amaphampu angomunye wabasebenzisi abakhulu bezimpawu zemishini.Njengoba igama liphakamisa, izimpawu zemishini ziyizimpawu zohlobo lokuxhumana, ezihlukaniswa ne-aerodynamic noma i-labyrinth non-contact seals.Izimpawu zemishininazo libhekene njengoba olinganiselayo mechanical seal nomauphawu lomshini olungalingani.Lokhu kusho ukuthi yimaphi amaphesenti, uma ekhona, ingcindezi yenqubo engafika ngemuva kobuso bophawu olumile.Uma ubuso bophawu bungaphushwa ebusweni obuphothayo (njengasesigxivini sohlobo lwe-pusher) noma uketshezi olucutshungulwayo kungcindezi edinga ukuvalwa akuvunyelwe ukuba lufike ngemuva kobuso bophawu, ukucindezela kwenqubo kuzobuyisela ubuso bophawu emuva. futhi uvule.Umklami wama-seal udinga ukucabangela zonke izimo zokusebenza ukuze aklame uphawu ngamandla okuvala adingekayo kodwa hhayi amandla amakhulu kangangokuthi iyunithi elayisha ebusweni be-dynamic seal idala ukushisa nokuguga okukhulu kakhulu.Lena ibhalansi ethambile eyenza noma ephula ukuthembeka kwephampu.
uphawu oluguqukayo lubhekana ngokuvumela amandla okuvula kunendlela evamile
ukulinganisa amandla okuvala, njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla.Ayiwaqedi amandla okuvala adingekayo kodwa inika umklami wepompo nomsebenzisi elinye iqhosha ukuze ajike ngokuvumela ukuthululwa kwesisindo noma ukuthululwa kobuso bophawu, kuyilapho kugcinwa amandla okuvala adingekayo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukushisa nokuguga kuyilapho kunwetshwa izimo zokusebenza okungenzeka ukuthi zisebenza.
I-Dry Gas Seals (DGS), evame ukusetshenziswa kuma-compressor, inikeza amandla okuvula ebusweni bophawu.La mandla adalwa isimiso esine-aerodynamic, lapho imigodi yokumpompa kahle isiza ukukhuthaza igesi kusukela ohlangothini lwenqubo yokucindezela okukhulu kophawu, iye esikhaleni nasebusweni bophawu njengengxenye yefilimu yoketshezi engathinteki.
Amandla okuvula ama-aerodynamic obuso bophawu lwegesi elomile.I-slope yomugqa imele ukuqina kwegebe.Qaphela ukuthi igebe likumamicrons.
Isimo esifanayo senzeka kumabheringi kawoyela we-hydrodynamic asekela ama-compressor amaningi amakhulu e-centrifugal kanye nama-rotor futha futhi kubonakala ku-rotor dynamic eccentricity plots eboniswa yi-Bently Lo mphumela uhlinzeka ngokumisa okuzinzile emuva futhi uyisici esibalulekile empumelelweni ye-hydrodynamic oil bearings kanye ne-DGS. .Ama-mechanical seal awanawo ama-grooves amahle okumpompa angatholakala ebusweni be-aerodynamic DGS.Kungase kube nendlela yokusebenzisa izimiso zegesi ezinengcindezi yangaphandle ukuze wehlise isisindo sokuvala amandlamechanical seal ubusos.
Iziqephu ezifanelekile zamapharamitha anamanzi-ifilimu uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso se-eccentricity yejenali.Ukuqina, i-K, kanye ne-damping, D, incane uma ijenali iphakathi nendawo yokuthwala.Njengoba ijenali isondela endaweni ethwalayo, ukuqina kanye nokuswakama kwanda kakhulu.
Amabheringi egesi e-aerostatic anomfutho wangaphandle asebenzisa umthombo wegesi enomfutho, kuyilapho amabheringi aguquguqukayo esebenzisa ukunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi kwendawo ukuze akhe ingcindezi yegebe.Ubuchwepheshe obucindezelwe ngaphandle bunezinzuzo okungenani ezimbili ezibalulekile.Okokuqala, igesi enomfutho ingase ijovwe ngokuqondile phakathi kobuso bophawu ngendlela elawulwayo kunokuba igqugquzele igesi esikhaleni sophawu ngemisele yokumpompa engajulile edinga ukunyakaza.Lokhu kuvumela ukuhlukanisa ubuso bophawu ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ukuzungezisa.Ngisho noma ubuso buhlanganiswe ndawonye, buzovuleka ukuze i-zero friction iqale futhi ime lapho ingcindezi ijovwa ngokuqondile phakathi kwabo.Ukwengeza, uma uphawu lushisa, kungenzeka ngokucindezela kwangaphandle ukwandisa ukucindezela ebusweni bophawu.Igebe bese likhuphuka ngokulingana nokucindezela, kodwa ukushisa okuvela ku-shear kuzowela kumsebenzi we-cube wegebe.Lokhu kunikeza opharetha amandla amasha okumelana nokukhiqizwa kokushisa.
Kukhona enye inzuzo kuma-compressor ngokuthi akukho ukugeleza ebusweni njengoba kukhona ku-DGS.Esikhundleni salokho, ukucindezela okuphezulu kakhulu kuphakathi kobuso bophawu, futhi ukucindezela kwangaphandle kuzogeleza emkhathini noma kuphumele ohlangothini olulodwa futhi ku-compressor ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi.Lokhu kukhulisa ukwethembeka ngokugcina inqubo ingaphandle kwegebe.Kumaphampu lokhu kungase kungabi yinzuzo njengoba kungase kungathandeki ukuphoqelela igesi elicindezelayo libe yiphampu.Amagesi acindezelayo ngaphakathi kwamaphampu angabangela izinkinga ze-cavitation noma isando somoya.Kungathakazelisa, nokho, ukuba nesivalo esingathintani noma sokungqubuzana samaphampu ngaphandle kokubi kokugeleza kwegesi kunqubo yepompo.Kungenzeka yini ukuthi kube negesi enomfutho wangaphandle enoziro?
Isinxephezelo
Wonke ama-bearings anomfutho wangaphandle anohlobo oluthile lwesinxephezelo.Isinxephezelo siwuhlobo lokuvinjelwa olubambezela ingcindezi.Indlela evame kakhulu yesinxephezelo iwukusetshenziswa kwemifula, kodwa kukhona namasu okunxeshezelwa okuyi-groove, isinyathelo kanye nezimbotshana.Isinxephezelo senza ama-bearings noma ubuso be-seal bugijime busondelene ngaphandle kokuthinta, ngoba lapho besondelana, ingcindezi yegesi phakathi kwabo iba phezulu, ixosha ubuso buhlukane.
Njengesibonelo, ngaphansi kwe-orifice eyisicaba kunxephezelwe igesi (Isithombe 3), isilinganiso
ukucindezela esikhaleni kuzolingana nomthwalo ophelele ekuthwaleni okuhlukaniswe indawo yobuso, lokhu kuyiyunithi yokulayisha.Uma lo mthombo womfutho wegesi ungamaphawundi angu-60 nge-intshi yesikwele (psi) futhi ubuso bunama-intshi yesikwele angu-10 wendawo futhi kukhona amaphawundi angu-300 omthwalo, kuzoba nesilinganiso esingu-30 psi esikhaleni sokuthwala.Ngokuvamile, igebe lingaba amayintshi angu-0.0003, futhi ngenxa yokuthi igebe lincane kakhulu, ukugeleza kuzoba cishe ama-cubic feet ajwayelekile angu-0.2 ngomzuzu (scfm).Ngoba kunomgoqo we-orifice ngaphambi nje kwegebe elibambe ingcindezi emuva endaweni ebekiwe, uma umthwalo ukhuphuka ufinyelele kumaphawundi angu-400 igebe elithwalayo liyehla libe cishe amayintshi angu-0.0002, okukhawulela ukugeleza ngegebe phansi ku-0.1 scfm.Lokhu kwanda komkhawulo wesibili kunikeza umkhawulo we-orifice ukugeleza okwanele ukuvumela ukucindezela okuphakathi kwegebe ukuthi kukhuphuke ku-40 psi futhi kusekele umthwalo owandayo.
Lokhu ukubuka okuseceleni kwe-orifice ejwayelekile etholakala kumshini wokulinganisa we-coordinate (CMM).Uma uhlelo lwe-pneumatic luzobhekwa "njenge-bearing bearing" ludinga ukuba nomkhawulo okhuphukayo womkhawulo wegebe lokuthwala.
I-Orifice vs. Isinxephezelo Sezimbotshana
Isinxephezelo se-Orifice siwuhlobo lwesinxephezelo olusetshenziswa kakhulu kunazo zonke I-orifice ejwayelekile ingaba nobubanzi bembobo obungamayintshi angu-.010, kodwa njengoba idla ama-intshi ayisikwele ambalwa wendawo, idlisa ama-oda amaningana obukhulu endaweni enkulu kunayo, ngakho-ke isivinini igesi ingaba phezulu.Ngokuvamile, ama-orifice asikwa ngokunembile ukusuka kumarubi noma amasafire ukuze kugwenywe ukuguguleka kosayizi we-orifice kanjalo nezinguquko ekusebenzeni kokuthwala.Enye inkinga ukuthi ezikhaleni ezingaphansi kwamayintshi angu-0.0002, indawo ezungeze i-orifice iqala ukuminyanisa ukugeleza kobuso bonke, lapho kwenzeka khona ukuwa kwefilimu yegesi .Okufanayo kwenzeka ekuphakameni, njengoba kuphela indawo yegesi i-orifice nanoma yimiphi imifantu iyatholakala ukuze kuqaliswe ukuphakamisa.Lesi esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko esenza ukuthi ama-bearings acindezelwe ngaphandle angabonakali ezinhlelweni zezimpawu.
Lokhu akulona icala lokuzala okunxeshezelwe nge-porous, kunalokho ukuqina kuyaqhubeka
ukwanda njengoba umthwalo ukhula futhi igebe liyancishiswa, njengoba nje kunjalo nge-DGS (Isithombe 1) kanye
ama-oyela we-hydrodynamic.Endabeni yamabheringi angaphandle acindezelwe angaphandle, ukuthwala kuzoba kumodi yamandla alinganiselayo lapho izikhathi zokucindezela okokufaka indawo ilingana nomthwalo ophelele ekuphatheni.Leli yicala elithokozisayo le-tribological njengoba kukhona i-zero lift noma igebe lomoya.Kuzoba khona ukugeleza okunguziro, kodwa amandla e-hydrostatic okucindezela komoya ngokumelene nendawo ephikisayo ngaphansi kobuso bebhere asawehlisa isisindo somthwalo ophelele futhi abangele ukungqubuzana okuseduze kweqanda—yize ubuso busathintana.
Isibonelo, uma ubuso be-graphite seal bunendawo engamayintshi skwele angu-10 kanye namaphawundi angu-1,000 wamandla okuvala futhi i-graphite ine-coefficient of friction engu-0.1, izodinga amaphawundi angu-100 wamandla ukuze iqalise ukunyakaza.Kodwa ngomthombo wokucindezela wangaphandle we-psi engu-100 othuthwe nge-graphite enezimbotshana ebusweni bayo, empeleni kungaba namandla aqandayo adingekayo ukuze uqalise ukunyakaza.Lokhu kwenzeka naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kusekhona amakhilogremu angu-1,000 wokuvala amandla acindezela ubuso obubili ndawonye nokuthi ubuso buhlangene ngokomzimba.
Ikilasi lezinto ezithwala kalula ezifana nalezi: i-graphite, amakhabhoni nezitsha zobumba ezifana ne-alumina ne-silicon-carbides ezaziwa ezimbonini ze-turbo futhi zinezimbobo ngokwemvelo ukuze zisetshenziswe njengamabheringi acindezelwe ngaphandle angama-filimi angenawo uketshezi.Kunomsebenzi oyingxubevange lapho ingcindezi yangaphandle isetshenziselwa ukukhulula ingcindezi yokuxhumana noma amandla okuvala ophawu avela ku-tribology eqhubekayo ebusweni bophawu oluthintanayo.Lokhu kuvumela u-opharetha wephampu ukuthi alungise okuthile ngaphandle kwepompo ukuze abhekane nezinhlelo zokusebenza zezinkinga kanye nokusebenza kwesivinini esiphezulu ngenkathi esebenzisa izimpawu zemishini.
Lesi simiso sisebenza futhi kumabhulashi, abagibeli, ama-exciter, nanoma iyiphi i-conductor yokuxhumana engase isetshenziselwe ukuthatha idatha noma amaza kagesi ekuvuleni noma avale izinto ezizungezayo.Njengoba ama-rotors ajikeleza ngokushesha futhi aphuma akhuphuka, kungase kube nzima ukugcina lawa madivayisi axhumene ne-shaft, futhi ngokuvamile kudingekile ukwandisa ukucindezela kwentwasahlobo okubabambe ngokumelene ne-shaft.Ngeshwa, ikakhulukazi esimweni sokusebenza ngesivinini esikhulu, lokhu kwanda kwamandla okuxhumana nakho kubangela ukushisa nokugqoka okwengeziwe.Umgomo ofanayo oyingxube osetshenziswa ebusweni be-mechanical seal ochazwe ngenhla ungasetshenziswa lapha, lapho ukuthintana ngokomzimba kuyadingeka ukuze kuhambe kahle ugesi phakathi kwezingxenye ezimile nezizungezayo.Ukucindezela kwangaphandle kungasetshenziswa njengokucindezela okuvela ku-hydraulic cylinder ukuze kuncishiswe ukungqubuzana kusixhumi esibonakalayo esiguqukayo ngenkathi sisakhulisa amandla asentwasahlobo noma amandla okuvala adingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ibhulashi noma ubuso bokuvalwa buxhumene ne-shaft ejikelezayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-21-2023