Izinselele ezibhekene nezimboni zezinqubo zishintshile yize ziqhubeka nokupompa uketshezi, oluyingozi noma olunobuthi. Ukuphepha nokuthembeka kusabaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, abaqhubi bandisa isivinini, ukucindezela, amazinga okugeleza kanye nobunzima bezimpawu zoketshezi (izinga lokushisa, ukuhlushwa, i-viscosity, njll.) ngenkathi becubungula imisebenzi eminingi yeqembu. Kubaqhubi bezindawo zokuhlanza uphethiloli, izikhungo zokucubungula igesi kanye nezitshalo ze-petrochemical namakhemikhali, ukuphepha kusho ukulawula nokuvimbela ukulahlekelwa, noma ukuchayeka, koketshezi olupompelwayo. Ukuthembeka kusho amaphampu asebenza kahle futhi ngokonga, ngokunakekelwa okuncane okudingekayo.
Isivalo semishini esiklanywe kahle siqinisekisa umqhubi wepompo ngokusebenza kwepompo okuhlala isikhathi eside, okuphephile nokuthembekile ngobuchwepheshe obuqinisekisiwe. Phakathi kwemishini eminingi ejikelezayo kanye nezingxenye eziningi, izivalo zemishini ziqinisekisiwe ukuthi zisebenza ngokwethembeka ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi zokusebenza.
Amaphampu Nezivalo—Kulingana Kahle
Kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi sekudlule iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-30 kusukela kwakhuthazwa ubuchwepheshe bokupompa obungenasivalo embonini yezinqubo. Ubuchwepheshe obusha bukhuthazwe njengesixazululo sazo zonke izinkinga kanye nokulinganiselwa okubonwayo kwezivalo zemishini. Abanye basikisela ukuthi lokhu okunye kuzoqeda ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwezivalo zemishini.
Kodwa-ke, kungakapheli isikhathi eside ngemuva kwalokhu kukhushulwa, abasebenzisi bokugcina bafunda ukuthi izivalo zemishini zingahlangabezana noma zidlule izidingo ezisemthethweni zokuvuza nokugcina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi bephampu basekela ubuchwepheshe ngokunikeza amakamelo okuvala abuyekeziwe ukuze athathe indawo yamabhokisi amadala okupakisha okucindezelayo.
Amakamelo okuvala uphawu anamuhla aklanyelwe ngqo izivalo zomshini, okuvumela ubuchwepheshe obuqinile kakhulu epulatifomu ye-cartridge, okuhlinzeka ngokufakwa okulula nokudala indawo evumela izivalo ukuthi zisebenze ngokugcwele.
UKUTHUTHUKISWA KOMKLAMO
Maphakathi nawo-1980, imithetho emisha yezemvelo yaphoqa imboni ukuthi ingagcini nje ngokubheka ukugcinwa nokukhishwa kwegesi, kodwa futhi nokuthembeka kwemishini. Isikhathi esimaphakathi esimaphakathi phakathi kokulungiswa (i-MTBR) kwezivalo zemishini esitshalweni samakhemikhali sasicishe sibe yizinyanga eziyi-12. Namuhla, isilinganiso se-MTBR siyizinyanga ezingama-30. Njengamanje, imboni kaphethiloli, engaphansi kwamazinga okukhishwa kwegesi aqinile kakhulu, inesilinganiso se-MTBR esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezingama-60.
Izivalo zemishini zagcina idumela lazo ngokubonisa ikhono lokuhlangabezana ngisho nokudlula izidingo zobuchwepheshe bokulawula obutholakalayo obungcono kakhulu (i-BACT). Ngaphezu kwalokho, zenze kanjalo ngenkathi ziqhubeka nobuchwepheshe obungabizi futhi obusebenzisa amandla ngendlela ephumelelayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nemithethonqubo yokukhishwa kwegesi kanye nemvelo.
Izinhlelo zekhompyutha zivumela ukuthi izivalo zenziwe amamodeli futhi zenziwe iphrothokholi ngaphambi kokukhiqiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zizosingatha kanjani izimo ezithile zokusebenza ngaphambi kokufakwa ensimini. Amakhono okuklama ukwenziwa kwezivalo kanye nobuchwepheshe bezinto zobuso bezivalo kuthuthuke kwaze kwaba yilapho zingathuthukiswa ukuze zivumelane nesicelo senqubo.
Izinhlelo kanye nobuchwepheshe banamuhla bokwenza amamodeli ekhompyutha buvumela ukusetshenziswa kokubuyekezwa komklamo we-3-D, ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi ezilinganiselwe (i-FEA), i-computational fluid dynamics (i-CFD), ukuhlaziywa komzimba okuqinile kanye nezinhlelo zokuxilonga izithombe zokushisa ezazingatholakali kalula esikhathini esidlule noma ezazibiza kakhulu ukuthi zisetshenziswe njalo ngokudweba kwangaphambili kwe-2-D. Lokhu kuthuthuka kwamasu okwenza amamodeli kuye kwanezela ekuthembekeni komklamo wezimbobo zemishini.
Lezi zinhlelo kanye nobuchwepheshe kuholele endleleni yokuklama izivalo ze-cartridge ezijwayelekile ezinezingxenye eziqinile kakhulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukususwa kwezipringi kanye nama-O-ring ashukumisayo ku-process fluid futhi kwenza ubuchwepheshe be-stator obuguquguqukayo bube yindlela ekhethwayo.
IKHONO LOKUHLOLA UMKHIQIZO WE-USENZEKILE
Ukwethulwa kwezimbobo zekhatriji ezijwayelekile kube negalelo elikhulu ekuthembekeni okukhulu kwesistimu yokuvala ngokuqina kwazo kanye nokulula kokufakwa. Lokhu kuqina kwenza kube nohlu olubanzi lwezimo zokusetshenziswa ngokusebenza okuthembekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka okusheshayo kanye nokwenziwa kwezinhlelo zokuvala eziklanywe ngokwezifiso kuye kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka "ukulungiswa kahle" kwezidingo zomsebenzi wephampu ezahlukahlukene. Ukwenza ngokwezifiso kungenziwa ngezinguquko esivalweni ngokwaso noma, kalula, ngezingxenye zesistimu ezisizayo njengohlelo lwamaphayiphi. Amandla okulawula indawo yokuvala ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ngendlela yohlelo lokusekela noma izinhlelo zamaphayiphi kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kokuvala nokuthembeka.
Kwavela nokuthuthuka kwemvelo okwakukhona amaphampu aklanywe ngokwezifiso, anophawu lomshini oluhambisanayo. Namuhla, uphawu lomshini lungaklanywa ngokushesha futhi luhlolwe nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezimo zenqubo noma izici zephampu. Ubuso bophawu, imingcele yobukhulu begumbi lophawu kanye nendlela uphawu olungena ngayo ekamelweni lophawu kungaklanywa futhi kwenziwe ngendlela efanela ngokwezifiso izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi. Ukubuyekezwa kwezindinganiso ezifana ne-American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard 682 nakho kuye kwaholela ekuthembekeni okukhulu kophawu ngezidingo eziqinisekisa ukwakheka kophawu, izinto zokwakha kanye nokusebenza kwalo.
UKULUNGELA NGOKWENZIWE NGESIKO
Imboni yezitini ilwa nokuthengiswa kobuchwepheshe bezitini nsuku zonke. Abathengi abaningi kakhulu bacabanga ukuthi “isitini siyitini siyitini.” Amaphampu ajwayelekile avame ukusebenzisa isitini esifanayo esiyisisekelo. Kodwa-ke, uma sifakwe futhi sisetshenziswa ezimweni ezithile zenqubo, uhlobo oluthile lokwenza ngokwezifiso ohlelweni lokubopha luvame ukusetshenziswa ukuze kutholakale ukuthembeka okudingekayo ngaphansi kwaleyo seti ethile yezimo zokusebenza kanye nenqubo yamakhemikhali.
Ngisho nangomklamo ofanayo wekhatriji, kukhona uhla olubanzi lwamandla okwenza ngokwezifiso kusukela ekukhetheni izingxenye zezinto kuya ohlelweni lwamapayipi olusetshenziswayo. Isiqondiso sokukhetha izingxenye zesistimu yokuvala ngumkhiqizi wesivalo sibalulekile ekufinyeleleni izinga lokusebenza kanye nokuthembeka okuphelele okudingekayo. Lolu hlobo lokwenza ngokwezifiso lungavumela izivalo zemishini ukuthi zelule ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezingama-30 kuya kwezingama-60 ze-MTBR kunezinyanga ezingama-24.
Ngale ndlela, abasebenzisi bokugcina bangaqiniseka ukuthi bathola uhlelo lokuvala oluklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwabo, isimo kanye nomsebenzi wabo othize. Lokhu kunikeza umsebenzisi wokugcina ulwazi oludingekayo mayelana nokusebenza kwephampu ngaphambi kokuba ifakwe. Akudingeki ukuqagela ukuthi iphampu isebenza kanjani noma ukuthi ingasisingatha yini isicelo.
Umklamo Othembekile
Nakuba iningi labaqhubi bezinqubo benza imisebenzi efanayo, izinhlelo zokusebenza azifani. Izinqubo zisebenza ngesivinini esihlukene, amazinga okushisa ahlukene kanye nokuqina okuhlukile, ngezinqubo zokusebenza ezahlukene kanye nokulungiselelwa okuhlukile kwephampu.
Kuyo yonke le minyaka, imboni yezivalo zemishini yethule izinto ezintsha ezibalulekile ezinciphise ukuzwela kwezivalo ezimweni zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene futhi zaholela ekwandeni kokuthembeka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma umsebenzisi wokugcina engenazo izinsimbi zokuqapha zokunikeza izixwayiso zokudlidliza, izinga lokushisa, amabhere kanye nemithwalo yemoto, izivalo zanamuhla, ezimweni eziningi, zisazoqhubeka nokwenza imisebenzi yazo eyinhloko.
ISIPHETHO
Ngobunjiniyela bokuthembeka, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, umklamo osizwa yikhompyutha kanye namasu okukhiqiza athuthukile, izimbobo zemishini ziyaqhubeka nokufakazela ukubaluleka kwazo kanye nokuthembeka kwazo. Naphezu kokushintsha kokulawulwa kokukhishwa kwegesi kanye nokulawulwa kokugcinwa, kanye nemikhawulo yokuphepha kanye nokuchayeka, izimbobo zemishini zihlale ziphambili kunezidingo eziyinselele. Yingakho izimbobo zemishini ziseyisinqumo esikhethwayo embonini yenqubo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-30-2022