Izinselelo ezibhekene nezimboni zezinqubo sezishintshile nakuba zisaqhubeka nokumpompa uketshezi, okunye okuyingozi noma okunobuthi.Ukuphepha nokwethembeka kusebalulekile kakhulu.Kodwa-ke, opharetha bandisa isivinini, izingcindezi, amazinga okugeleza ngisho nobukhulu bezimpawu zoketshezi (izinga lokushisa, ukugxila, i-viscosity, njll.) ngenkathi becubungula imisebenzi eminingi ye-batch.Kubasebenzisi bezindawo zokuhluza i-petroleum, izindawo zokucubungula igesi kanye nezitshalo ze-petrochemical namakhemikhali, ukuphepha kusho ukulawula nokuvimbela ukulahleka, noma ukuchayeka kuketshezi olumpontshwayo.Ukuthembeka kusho amaphampu asebenza kahle futhi ngokonga, anokunakekelwa okungadingeki kangako.
Isigxivizo somshini esiklanywe kahle siqinisekisa opharetha wephampu ukusebenza kwepompo okuhlala isikhathi eside, okuphephile nokuthembekile ngobuchwepheshe obufakazelwe.Phakathi kwezingcezu eziningi zemishini ejikelezayo kanye nenqwaba yezingxenye, izimpawu zomshini zifakazelwa ukuthi zisebenza ngokwethembeka ngaphansi kwezinhlobo eziningi zezimo zokusebenza.
AMAPHAPHU NEZIMPAWU—UKUFANANA KAHLE
Kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi cishe sekudlule iminyaka engu-30 kusukela ekugqugquzelweni okukhulu kobuchwepheshe bepompo obungenasici embonini yezinqubo.Ubuchwepheshe obusha bakhuthazwa njengesixazululo kuzo zonke izinkinga kanye nokulinganiselwa okubonwayo kwezimpawu zemishini.Abanye basikisela ukuthi lokhu okuhlukile kuzokuqeda ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwezigxivizo eziyimishini.
Kodwa-ke, kungekudala ngemva kwale phromoshini, abasebenzisi bokugcina bafunde ukuthi izigxivizo zemishini zingahlangabezana noma zeqe ukuvuza okusemthethweni kanye nezimfuneko zokuqukethwe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi bephampu basekela ubuchwepheshe ngokuhlinzeka ngamagumbi ophawu abuyekeziwe ukuze athathele "amabhokisi okufaka izinto" amadala okucindezela.
Ama-seal chamber anamuhla aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile izigxivizo zemishini, okuvumela ubuchwepheshe obuqine kakhulu endaweni ye-cartridge, ehlinzeka ngokufaka okulula nokudala indawo evumela ukuthi izimpawu zisebenze ngokugcwele.
KALA IZITHUTHUKO
Maphakathi nawo-1980, imithethonqubo emisha yezemvelo yaphoqa imboni ukuthi ingabheki nje kuphela ukuqukatha nokukhishwa kwegesi, kodwa futhi nasekuthembekeni kwemishini.Isilinganiso sesikhathi esimaphakathi phakathi kokukhanda (MTBR) sezigxivizo zemishini embonini yamakhemikhali sasicishe sibe izinyanga eziyi-12.Namuhla, isilinganiso se-MTBR siyizinyanga ezingama-30.Njengamanje, imboni ye-petroleum, ngaphansi kwamanye amazinga e-emission aqine kakhulu, inesilinganiso se-MTBR sezinyanga ezingaphezu kwezingama-60.
Izigxivizo zemishini zigcine isithunzi sazo ngokubonisa ikhono lokuhlangabezana ngisho nokudlula izidingo zobuchwepheshe obutholakalayo bokulawula (BACT).Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakwenza lokho ngesikhathi besalokhu bewubuchwepheshe bongayo kanye nowonga amandla obutholakalayo ukuze buhlangabezane nemithetho yokukhipha umoya kanye nemvelo.
Izinhlelo zekhompyutha zivumela ama-seal ukuthi amodelwe futhi afaniswe ngaphambi kokukhiqiza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azosingatha kanjani izimo ezithile zokusebenza ngaphambi kokufakwa endaweni.Amakhono okwakhiwa kwe-seal kanye nobuchwepheshe bezinto zobuso be-seal buthuthuke kangangokuba zingathuthukiswa ukuze zilingane eyodwa-to-one ukuze kusetshenziswe inqubo.
Izinhlelo zekhompyutha zanamuhla zokumodela kanye nobuchwepheshe zivumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-3-D design review, finite element analysis (FEA), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), ukuhlaziya umzimba okuqinile kanye nezinhlelo zokuxilonga izithombe ezishisayo ebezingatholakali kalula esikhathini esidlule noma ezibiza kakhulu. ukusetshenziswa njalo ngohlaka lwe-2-D lwangaphambilini.Lokhu kuthuthuka kwezindlela zokumodela zengeze ekuthembekeni kwedizayini yezimpawu zemishini.
Lezi zinhlelo nobuchwepheshe buholele indlela eya ekwakhiweni kwezimpawu ze-cartridge ezijwayelekile ezinezingxenye eziqine kakhulu.Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa ukukhishwa kweziphethu nezindandatho ze-O eziguquguqukayo kuketshezi lwenqubo futhi kwenza ubuchwepheshe be-stator obuguquguqukayo kwaba umklamo okhethwayo.
IKHONO LOKUHLOLA IDIZINYO OKUNGEZIFISO
Ukwethulwa kwama-cartridge seal ajwayelekile kube nomthelela omkhulu ekuthembekeni okukhulu kwesistimu yokuvala ngokuqina kwawo kanye nokufaka kalula.Lokhu kuqina kwenza ububanzi obubanzi bezimo zohlelo lokusebenza ngokusebenza okuthembekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuklama okushesha kakhudlwana kanye nokwakhiwa kwamasistimu okuvala aklanywe ngokwezifiso kwenze "ukushuna kahle" kwezidingo ezahlukahlukene zomsebenzi wephampu.Ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo kungethulwa ngezinguquko kuphawu ngokwalo noma, kalula, ngokusebenzisa izingxenye zesistimu ezisizayo njengohlelo lwamapayipi.Ikhono lokulawula indawo yophawu ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezihlukene ngendlela yesistimu yokusekela noma amapulani amapayipi kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvaleni ukusebenza nokuthembeka.
Ukuqhubekela phambili kwemvelo kuphinde kwenzeka okwakungamaphampu aklanywe ngokwezifiso, anophawu oluhambisanayo olwenziwe ngokwezifiso.Namuhla, uphawu lwemishini lungaklanywa ngokushesha futhi luhlolwe noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezimo zenqubo noma izici zepompo.Ubuso bophawu, imingcele enobukhulu begumbi lophawu nokuthi uphawu lungena kanjani egumbini lophawu lungaklanywa futhi lwenziwe ngendlela elingana ngokwezifiso zohlelo olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza.Ukubuyekezwa kwamazinga afana ne-American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard 682 nakho kuye kwaqhubeza ukuthembeka okukhulu kophawu ngezidingo eziqinisekisa ukwakheka kophawu, izinto zokusebenza kanye nokusebenza.
UKUFANA NGESIKO
Imboni yama-seal ilwa nokuthengiswa kobuchwepheshe be-seal nsuku zonke.Abathengi abaningi kakhulu bacabanga ukuthi “uphawu luwuphawu.”Amaphampu ajwayelekile ngokuvamile angasebenzisa uphawu olufanayo oluyisisekelo.Kodwa-ke, lapho ifakiwe futhi isetshenziswa ezimweni ezithile zenqubo, uhlobo oluthile lokwenza ngokwezifiso ohlelweni lokuvala luvame ukuqaliswa ukuze kutholwe ukwethembeka okudingekayo ngaphansi kwaleyo sethi ethile yezimo zokusebenza kanye nenqubo yamakhemikhali.
Ngisho nomklamo wekhathriji ojwayelekile ofanayo, kunebanga elibanzi lamandla okwenza ngokwezifiso akhona kusukela ekukhethweni kwezingxenye ezibonakalayo kuya ohlelweni lwamapayipi asetshenzisiwe.Isiqondiso ekukhethweni kwezingxenye zohlelo lokuvala okwenziwa ngumkhiqizi wophawu lubalulekile ekufinyeleleni izinga lokusebenza kanye nokwethembeka okuphelele okudingekayo.Lolu hlobo lwenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo lungavumela izigxivizo ezisebenza ngomshini ukuthi zinwebe ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kufika ezinyangeni ezingama-30 kuye kwezingama-60 ze-MTBR kunezinyanga ezingama-24.
Ngale ndlela, abasebenzisi bokugcina bangaqinisekiswa ngokuthola isistimu yokuvala eklanyelwe isicelo sabo esithile, ifomu kanye nomsebenzi.Ikhono linikeza umsebenzisi wokugcina ulwazi oludingekayo mayelana nokusebenza kwepompo ngaphambi kokuthi ifakwe.Ukuqagela akudingekile mayelana nendlela iphampu esebenza ngayo noma ingaphatha uhlelo lokusebenza.
UKWENZAKA OKUNETHEMBA
Ngenkathi iningi labaqhubi bezinqubo benza imisebenzi efanayo, izinhlelo zokusebenza azifani.Izinqubo zisebenza ngesivinini esihlukene, amazinga okushisa ahlukene nama-viscosity ahlukene, anezinqubo ezihlukene zokusebenza kanye nokuhlelwa kwephampu okuhlukile.
Kuyo yonke le minyaka, imboni yezinsimbi zemishini yethule izinto ezintsha eziye zanciphisa ukuzwela kwezimpawu ezimweni ezihlukene zokusebenza futhi okuholele ekwenyukeni kokuthembeka.Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma umsebenzisi wokugcina sintula okokusebenza kokuqapha ukuze anikeze izexwayiso zokudlidliza, izinga lokushisa, ukuthwala nokulayishwa kwezimoto, izimpawu zanamuhla, ezimweni eziningi, zisazokwenza imisebenzi yazo eyinhloko.
ISIPHETHO
Ngobunjiniyela obunokwethenjelwa, izithuthukisi zempahla, idizayini esizwa ngekhompiyutha kanye namasu okukhiqiza athuthukile, izigxivizo zemishini ziyaqhubeka nokukhombisa ukubaluleka kwazo nokwethembeka.Naphezu kokushintsha kwezinto ezikhishwayo kanye nokulawulwa kokuqukethwe, kanye nemikhawulo yokuphepha nokuchayeka, izimpawu zihlale ngaphambi kwezidingo eziyinselele.Yingakho izigxivizo zemishini kuseyizo ezikhethwayo ezimbonini zenqubo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-30-2022