Izivalo Zensimbi Zingasiza Kanjani Ekwehliseni Ukukhishwa Kwegesi Emkhathini Ezimbonini?

Isingeniso

Ukulawula ukukhishwa kwegesi okubalekayo sekuyinkinga ebalulekile yokuklama izitshalo ezisingatha ama-VOC kanye noketshezi lwenqubo oluyingozi, ikakhulukazi eduze kwamaphampu nama-compressor lapho ukuvuza kuvame khona. Izivalo zensimbi ezigobhozayo zibhekana nale nkinga ngokufaka izingxenye ezinamandla ezivame ukwehluleka ngesici sokuvala esihlanganisiwe, esiguquguqukayo esisebenza ngokwethembeka ngaphansi kokushisa, ingcindezi, kanye nesevisi enamandla yamakhemikhali. Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi lo mklamo usiza kanjani ukunciphisa amazinga okuvuza, ukusekela ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokukhishwa kwegesi eziqinile, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kwemishini ngesikhathi esifanayo. Siphinde sichaze ukuthi izivalo zensimbi ezigobhozayo zifanelana kuphi kangcono, kungani zivame ukusebenza kangcono kunezivalo zemishini ezivamile, nokuthi onjiniyela kufanele bazicabangele lapho bezihlola ngamasu okunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi.

Indlela Izivalo Zensimbi Ezinciphisa Ngayo Ukukhishwa Kwegesi Ezimbonini

Izikhungo zezinqubo zezimboni zibhekene nokuhlolwa okunzima mayelana nomthelela wazo emvelweni, kanye nezinhlaka zomthetho eziphoqelela ukulawulwa okuqinile kwamakhemikhali e-volatible organic (ama-VOC) kanye nokungcola komoya okuyingozi (ama-HAP). Imishini ejikelezayo, ikakhulukazi amaphampu e-centrifugal nama-compressor, ngokomlando ibangela ukukhishwa okufika ku-60% ngaphakathiizitshalo zamakhemikhali kanye ne-petrochemicalUkubhekana nalezi zindawo zokuvuza kuyisiqondiso sobunjiniyela esiyinhloko sokuthobela imithetho kanye nokusebenza kahle.

Ubuchwepheshe bokuvala obuthuthukisiwe buyindawo yokungenelela ephumelela kakhulu yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ezingeni lemishini. Phakathi kwalezi zobuchwepheshe, izivalo zensimbi zinikeza ikhambi eliklanywe kahle kakhulu elenzelwe ukususa ubuthakathaka obungokwemvelo bezindlela zokuvala zendabuko. Ngokushintsha ngokuyisisekelo isikhombimsebenzisi sokuvala esiguquguqukayo, lobu buchwepheshe buhlinzeka ngesithiyo esiqinile ngokumelene nokukhishwa kwegesi okubalekayo, ngisho nasezisetshenzisweni zoketshezi oluguquguqukayo, olushisa kakhulu.

Kungani kubalulekile ukulawula ukukhishwa kwegesi okusabalele

Ukukhishwa kwegesi okusabalele kumelela isibopho esikhulu sezemvelo nesezezimali kubasebenzi bezimboni. Izindinganiso zomthetho, njenge-EPA's Method 21 kanye ne-API 682 mechanical seal standard, ziye zehlisa amazinga okuvuza avumelekile ngokuhlelekile. Ngenkathi imikhawulo yomlando ivumela ukuvuza kufikela kuzingxenye eziyi-10,000 ngesigidi ngevolumu (ppmv), iziqondiso zanamuhla zivame ukuvimbela ukukhishwa kwegesi okungaphansi kuka-500 ppmv, kanye nemithetho yendawo ephokophela imingcele engaphansi kuka-100 ppmv.

Ukwehluleka ukugcina le mikhawulo eqinile kuholela ezijezisweni zezimali ezinzima, ukwanda kohlelo lokuthola nokukhanda ukuvuza (LDAR) okuphoqelekile nokubizayo, kanye nokulahlekelwa okuqondile kwezomnotho koketshezi lwenqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhishwa okuyingozi okungalawulwa kubeka izingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha emsebenzini futhi konakalisa ingqalasizinda ezungezile ngokugqwala okusheshayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuthuthukela kubuchwepheshe bokuvala ukukhishwa okungenayo noma okuphansi akuseyona into yokuthuthukisa ukuthembeka okukhethwayo, kodwa kuyisidingo sokuthobela imithetho eyisisekelo.

Indlela izivalo ze-bellow ezinciphisa ngayo izindlela zokuvuza

Izimpawu ezivamile zemishinibathembele ezintweni zokuvala zesibili eziguquguqukayo—ngokuvamile ama-O-rings elastomeric—okumelwe zishelele eceleni komgodi wepompo ukuze zilungise ukuguguleka kobuso besivalo kanye nokwanda kokushisa. Lokhu kunyakaza okuguquguqukayo kudala ubuthakathaka obuyinhloko: njengoba i-elastomer iqina noma ubuso bomgodi buwohloka, kwakheka izindlela zokuvuza ezincane kakhulu, okuvumela ama-VOC ukuba abalekele emkhathini.

Izivalo zensimbi ezigoqekayo zisusa ngokuphelele le ndlela yokuvuza yesibili enamandla. Ingaphakathi le-bellows lisebenza njengomshini wentwasahlobo kanye nesivalo sesibili, livala ngokuma ngokumelene nomgodi noma isikhafu ngenkathi ligobeka ukuze livumelane nokunyakaza kobuso. Ngenxa yokuthi i-bellows assembly ivalwe ngokungenasici futhi ayidingi i-elastomer eshelelayo, umsele oyinhloko wokukhishwa komoya okubalekayo uyasuswa. Lesi sixhumanisi sokuvala sesibili esingaguquki siqinisekisa ukuthi okuwukuphela kwendawo yokuvuza okungenzeka iphezu kobuso be-primary seal obucwebezelisiwe kakhulu, obungaphathwa nge-topography yobuso obuthuthukisiwe kanye nezinhlelo zoketshezi oluvimbezelayo.

Yiziphi Izimbozo Zensimbi Ezithambile Futhi Ziphi Ezivelele?

Izivalo zensimbi ezishayayo zimelela uhlobo olukhethekile lwezivalo zemishini ezingasebenzisi i-pusher ezenzelwe izindawo lapho izingxenye ezijwayelekile ze-elastomeric zihluleka khona. Ziyakwazi ukugcina ubuqotho bezivalo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokusebenza eziyingozi, ziphatha njalo amazinga okushisa oketshezi kusukela ekushiseni okuphansi okungu--75°C kuya ekushiseni okungaphezu kuka-400°C ngaphandle kokuwohloka okuhlobene nezivalo zesibili ezisekelwe ku-polymer.

Ngokuhlanganisa umsebenzi wokuvala wesibili kanye nendlela yokulayisha ngomshini engxenyeni eyodwa, yensimbi yonke, lezi zivalo zinikeza indawo yokuvala ezinzile kakhulu futhi ebikezelwayo. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye akugcini nje ngokunciphisa amathuba amaphutha okuhlanganisa kodwa futhi kunciphisa nengozi yokungahambisani kwamakhemikhali okuvame ukuhlupha izivalo zokucindezela ezinezingxenye eziningi.

Indlela izivalo ze-bellow ezihlanganisiwe nezakhiwe ngayo ezakhiwa ngayo

Inqubo yokukhiqizainquma imikhawulo yokusebenza kanye nezici zemishini ze-bellows. Izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwakha ukushisela emaphethelweni kanye nokufaka amanzi. I-bellows e-edge-welded yakhiwa ngokunyathela ama-diaphragm anembile avela kumashidi amancane e-alloy—ngokuvamile asukela ku-0.10 mm kuya ku-0.25 mm ubukhulu—futhi iwashisele kububanzi bangaphakathi nangaphandle ukuze kwakheke umongo ohlanganisiwe. Le ndlela ivumela ubude obukhulu bokushaywa, ukuguquguquka okuhle kakhulu, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka okuhle kakhulu kuwo wonke ama-seams e-weld.

Izimbobo ezakhiwe, ngokuphambene nalokho, zakhiwa ngokucindezela ishubhu lensimbi elinodonga oluncane nge-hydraulic kuphrofayili ehlanganisiwe. Nakuba izimbobo ezakhiwe ngokuvamile zingabizi kakhulu ukukhiqiza futhi azinazo izimbobo zokushisela, zibonisa amazinga aphezulu entwasahlobo kanye nokuhamba okulinganiselwe kwe-axial uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye zazo ezifakwe onqenqemeni. Ezisetshenzisweni zezimboni ezisebenza kahle kakhulu lapho kudingeka khona ukulayisha ubuso okunembile kanye nokuguquguquka okuphezulu ukuvimbela ukukhishwa kwegesi, izimbobo ezenziwe onqenqemeni zihlala ziyindinganiso yemboni.

Indlela ezihluke ngayo ezimpahleni ezivamile zemishini

Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwezinsimbi zensimbi kanye nezimpawu zomshini ezivamile zokucindezela ulele endleleni uphawu lwesibili oluhambisana ngayo nokuguquguquka komgodi. Izivikelo zokucindezela zisebenzisa i-O-ring enamandla efakwe entwasahlobo okumele icindezele ngokomzimba emgodleni. Lesi senzo sokushelela siholela ekuqhekekeni komgodi—into egugile endaweni ethile egoqa umgodi, idale iziteshi zokuvuza ezihlala njalo futhi idinge ukushintshwa komgodi okubizayo.

Izivalo zensimbi ezingacindezeli zihlala zingashintshi ngokuphelele uma kuqhathaniswa nesivikelo somgodi, zisebenzisa ukuguqulwa okunwebekayo kwezindonga zensimbi ukuze kugcinwe ukuxhumana kobuso. Lokhu kuqeda ukukhukhumala komgodi ngokuphelele futhi kususa ingozi yokuthi isivalo "silenga," isimo lapho udoti noma uketshezi olufakwe i-polymerized kubangela ukuthi i-O-ring enamandla inamathele, okuphoqa ubuso besivalo sokuqala ukuba buhlukane futhi kubangele ukuvuza okubi kakhulu.

Izici Eziyinhloko Zokuklama Ukusebenza Kwesivalo

Ukuthuthukisa izivalo zensimbi ezigoqekayo kudinga ukuhlaziywa okujulile kwendawo ethile yenqubo. Ngenxa yokuthi i-bellows core isebenza njengesakhi sesakhiwo kanye nesakhi esiguquguqukayo, ukwakheka kwayo kumele kulinganise ngokucophelela ukuguquguquka kokulandelela ubuso ngokumelene namandla omshini adingekayo ukumelana nezingcindezi zesistimu. Izivalo ezijwayelekile ezigoqekayo ezigoqekile ezigoqekile ezivame ukusebenza ngokwethembeka kuze kufike kumabha angu-20 kuya kwangu-25, kuyilapho ukucushwa okukhethekile kwe-multi-ply kuklanyelwe ukumelana nezingcindezi ezingaphezu kwamabha angu-60.

Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezakhiwo ze-metallurgical, i-tribology yezinto zobuso, kanye ne-dynamics yokusebenza kunquma ukuthembeka okuphezulu kanye nekhono lokulawula ukukhishwa kwe-seal assembly.

Indlela ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa, imidiya, kanye nokunyakaza komgodi okuthinta ngayo ukukhetha

Ukuziphatha komshini we-bellows core kuncike kakhulu ekucindezelweni kwesistimu kanye nokushisa. Ukucindezeleka okuphezulu kungabangela ukungazinzi kwe-bellows noma "ukugoba," okudinga izinto ezijiyile noma imiklamo eminingi, okwandisa izinga lentwasahlobo futhi kunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwe-axial. Onjiniyela kumele babale iphrofayili ye-convolution efanele ukuze balondoloze amandla okuvala ahambisanayo ebusweni besivalo ngaphandle kokudlula imikhawulo yokukhathala yensimbi.

Izici zemidiya kanye nokunyakaza kwe-shaft nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile. Uketshezi oluqinile noma olucwebezelayo lungangena kuma-convolutions e-bellows, luvimbele ukunyakaza. Ezimweni ezinjalo, imiklamo ye-convolution ebanzi ichazwe ukuze kube lula ukuzihlanza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunyakaza kwe-axial shaft ngokweqile noma ukugeleza kwe-radial kungenza ama-bellows abe nokucindezeleka kokugoba okujikelezayo, okusheshisa ukukhathala kwensimbi uma ukushaywa kudlula ukubekezelelana okwenziwe ngomklamo othize we-bellows.

Yiziphi izinto zokwakha kanye nokuhlanganiswa kobuso okuthuthukisa ukuthembeka

Ukukhethwa kwensimbi kunquma imingcele yokusebenza kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwesivalo. Izimbobo ezijwayelekile zivame ukwakhiwa ngensimbi engagqwali ye-AM350, okunikeza ibhalansi eyisisekelo yamandla kanye nokushiselwa. Ezindaweni zamakhemikhali ezinamandla noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu, ama-alloy e-nickel aphezulu njenge-Alloy C-276 noma i-Alloy 718 acacisiwe ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka kokugqwala kokucindezeleka nokugcina amandla okubamba lapho kushisa kakhulu.

Izinto zobuso eziyinhloko zokuvala zibaluleke ngokulinganayo ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwegesi. Izinhlanganisela zobuso obuqinile, njenge-Silicon Carbide (SiC) ejikelezayo ngokumelene ne-Tungsten Carbide (WC), zinikeza ukumelana nokuguguleka okumangalisayo ekusetshenzisweni okunolaka. Kodwa-ke, koketshezi olunamafutha amancane, ubuso be-Silicon Carbide obusebenza ngokumelene nobuso obungaguquguquki be-Carbon Graphite obungavimbeli amabhamuza bunikeza i-coefficient ephansi yokungqubuzana, kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kokushisa futhi kuvimbele ukuhwamuka koketshezi olusendaweni okungaphula isithiyo sokukhishwa kwegesi.

Indlela izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila kanye nokusebenza kokuvuza okuqhathaniswa ngayo

Nakuba izimbobo zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe zidinga izindleko zokuqala eziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezimbobo ezijwayelekile ze-elastomeric pusher, ukusebenza kwazo kokuvuza komjikelezo wokuphila kuphakeme kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okudingakalayo. Izimbobo ezisetshenziswayo ezisezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu zivame ukuhlushwa ukuwohloka kwe-elastomer, okuholela ekwandeni kokukhishwa komoya okuqhubekayo futhi kudingeke ukuthi kushintshwe njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-12 kuya kwezingu-18.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, uphawu lwensimbi olucacisiwe kahle olusebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele yalo yokuklama lungandisa isikhathi esiphakathi phakathi kokwehluleka (i-MTBF) sibe yizinyanga ezingu-36 kuya kwezingu-60. Lo mjikelezo wokuphila oweluliwe awugcini nje ngokunciphisa izindleko zokuqala eziphezulu kodwa futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi imishini ihlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele eqinile yokuthobela imvelo, igwema izinhlawulo ze-LDAR kanye nezindleko ezihambisana nokuphazamiseka kokulungiswa okungahleliwe.

Indlela Yokucacisa, Ukufaka, Nokugcina Izimbozo Ze-Bellows

Izinzuzo zemfundiso yenkolo zezivalo zensimbi zitholakala kuphela ngokunamathela ngokuqinile ezimisweni eziqinile, ukufakwa, kanye nezinqubo zokuthenga. Ubunjiniyela bokunemba bungasuswa kalula ngokuphathwa okungafanele noma imishini engalingani kahle. Izindinganiso zemboni zithi imishini ejikelezayo kumele igcine ukubekezelelana okuqinile kwemishini; isibonelo, izidingo ze-API 682 Isigaba 2 kanye nesigaba 3 zithi ukuphambuka komgodi ebusweni besivalo akumele kudlule u-0.05 mm ngaphansi komthwalo oguqukayo.

Ukusungula indlela ejwayelekile yokucacisa nokufaka lezi zivalo kuqinisekisa ukuthi amakhono okulawula ukukhishwa komoya kobuchwepheshe be-bellows asebenza ngokugcwele ensimini.

Indlela yokucacisa izisimbiso zesicelo

Izinqubo zokucacisa kumele zivumelane nezindinganiso zemboni eziqashelwayo, ikakhulukazi i-API 682, lapho izinsimbi zensimbi zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngaphansi kohlobo B (izinsimbi ezijikelezayo) noma uhlobo C (izinsimbi ezimile). Onjiniyela kumele bachaze izakhiwo eziqondile zoketshezi, imingcele yokucindezela komusi, kanye nezikhathi zokushisa ezizobhekana nophawu.

Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukucaciswa kohlelo lokuhlanza olusizayo. Ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokufaka amapayipi ze-API—njenge-Plan 11 yokuhlanza igumbi lokuvala, noma i-Plan 52/53A yezinhlelo zoketshezi oluvala izivalo ezimbili—kubalulekile ekuphatheni indawo eshisayo ezungeze ubuso bokuvala. Ezisetshenzisweni ze-zero-emissions ezihilela ama-HAP anobuthi obukhulu, ukucacisa uphawu oluvala izivalo ezimbili olucindezelwe (i-Plan 53A) kuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuvuza okungenzeka ebusweni obuyinhloko kuqukethe uketshezi oluvala izivalo olungasebenzi kunokuba kube yimidiya yenqubo eyingozi.

Indlela ukufakwa kanye nokufakwa kwemishini okuthinta ngayo ukusebenza

Ukulungiswa kwesivalo sekhatrijiziye zalinganisa kakhulu inqubo yokufaka, zanciphisa izingozi ezihlobene nokuhlanganiswa kwezinga lezingxenye. Izivalo ze-Cartridge bellows zihlanganiswa kusengaphambili futhi zisethwe kusengaphambili efektri, ziqinisekisa ukuthi umongo we-bellows ucindezelwe ubude bawo obuqondile bokusebenza—ngokuvamile okudinga ukucindezela kokusebenza okungu-3 kuya ku-5 mm ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla okuvala ubuso afanele.

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, opharetha kumele baqinisekise ukuhambisana kwemishini, baqinisekise ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-angular kanye ne-parallel kungaphakathi kokubekezelelana okuqinile. Ukususwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kweziqeshana zokusetha ngaphambi kokuba ikhatriji iboshwe ngokuphelele ekhasejini lephampu kungashintsha ukucindezeleka kwentwasahlobo, okuholela ekuvuza kobuso ngokushesha noma ukwehluleka okusheshayo kokukhathala kwe-convolutions yensimbi lapho iqala ukusebenza.

Indlela yokuhlola abahlinzeki kanye nezindlela zokuthenga

Ukuthola izivalo ezinamandla eziklanywe kahle kudinga iziqu zomthengisi eziqinile. Abahloli kumele bahlole izinqubo zokulawula ikhwalithi zomkhiqizi, ikakhulukazi maqondana nobuqotho be-weld. Abaphakeli abaphambili basebenzisa amasu okuzenzakalelayo e-micro-plasma noma e-laser welding futhi baqinisekise yonke i-bellows core besebenzisa i-helium mass spectrometry, ngokuvamile bahlola amazinga okuvuza afinyelela ku-$1 \times 10^{-8}$ atm cc/sec.

Izindlela zokuthenga kumele futhi ziphoqelele ukulandelelwa okuphelele kwezinto. Abahlinzeki kufanele banikeze izitifiketi zezinto ze-EN 10204 3.1 zazo zonke izingxenye zensimbi ezimanzi ukuqinisekisa ukwakheka kwe-alloy. Ukuhlola ikhono lomthengisi lokwenza ukulingisa okuguquguqukayo nokuhlinzeka ngokusekelwa kobunjiniyela bendawo kubaluleke ngokulinganayo ekuthembekeni kwesikhathi eside kanye nokuhambisana nokukhishwa komoya.

Lapho Ama-Bellows Seals Eletha Imbuyiselo Engcono Kakhulu

Ukufaka izivalo zensimbi kuzo zonke izikhungo akuvamile ukuba nenzuzo ngokwezomnotho ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zobuchwepheshe. Ukufakwa kwamasu kudinga ukulinganisa amakhono okusebenza kwesivalo ngokumelene nokuthembeka kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho ethile yesitshalo. Izizathu zomnotho zincike embonweni ophelele wokuphathwa komjikelezo wokuphila kwempahla, lapho izindleko zesikhathi sokungasebenzi zivame ukudlula u-$10,000 ngehora ezindaweni zokucubungula okuqhubekayo njengezindawo zokuhlanza uphethiloli kanye nezindawo zokuhlanza uphethiloli.izitshalo zokwenziwa kwamakhemikhali.

Ngokugxila ezintweni ezibalulekile, eziyingozi kakhulu, ukuthembeka

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Iziphetho ezibaluleke kakhulu kanye nesizathu se-Metal Bellows Seals
• Imininingwane, ukuhambisana, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi okufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele
• Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezisebenzayo kanye nezixwayiso abafundi abangazisebenzisa ngokushesha

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Izivalo zensimbi ezisebenzisa izinsimbi zinciphisa kanjani ukukhishwa kwegesi ezimbonini?

Zisusa indlela yokuvuza ye-O-ring eguquguqukayo etholakala ezivalweni zokucindezela. Izimbobo zisebenza njengesivalo sentwasahlobo nesesibili, zisiza amaphampu ukuthi aqukethe ama-VOC kanye noketshezi oluyingozi ngempumelelo enkulu.

Kufanele ngikhethe nini uphawu lwensimbi olunezimbobo esikhundleni sophawu lwensimbi olunezimbobo olunezimbobo?

Khetha izinsimbi zensimbi zokushisa okuphezulu, ukujikeleza kokushisa, amakhemikhali anamandla, noma uketshezi olungenza ama-elastomer aqine. Ziyasebenza emisebenzini eqinile yokupompa ukukhishwa okuphansi.

Yiziphi izimboni ezizuza kakhulu ezimpahleni zensimbi?

Izitshalo zamakhemikhali, ze-petrochemical, ze-oyili negesi, zamandla, zezimayini, zasolwandle nezamanzi zizuza kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho amaphampu ephatha khona izindaba ezishisayo, eziguquguqukayo, noma eziyingozi kanye nezindaba zokuhambisana nokukhishwa komoya.

Ingabe iVictor Seals ingahlinzeka ngezivalo zensimbi ezifakwa esikhundleni sephampu ye-OEM?

Yebo. I-Victor Seals inikeza izimbobo zensimbi nezinye izimbobo zemishini zokufaka esikhundleni nokulungisa okuhambisana ne-OEM, okuhlanganisa nokusekelwa kwemikhiqizo efana ne-Grundfos, IMO, Flygt, Alfa Laval, kanye ne-Allweiler.

Yiziphi izindlela zokulungisa ezisiza izivalo zensimbi ukuthi zingakhiphi ukungcola okuningi?

Hlola isimo sobuso besivalo, ukugeleza komgodi, amapulani okuhlanza, kanye nokushisa kokusebenza. Sebenzisa ubukhulu obufanele bokufaka bese ushintsha imikhono egugile noma amasongo okubopha ngokushesha ukuze ugweme ukuvuza okubalekayo.