloli kanye namakhemikhali okushisa okuphezulu, ukunamathela ezindinganisweni ze-API 682 (Uhlelo lwesi-4) kanye ne-ISO 21049 ngokuvamile akuxoxiswana ngakho. Lezi zindinganiso zibeka ukuhlolwa okuqinile kweziqu, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezizenzakalelayo, kanye nobukhulu obuthile bokuhlukaniswa ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha okuphezulu.

Ngezinsizakalo eziyingozi, imithethonqubo yezemvelo idinga ukuqapha okuqinile kokukhishwa kwegesi okubalekayo, okuphoqa abaqhubi ukuthi basebenzise ukwakheka kwe-dual-seal ngokuqapha okuyinkimbinkimbi koketshezi lwesithiyo. Izikhungo ezisebenza ezindaweni eziqhumayo kumele futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi izisindo zazo kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlanza ezisizayo zinezitifiketi ze-ATEX ezifanele. Ukugcwalisa lezi zinhlaka zokuthobela umthetho kuvumela ukusebenza ngokomthetho ngenkathi kunciphisa ingozi yezinhlawulo zomthetho eziyinhlekelele.

Yiziphi izinkinga zokufaneleka komhlinzeki, ukushintshana, kanye nesikhathi sokuhola okufanele zibuyekezwe

Izici zochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa zithonya kakhulu ukukhethwa kwesivalo, ikakhulukazi lapho kulinganiswa imiklamo ejwayelekile uma kuqhathaniswa nemiklamo eklanywe kahle kakhulu. Iziqu zomhlinzeki kufanele zihlole amakhono okusekela omhlaba wonke, ukufinyelela endaweni yokulungisa, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha isivalo. Ukushintshana kuyinzuzo enkulu yokusebenza; ukulinganisa ipulatifomu ethile yesivalo sekhatriji kumaphampu amaningi e-ANSI noma e-API kunciphisa izindleko zesivalo sezingxenye ezisele.

Kodwa-ke, izikhathi zokuhola zidinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kwephrojekthi. Ngenkathi izivalo zekhatriji zensimbi engagqwali ezijwayelekile zingase zibe nesikhathi sokuhola seviki eli-1 kuya kwamabili, izivalo ze-API ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezisebenzisa izinto ezingaphandle ezifana ne-Inconel 718 noma ukwelashwa kobuso okukhethekile kungandisa izikhathi zokuhola zibe amasonto ayi-12 kuya kwayi-16. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elincane le-oda (ama-MOQ) lingasebenza kuma-compound e-elastomer azimele, okudinga izinhlelo zokubeka amasu ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphuma isikhathi eside.

Indlela Yokuqedela Isinqumo Sesivalo Semishini

Ukuqedela ukucaciswa kwesivalo semishini kudinga ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile kwedatha yenqubo, izidingo zomthetho, kanye nemingcele yezomnotho ukuze kufinyelelwe elungiselelweni lokuvala elifanele.

Yisiphi isinyathelo ngesinyathelo inqubo esiza ukuvumelanisa ukuhlelwa kwesivalo nezimo zesevisi

Indlela ehlelekile iqinisekisa ukuthi akukho shintsho olubalulekile olunganakwa. Okokuqala, onjiniyela kumele bachaze isimo soketshezi, bahlele izinga lokushisa lokusebenza eliphezulu ngokumelene nejika lokucindezela komhwamuko ukuze banqume ingozi yokukhanya. Okwesibili, kukhethwa ukuhlelwa: izivalo ezilodwa zoketshezi olungenabungozi, ezingacindezelwanga kabili ngezingozi eziphakathi, kanye nezicindezelwe kabili ngemidiya eyingozi noma enobuthi.

Okwesithathu, izinto zokwakha zikhethwa ngokufanisa insimbi nesibonelelo sokugqwala kanye nama-elastomer nohambo oluphezulu lokushisa. Okokugcina, uhlelo lokulawula imvelo (uhlelo lokuhlanza) luklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuso besivalo buthola ukugcotshwa nokupholisa okwanele. Ukulandela le matrix elandelanayo kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwenqubo yokwenza izinqumo futhi kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemigomo ebanzi yokuthembeka kwesitshalo.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezikhomba ukungacacisi kahle noma ukucaciswa ngokweqile

Ukuqaphela izimpawu zokucaciswa okungafanele kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe njalo. Ukungacaciswa kahle kuvame ukubonakala njengezinkinga zokuthembeka okungapheli, njenge-MTBF ewela ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-12, ukukhishwa njalo kwe-elastomer, noma ukuhlanekezelwa kobuso besivalo (ukuhlolwa kokushisa).

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukucaciswa ngokweqile kwenza kube nzima isabelomali sephrojekthi ngaphandle kokuletha izinzuzo zokusebenza ezilinganayo. Ukufaka isivalo sensimbi esicindezelwe kabili se-API 682 esinohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwe-Plan 53B accumulator ku-water loop engenangozi, enokushisa okumaphakathi kungakhulisa izindleko zemali ngaphezu kuka-300% futhi kube nzima ngokungadingekile.izindlela zokulungisa opharetha. Isiciko esifanele semishini sisebenza ngokungabonakali, sifinyelela umgomo waso womjikelezo wokuphila wezinyanga ezingu-36 kuya kwezingu-60 ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa kokubili ukuphepha kwesitshalo kanye nezindleko eziphelele zobunikazi.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Iziphetho ezibaluleke kakhulu kanye nesizathu se-Right Mechanical Seal
• Imininingwane, ukuhambisana, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi okufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele
• Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezisebenzayo kanye nezixwayiso abafundi abangazisebenzisa ngokushesha

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Yiluphi uhlobo lwesivalo oluvame ukuba ngcono kakhulu kumaphampu amakhemikhali ashisa kakhulu?

Izivalo zensimbi ezigobhozayo zivame ukuthandwa ngaphezu kuka-204°C ngoba zisingatha ukwanda kokushisa futhi zigwema ukulenga kwe-elastomer. Kumakhemikhali anobuthi noma anomfutho ophezulu womusi, cabanga ngesivalo se-cartridge esikabili.

Yimuphi idatha yenqubo okufanele ngiyiqoqe ngaphambi kokukhetha uphawu lomshini?

Nikeza igama loketshezi, izinga lokusebenza kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ingcindezi, ingcindezi yomhwamuko, i-viscosity, okuqukethwe kwezinto eziqinile, usayizi womgodi, isivinini, kanye nemodeli yephampu. Lokhu kuvumela abahlinzeki abanjengoVictor Seals ukuthi bafanise ukwakheka kwesivalo, ubuso, kanye nama-elastomer ngokunembile.

Ngizikhetha kanjani izinto zokuvala ubuso ngamakhemikhali ashisayo nanolaka?

Sebenzisa inhlanganisela yobuso obuqinile njenge-silicon carbide noma i-tungsten carbide lapho amakhemikhali ebolisa noma izinto eziqinile zidlula u-2%. Zimelana nokuguguleka kangcono kunobuso obuthambile futhi zithuthukisa impilo yenkonzo emsebenzini wokucindezela onzima.

Kufanele ngisebenzise nini uphawu oluphindwe kabili esikhundleni sophawu olulodwa?

Sebenzisa uphawu oluphindwe kabili uma uketshezi luyingozi, luvutha kalula, luvame ukukhanya, noma lulawula ukukhishwa komoya kubalulekile. Ukuhlelwa okuphindwe kabili ngohlelo lokusekela olufanele kunikeza ukulawula okungcono kokuvuza nokuthembeka.

Ingabe iVictor Seals inganikeza ezinye izinto ezihambisana ne-OEM zamaphampu amakhemikhali?

Yebo. I-Victor Seals inikeza izivalo zemishini ezihambisana ne-OEM nezingena esikhundleni sezinye zemikhiqizo efana ne-Grundfos, i-Alfa Laval, i-IMO, i-Flygt, i-Lowara, ne-Allweiler, okusiza amaqembu okulungisa anciphise isikhathi sokulungisa.