Izivalo Zensimbi Zensimbi Zivimbela Kanjani Ukuvuza Futhi Zivumele Ukungakhiphi Ukukhishwa Kwegesi?

Isingeniso

Ukuvimbela ukuvuza emishinini ejikelezayo akuxhomekile ezintweni zokuvala kuphela, kodwa nasekuklanyweni kokuvala. Izivalo zensimbi ezisebenzisa imishini zibhekana nenye yezindawo ezivame kakhulu zokuhluleka ezivaloni ezivamile ngokufaka esikhundleni sama-elastomer aguquguqukayo ngezivalo zensimbi eziguquguqukayo ezigcina umthwalo wobuso ngaphansi kwezimo ezidinga kakhulu. Lokhu kuzenza zibe yigugu kakhulu ezinsizakalweni zokushisa okuphezulu, ezibolayo, kanye nezinsizakalo ezizwela ukukhishwa kwegesi lapho ngisho nokuvuza okuncane kungathinta ukuphepha, ukuthobela imithetho, kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza. Ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zivalo zisebenza kanjani kusiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani zivame ukukhethwa ngezinhloso eziqinile zokukhipha ugesi, nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo ezinikezayo ngaphezu kokuhlelwa kwe-pusher seal yendabuko ezindaweni zokusebenza zangempela.

Kungani Izivalo Zensimbi Zensimbi Zibalulekile Ekuvimbeleni Ukuvuza

Kwesimanjeizinhlelo zokuphatha uketshezi, ukufeza ukukhishwa okungekho mfucuza kanye nokwandisa ukuthembeka kwemishini kuyizinhloso ezibalulekile kubasebenzi bezitshalo. Izivalo zensimbi ezisebenzisa imishini ziye zavela njengobuchwepheshe bokuvala obuqondile bokusetshenziswa okushisa okuphezulu, okugqwala kakhulu, kanye nokuzwela imvelo. Ngokungafani nezivalo zendabuko zokusunduza, ezithembele ku-elastomer yesibili enamandla ukuze zivumelane nokuguguleka kobuso kanye nokunyakaza komgodi, izivalo zensimbi zisebenzisa umongo wensimbi oqhubekayo noguquguqukayo. Lokhu kushintsha okuyisisekelo kwezakhiwo kususa ubuthakathaka obuyinhloko bezivalo ezijwayelekile: indandatho ye-O enamandla.

Ngokususa i-elastomer eshelelayo,izivalo zensimbi zomshiningokwemvelo kuvimbela ukuqhekeka kwe-shaft futhi kuqede ukuwohloka kwe-elastomer okubangelwa ukujikeleza kokushisa okukhulu. Le nzuzo yesakhiwo ivumela izikhungo zenqubo ukuthi zidlule imingcele yokusebenza ngenkathi zinamathela emithethweni yezemvelo eqinile, ziguqula ingxenye yomshini ibe yimpahla ebalulekile yokuthobela imithetho kanye nokuqhubeka kokusebenza.

Indima ekulawuleni ukukhishwa kwegesi kanye nokuthembeka kwayo

Ukuzama ukugwema ukukhishwa kwegesi ekucutshungulweni kwama-hydrocarbon kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali kulawulwa kakhulu yizikhungo zemvelo emhlabeni jikelele. Ngaphansi kwezinhlaka ezifana ne-United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 21, izikhungo zijeziswa ngokuqinile ngokuvuza kwe-volatile organic compound (VOC) okungaphezu kwemingcele ephansi njengezingxenye ezingu-500 ngesigidi (ppm). Ezindaweni ezinzima ezingafinyeleleki, izifunda zokuphathwa kwekhwalithi yomoya zasendaweni zingase ziphoqelele imikhawulo efinyelela ku-100 ppm.

Izivalo zensimbi ezisebenzisa imishini zidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukuhambisana nale mingcele eqinile. Ngenxa yokuthi umongo we-bellows uvalwe ngokunamathela ngokushelela okunembile, ayikho indlela yesibili yokuvuza enamandla. Lolu hlelo lwesibili lokuvala oluqinile luqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhishwa kwegesi okubalekayo kugcinwa ngaphansi kakhulu kwemingcele yokulawula, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuthembeka okuphelele kanye nesikhathi esimaphakathi phakathi kokwehluleka (MTBF) kwemishini ejikelezayo.

Lapho ziletha khona inani elilinganisekayo

Inani elilinganiselwe lezimbozo zensimbi ezisebenzisa imishini libonakala ngokucacile ekusetshenzisweni lapho ama-elastomer endabuko ehluleka khona. Emisebenzini yokucwenga, ikakhulukazi ekucutshungulweni okungaphansi kwebhareli, uketshezi lokudlulisa ukushisa, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-asphalt, amazinga okushisa okupompa avame ukudlula ama-200°C (392°F) futhi angafinyelela ku-400°C (752°F). Kulezi zimo ezibucayi, ngisho nama-perfluoroelastomer athuthukile alahlekelwa ubuqotho bawo bokusebenza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezisetshenzisweni ezivame ukuphekwa noma ukwakheka kwekristalu, ukungabikho kwendandatho ye-O eshelelayo kuvimbela uphawu ukuthi “lungalengi” emshafini. Lapho uketshezi lwenqubo luqina lapho luvezwa emoyeni, indandatho ye-O-ring enamandla yesivalo sokucindezela izoma, okuholela ekuhlukaneni kobuso ngokushesha kanye nokuvuza okubi kakhulu. Uphawu lwesibili olumile lomklamo wezinsimbi zensimbi ludlula ngokuphelele le modi yokwehluleka, lwandise isikhathi sokusebenza kwepompo ngezinkulungwane zamahora okusebenza futhi lunikeze imbuyiselo esheshayo ekutshalweni kwezimali naphezu kwezindleko zokuthenga eziphezulu zokuqala.

Indlela Izivalo Zensimbi Ezivikela Ngayo Ukuvuza

Indlela eyisisekelo izivalo zensimbi ezisebenzisa izivalo zikagesi ukuvimbela ukuvuza incike ekhonweni lazo lokugcina umthwalo wobuso ofanele futhi ofanayo ngaphansi kwezimo eziguquguqukayo ezihlukahlukene. Iyunithi yezivalo isebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa njengesipilingi, isici sokuvala esiguquguqukayo, kanye nesithumeli se-torque. Lo mklamo osebenza ngezindlela eziningi wenza kube lula ukwakheka kwezivalo futhi uqede ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi okuvame ukuphazamisa ukulandelela ubuso ezivaloni ezijwayelekile.

Izici zokuklama ezinciphisa ukuvuza

Ingqikithi yobuchwepheshe yi-capsule ye-bellows ehlanganisiwe enqenqemeni. Le ngxenye yakhiwe ngochungechunge lwe-diaphragm yensimbi enesitembu esinembile, noma "amaqabunga," ngokuvamile asukela ku-0.10 kuya ku-0.15 mm ubukhulu. Lawa maqabunga ahlanganiswe nge-micro-plasma noma nge-laser kububanzi bawo bangaphakathi nangaphandle ukuze akhe i-convolution eguquguqukayo.

Lo mklamo ohlanganisiwe onqenqemeni unikeza izinga elifanayo lentwasahlobo elingama-degree angu-360, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuso besivalo esiyinhloko buhlala bufana ngokuphelele futhi buxhumana njalo, noma ngabeumgodi wepompoihlangabezana nokuphambuka okuncane kwe-radial noma ukudlala kwe-axial. Ukususwa kwezipringi nama-O-rings ashukumisayo kususa i-mechanical hysteresis, okusho ukuthi ubuso besivalo bungasabela ngokushesha ekudlidlizeni kwe-shaft ngaphandle kokungqubuzana kokuhudula okubangela ukuvuza ezivikelweni ezivamile.

Indlela izimo zokusebenza ezithinta ngayo ukuvalwa

Izimo zokusebenza, ikakhulukazi ingcindezi kanye nokushisa, zilawula ngqo imikhawulo yokusebenza kwezimbongolo. Izimbongolo zensimbi ezijwayelekile ezine-single ply zivame ukukalwa ngezingcindezi zenqubo ezifika ku-20 kuya ku-25 bar (290 kuya ku-360 psi). Ezisetshenzisweni zokuphakelwa kwamapayipi noma amabhoyila anomfutho ophezulu, izimbongolo ezine-laminated noma ezine-multiply zingaklanywa ukuze zimelane nezingcindezi ezidlula ku-60 bar (870 psi) ngaphandle kokugoba.

Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa nakho kuthinta insimbi ye-bellows core. Njengoba amazinga okushisa enyuka, i-modulus yokunwebeka kwensimbi iyancipha, okushintsha kancane umthwalo wobuso. Amaqembu onjiniyela akhokhela lokhu ngokukhetha ama-alloy aphezulu e-nickel nokubala ngokunembile isethi yokucindezela, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphawu lugcina amandla okuvala anele kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lusebenza emazingeni okushisa acwebezelayo angu--75°C noma ekushiseni okukhulu kufika ku-425°C.

Izindlela zokwehluleka ezivamile ezihlobene nokuvuza

Nakuba ziqinile kakhulu, izivalo zensimbi ezisebenzisa izinsimbi azikwazi ukwehluleka uma zisetshenziswa kabi. Ukukhathala okubangelwa ukugoba kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwehluleka; uma i-viscosity yoketshezi iphezulu kakhulu noma uma ipompo isebenza yomile, ukungqubuzana ebusweni be-seal kungadala i-torque edlula amandla okusika ama-weld e-bellows, okubangela ukuthi ama-convolutions adabuke.

Enye indlela yokwehluleka okuhlobene nokuvuza ukuqhekeka kokugqwala kwe-chloride stress corrosion (CSCC). Uma i-metallurgy engafanele, njengensimbi engagqwali ejwayelekile yochungechunge lwama-300, isetshenziswa endaweni enosawoti oshisayo noma egcwele i-chloride, imifantu emincane izosakazeka emaqabunga amancane acwebezelayo. Okokugcina, ukuphambuka kokushisa kobuso besivalo ngenxa yokupholisa okunganele noma ukuhlanzwa kungagoba izindawo ezigobile, kudale igebe elincane elivumela uketshezi lwenqubo ukuba luphume.

Izinsimbi Zensimbi vs Izimbozo Zokucindezela

Ukukhetha ukwakheka kwe-mechanical seal efanele kudinga ukuhlaziywa okuqhathanisayo phakathi kwe-metal bellows kanye ne-pusher seals yendabuko. Ngenkathi i-pusher seals ibusa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ajwayelekile kanye ne-hydrocarbon elula ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi, i-metal bellows iyisisombululo esiklanywe kahle sezindawo zenqubo ezidingayo lapho imikhawulo ye-elastomer iba yizikweletu zokusebenza.

Umehluko obalulekile ekusebenzeni kanye nemikhawulo

Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwalezi zobuchwepheshe ezimbili usemshinini wokuvala wesibili. Izimbobo zokucindezela zisebenzisa i-O-ring enamandla noma i-V-ring okumele ishelele eceleni komgodi noma esikhwameni ukuze ibuyisele ukuguguleka kobuso. Lesi senzo sokushelela sibangela ukugoba komgodi—indlela yokuguguleka eyonakalisayo—futhi sisengozini enkulu yokugoba uma uketshezi luqina. Izimbobo zensimbi zisebenzisa izimbobo zesibili ezimile (ngokuvamile ukupakisha i-graphite noma izimbobo ze-O ezimile), zisusa ukugoba ngokuphelele.

Njengoba kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe ekuqhathaniseni, izivalo ze-pusher zinqunyelwe ngokuqinile yizingxenye zazo ze-elastomeric. Ngisho nama-perfluoroelastomer athuthuke kakhulu ancipha ngokushesha ngaphezu kuka-315°C (600°F), kanti izimbobo ezifakwe emaphethelweni ezakhiwe ngama-alloy asebenza kahle zingasebenza kahle ngaphezu kuka-400°C.

Ungakhetha nini izivalo zegesi ezilodwa, ezimbili, i-cartridge, noma ezomile

Ukucushwa kwesivalo sensimbi kumele kulungiselelwe ngokwezinga elithile lengozi yoketshezi lwenqubo. Izivalo zensimbi ezi-single zichazwe uketshezi olungeyona ingozi, olushisa kakhulu njengamafutha ashisayo, lapho ukuvuza okuncane komhwamuko kungafaki ingozi emvelweni noma yokuphepha.

Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-VOC ezinobuthi, ezivuthayo, noma ezilawulwa ngokuqinile, ukumiswa kwe-dual seal kuyimpoqo. I-dual unpressurized seal (API Plan 52) inikeza indlela yokuphepha yokusekela futhi ibamba ukukhishwa, kuyilapho i-dual pressurized seal (API Plan 53A/B/C) iqinisekisa ukukhishwa kwenqubo okungu-zero ngokugcina uketshezi oluvimbelayo lunomfutho ophezulu kunoketshezi lwenqubo.Ukucushwa kwekhatrijiZithandwa kakhulu kuzo zonke lezi zinhlobo, njengoba zisetha kusengaphambili ukucindezelwa kwe-bellows ethambile efektri, zisusa amaphutha okufakwa phansi esitolo. Izivalo zegesi ezomile ezine-bellows nazo zisetshenziswa ezisetshenzisweni ezikhethekile zesigaba somusi lapho uketshezi oluvimbela uketshezi lungamukeleki khona.

Ukucaciswa, Ukufakwa, kanye Nokuhambisana

Ukucaciswa okufanele, ukufakwa ngokucophelela, kanye nokunamathela ezindinganisweni zomhlaba wonke kubalulekile ekuvuleni amandla aphelele okukhipha ukungcola kwensimbi. I-seal esebenza kahle izohluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi uma izilawuli zemvelo ezizungezile kanye nezinhlelo zamapayipi zingaklanywanga ukusekela i-envelope yayo yokusebenza ethile.

Idatha yohlelo lokusebenza ebalulekile okufanele icaciswe

Uma becacisa uphawu lwensimbi oluyi-bellows, onjiniyela kumele bahlaziye amaphuzu amaningana edatha abalulekile ngale nje kokucindezela kanye nokushisa. I-fluid viscosity ibaluleke kakhulu; i-metal bellows ngokuvamile ilinganiswa ngoketshezi olufika ku-3,000 cSt. Ukudlula lokhu ku-viscosity ngaphandle kokushisa okufanele kungabangela ukushefa okweqile kwe-torsional, kuqede ama-bellows welds ngesikhathi sokuqalisa kwephampu.

Umkhawulo womfutho womswakama woketshezi kumele futhi ubalwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhanya ebusweni besivalo. Uma uketshezi luphenduka umhwamuko phakathi kobuso bokuqala, lubangela ukugeleza okomile, ukukhiqizwa kokushisa okusheshayo, kanye nomonakalo wobuso ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla adonsela phansi athile kanye nokuba khona kwezinto ezilengayo kunquma ukuthi umklamo wezinsimbi ezijikelezayo noma ezimile uyadingeka yini, njengoba izinsimbi ezijikelezayo zingazihlanza ngokwazo ngamandla e-centrifugal kodwa zikhawulelwe esivinini esiphansi.

Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokufaka nokuhlanza uhlelo

Impumelelo yokufaka incike kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlelo ezifanele ze-API 682 flush. Ezinhlelweni zokushisa okuphezulu—indlela eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi zensimbi—i-API Plan 62 ivame ukusetshenziswa. Lolu hlelo lwethula i-steam quench ephansi yokucindezela ohlangothini lomoya lwesivalo, ivimbela ukuxinana kanye nokuqina koketshezi lwenqubo olugeleza ebusweni.

Uma usebenzisa ukucushwa okuphindwe kabili okucindezelwe (uHlelo 53A noma 53B), uhlelo loketshezi oluvimbezelayo kumele lugcinwe ngokucophelela. Imikhuba emihle inquma ukuthi umfutho woketshezi oluvimbezelayo kumele ugcinwe ku-differential okungenani engu-1.5 kuya ku-2.0 bar (22 kuya ku-29 psi) ngaphezu komfutho ophezulu webhokisi lokugcwala. Ukwehluleka ukugcina lo mehluko kuzoholela ekubuyiselweni koketshezi lwenqubo ohlelweni lokuvimbela, kungcolise uphawu futhi kubeke engcupheni umyalelo we-zero-emissions.

Izidingo ze-API, i-ISO, kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi okufanelekile

Ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zobunjiniyela bamazwe ngamazwe kuqinisekisa ukuthi izivalo zensimbi ziyahlangabezana nezilinganiso zokuthembeka eziqinile. I-American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard 682 (Uhlelo lwesi-4) kanye ne-ISO 21049 zinikeza izinhlaka ezicacile zokufaneleka kwesivalo. Ngaphansi kwe-API 682, izivalo zensimbi ziwela ikakhulukazi ekuhlukanisweni kohlobo B (izivalo ezijikelezayo) kanye nohlobo C (izivalo ezimile).

Kumaphampu eSigaba 2 no-3 asebenza ezinsizakalweni ezibalulekile zokuhlanza, izimbobo ezimile zohlobo C zivame ukuphoqelelwa ukuthi ziphathe isivinini esiphezulu somgodi kanye nokungahambisani kahle okukhulu. Ukuhlangabezana nalezi zincazelo ze-API kuqinisekisa ukuthi uphawu luye lwahlolwa ngendlela ejwayelekile, okuqinisekisa ukuthi luzogcina izidingo eziqinile zokukhishwa komoya, njengokugcina ukuvuza kwe-VOC kungaphansi kwama-500 ppm esikhathini sokusebenza esingaphazanyiswa okungenani samahora angu-25,000.

Indlela Yokuhlola Nokukhetha Isici Esifanele

Ukuhlola nokukhetha uphawu lomshini olufanele kakhulu lwensimbi olunezimbobo kudinga ukulinganisela imikhawulo ye-thermodynamic, ukuhambisana kwamakhemikhali, kanye nezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila. Amaqembu obunjiniyela bokuthembeka kumele adlule ngale kwamanani okuqala okuthenga ukuze ahlole ukuthi ukukhetha okuthile kwensimbi kanye nezakhiwo zophawu kuzothinta kanjani isikhathi eside sokusebenza kwemishini.

Izindlela zokukhetha zabasebenzisi bokugcina

Kubasebenzisi bokugcina, ukukhethwa kwensimbi ethambile kuyisinqumo esibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kunquma kokubili ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nesikhathi sokukhathala kwemishini. Izinsimbi ezijwayelekile ezingagqwali azivamile ukwanele ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni ezinamandla.

Njengoba kuboniswe ku-metallurgical selection matrix, i-Inconel 718 iyindinganiso yemboni yezicelo zokuhlanza ezishisa kakhulu, enikeza amandla amahle kakhulu okukhathala. I-Hastelloy C-276 ichazwa lapho inqubo iqukethe amazinga aphezulu ama-chloride noma i-hydrogen sulfide, okungabangela ngokushesha ukuqhekeka kokugqwala kokucindezeleka kuma-alloy amancane.

Isiqondiso sokugcina samaqembu okulungisa nokuthembeka

Amaqembu okulungisa nokuthembekakumele bahlole ukukhethwa kwesivalo ngelensi ye-Total Cost of Ownership (TCO). Ngenkathi isivalo sensimbi esenziwe ngokugcwele, esifana ne-cartridge, sine-premium yezindleko ezinkulu ezingama-20% kuya ku-30% ngaphezu kwesivalo sokusunduza esifanayo, ukuqedwa kokufakwa esikhundleni kwesivalo somgodi kanye nokunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe kunciphisa ngokushesha lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala.

Isiqondiso sokugcina sezinhlelo zokuthembeka sihilela ukusungula izinkomba zokusebenza eziqinile (ama-KPI) zemishini ejikelezayo.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Iziphetho ezibaluleke kakhulu kanye nesizathu se-Metal Bellows Mechanical Seals
• Imininingwane, ukuhambisana, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi okufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele
• Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezisebenzayo kanye nezixwayiso abafundi abangazisebenzisa ngokushesha

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Kungani izivalo zensimbi ezisebenzisa imishini zivuza kancane kunezivalo zokucindezela?

Basusa i-O-ring enamandla, indlela evamile yokuvuza. Izimbobo zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe zinikeza ukulayisha kobuso okufanayo kanye nokuvala kwesibili okungaguquki, okunciphisa ukukhuhla, ukulengiswa, kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi okubalekayo.

Kufanele ngikhethe nini uphawu lomshini olusebenzisa insimbi?

Yikhethele izinsizakalo zokushisa okuphezulu, ezibolayo, ezipheka, noma ezikhiqiza amakristalu lapho ama-elastomer ehluleka khona. Iwusizo kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwamakhemikhali, uwoyela negesi, amandla, kanye nephampu yasolwandle.

Ingabe izivalo zensimbi ezisebenzisa imishini zingasekela imigomo yokukhipha ukungcola okungenayo igesi?

Yebo. Izimbozo zabo ezifakwe emanzini kanye nokuvalwa kwesibili okungaguquki kusiza ukugcina ukuvuza kwe-VOC kuphansi kakhulu, kusekela imigomo eqinile yokukhishwa kwezitshalo kanye nezinhlelo zokulungisa ezigxile ekulandeleni imithetho.

Yimiphi imikhawulo yokusebenza okufanele abathengi bayihlole ngaphambi kokukhetha eyodwa?

Qinisekisa izinga lokushisa lenqubo, ingcindezi, ukugqwala kwemidiya, ukunyakaza komshafti, kanye nemodeli yephampu. Imiklamo ejwayelekile ivame ukuhambisana nokucindezela okulinganiselwe, kuyilapho izinsimbi eziningi zisetshenziselwa imisebenzi yokucindezela okuphezulu.

Ingabe i-Victor Seals inikeza izivalo zensimbi ezihambisana ne-OEM zamaphampu ezimboni?

Yebo. I-Victor Seals ikhiqiza izivalo zensimbi ezisebenzisa imishini kanye nezindawo zokufaka esikhundleni ezihambisana ne-OEM zezidingo eziningi zokulungisa amaphampu, okuhlanganisa nemikhiqizo efana ne-Grundfos, IMO, Alfa Laval, kanye ne-Allweiler.