Amaphampu angomunye wabasebenzisi abakhulu bezimpawu zomshini. Njengoba igama lisikisela, izimpawu zomshini ziyizimpawu zohlobo lokuxhumana, ezihlukanisiwe nezimpawu zomoya noma ze-labyrinth ezingezona ezokuxhumana.Izimpawu zomshiniziphinde zichazwe njengophawu olulinganiselayo lwemishini nomauphawu lomshini olungalinganiLokhu kubhekisela kumaphesenti amangaki okucindezela kwenqubo, uma kukhona, angafika ngemuva kobuso besivalo esimile. Uma ubuso besivalo bungacindezelwa ebusweni obujikelezayo (njengasesivalo sohlobo lwe-pusher) noma uketshezi lwenqubo ekucindezelweni okudingeka kuvalwe kungavunyelwe ukungena ngemuva kobuso besivalo, ukucindezela kwenqubo kungavuthela ubuso besivalo emuva bese buvuleka. Umklami wesivalo udinga ukucabangela zonke izimo zokusebenza ukuze aklame isivalo ngamandla okuvala adingekayo kodwa hhayi amandla amaningi kangangokuthi ukulayisha kweyunithi ebusweni besivalo esiguquguqukayo kudala ukushisa okukhulu nokuguguleka. Lokhu kuyibhalansi ebucayi eyenza noma yephule ukuthembeka kwephampu.
uphawu oluguquguqukayo lubhekene ngokuvula amandla okuvula kunokuba kube yindlela evamile yokwenza kanjalo.
ukulinganisela amandla okuvala, njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla. Akususi amandla okuvala adingekayo kodwa kunikeza umklami wephampu nomsebenzisi elinye ifindo lokulijika ngokuvumela ukususwa kwesisindo noma ukukhululwa kobuso besivalo, ngenkathi kugcinwa amandla okuvala adingekayo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukushisa nokuguguleka ngenkathi kwandiswe izimo zokusebenza ezingaba khona.
Izivalo Zegesi Ezomile (DGS), evame ukusetshenziswa kuma-compressor, inikeza amandla okuvula ebusweni besivalo. La mandla adalwe yisimiso sokuthwala umoya-mpilo, lapho imifantu emincane yokupompa isiza ukukhuthaza igesi kusukela ohlangothini lwenqubo yokucindezela okuphezulu kwesivalo, iye esikhaleni naphezu kobuso besivalo njenge-non-contact fluid film bearing.
Amandla okuvula amabherethi e-aerodynamic ebusweni besivalo segesi esomile. Ukwehla komugqa kumele ukuqina kwesikhala. Qaphela ukuthi isikhala singama-micron.
Isenzakalo esifanayo senzeka kuma-hydrodynamic oil bearing asekela ama-compressor amaningi amakhulu e-centrifugal kanye nama-pump rotor futhi sibonakala kuma-rotor dynamic eccentricity plots aboniswe yi-Bently. Lo mphumela unikeza i-back stop ezinzile futhi uyisici esibalulekile empumelelweni yama-hydrodynamic oil bearing kanye ne-DGS. Izivalo zemishini azinazo izikhala ezincane zokupompa ezingatholakala ebusweni be-aerodynamic DGS. Kungase kube nendlela yokusebenzisa izimiso zokucindezela igesi zangaphandle ukuze kuncishiswe amandla okuvala avela ku-ubuso besivalo somshinis.
Imidwebo yekhwalithi yamapharamitha okuthwala uketshezi-ifilimu uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso sokungaguquguquki kwejenali. Ukuqina, i-K, kanye nokumanzisa, i-D, kuncane kakhulu uma ijenali isenkabeni yebhereyi. Njengoba ijenali isondela ebusweni bebhereyi, ukuqina kanye nokumanzisa kuyanda kakhulu.
Ama-bearings egesi asebenzisa umfutho wangaphandle asebenzisa umthombo wegesi ecindezelwe, kanti ama-bearings ashukumisayo asebenzisa ukunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi kwezindawo ukuze akhiqize umfutho wegebe. Ubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa umfutho wangaphandle bunezinzuzo okungenani ezimbili eziyisisekelo. Okokuqala, igesi ecindezelwe ingafakwa ngqo phakathi kobuso besivalo ngendlela elawulwayo kunokukhuthaza igesi ukuba ingene esikhaleni sesivalo ngemigoqo yokupompa engajulile edinga ukunyakaza. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa ubuso besivalo ngaphambi kokuqala kokujikeleza. Ngisho noma ubuso buhlanganiswe ndawonye, buzovuleka ukuze kungabikho ukungqubuzana futhi bume lapho umfutho ufakwa ngqo phakathi kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma isivalo sishisa, kungenzeka ngokucindezela kwangaphandle ukwandisa ukucindezela ebusweni besivalo. Igebe lizokhula ngokulinganayo ngokucindezela, kodwa ukushisa okuvela ekushefa kuzowela emsebenzini we-cube wegebe. Lokhu kunikeza opharetha amandla amasha okusebenzisa ngokumelene nokukhiqizwa kokushisa.
Kukhona enye inzuzo kuma-compressor ngokuthi akukho ukugeleza ebusweni njengoba kunjalo ku-DGS. Esikhundleni salokho, ingcindezi ephezulu iphakathi kobuso besivalo, futhi ingcindezi yangaphandle izogeleza iye emoyeni noma ingene kolunye uhlangothi bese ingena ku-compressor isuka kolunye uhlangothi. Lokhu kwandisa ukuthembeka ngokugcina inqubo ingangeni esikhaleni. Kumaphampu lokhu kungase kungabi yinzuzo njengoba kungaba yinto engathandeki ukuphoqa igesi ecindezelwayo empompini. Amagesi acindezelwayo ngaphakathi kwamaphampu angabangela izinkinga ze-cavitation noma ze-air hammer. Nokho, kungaba mnandi ukuba nesivalo esingaxhumani noma esingenasiphazamiso samaphampu ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwegesi enkambisweni yephampu. Kungenzeka yini ukuba ne-bearing yegesi ecindezelwe ngaphandle engenawo ukugeleza?
Isinxephezelo
Zonke izimbobo zokucindezela zangaphandle zinesimo esithile sokunxephezela. Ukunxephezela kuyindlela yokuvinjelwa ebambezela ingcindezi emuva. Indlela evame kakhulu yokunxephezela ukusetshenziswa kwezimbobo zokucindezela, kodwa kukhona futhi namasu okunxephezela ama-groove, izinyathelo kanye nezimbobo. Ukunxephezela kwenza ama-bearings noma ubuso bokuvala busebenze ndawonye ngaphandle kokuthintana, ngoba lapho esondela, kulapho ingcindezi yegesi ephakathi kwawo iba phezulu, okuxosha ubuso buhlukane.
Isibonelo, ngaphansi kwe-flat orifice flat orifice ekhokhelwa igesi (Isithombe 3), isilinganiso
Ukucindezela okusesikhaleni kuzolingana nomthwalo ophelele kubheriya ohlukaniswe yindawo yobuso, lokhu kungumthwalo weyunithi. Uma lo mfutho wegesi womthombo ungamakhilogremu angu-60 nge-intshi yesikwele (psi) futhi ubuso bunendawo engamakhilogremu angu-10 futhi kukhona amakhilogremu angu-300 omthwalo, kuzoba nesilinganiso sama-psi angu-30 esikhaleni sokuthwala. Ngokuvamile, igebe lingaba ngamasentimitha angu-0.0003, futhi ngenxa yokuthi igebe lincane kakhulu, ukugeleza kuzoba cishe ngama-cubic feet angu-0.2 ajwayelekile ngomzuzu (scfm). Ngenxa yokuthi kukhona umkhawulo we-orifice ngaphambi nje kwegebe elibamba ingcindezi emuva, uma umthwalo ukhuphuka ube ngamakhilogremu angu-400 igebe lokuthwala lincishiswa libe ngamasentimitha angu-0.0002, okuvimbela ukugeleza phakathi kwegebe phansi ngo-0.1 scfm. Lokhu kwanda komkhawulo wesibili kunikeza umkhawulo we-orifice ukugeleza okwanele ukuvumela ingcindezi evamile esikhaleni ukuthi ikhuphuke ibe ngama-psi angu-40 futhi isekele umthwalo okhuphukile.
Lokhu kuwumbono ohlangothini oluqhelile webheyaringi yomoya evamile etholakala emshinini wokulinganisa ohlanganisiwe (i-CMM). Uma uhlelo lomoya luzobhekwa njengebheyaringi elikhokhelwayo, kudingeka lube nomkhawulo ongaphezulu komkhawulo wegebe lokuthwala.
Isinxephezelo se-Orifice vs. I-Porous
Isinxephezelo se-orifice yindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yesinxephezelo. I-orifice evamile ingaba nobubanzi bembobo obungu-.010 inches, kodwa njengoba idla amasentimitha ambalwa esikwele, idla ama-oda amaningana ngobukhulu bendawo enkulu kunayo, ngakho-ke ijubane legesi lingaba phezulu. Ngokuvamile, ama-orifice asikwa ngokunembile kusuka kuma-rubi noma kuma-saphir ukuze kugwenywe ukuguguleka kosayizi we-orifice ngakho-ke kushintsha ukusebenza kwe-bearing. Enye inkinga ukuthi ezikhaleni ezingaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-0.0002, indawo ezungeze i-orifice iqala ukuminyanisa ukugeleza kuye ebusweni bonke, lapho kwenzeka khona ukuwohloka kwefilimu yegesi. Kwenzeka okufanayo lapho kuphakanyiswa, njengoba indawo ye-orifice kanye nanoma yimiphi imifantu etholakalayo ukuqala ukuphakamisa. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi ama-bearing acindezelwe ngaphandle angabonakali ezinhlelweni zesivalo.
Lokhu akunjalo ngebhereyi elihlanganisiwe elinezimbobo, kunalokho ukuqina kuyaqhubeka
ukwanda njengoba umthwalo ukhuphuka futhi igebe lincipha, njengoba kunjalo nge-DGS (Isithombe 1) kanye
ama-hydrodynamic oil bearing. Uma kwenzeka ama-porous bearing acindezelwe ngaphandle, i-bearing izoba kwimodi yamandla alinganiselayo lapho ingcindezi yokufaka iphindaphinda indawo ilingana nomthwalo ophelele ku-bearing. Lokhu kuyindaba ethakazelisayo ye-tribological njengoba kukhona i-zero lift noma i-air gap. Kuzoba nokugeleza okungu-zero, kodwa amandla e-hydrostatic omfutho womoya ngokumelene nobuso be-counter ngaphansi kobuso be-bearing asanciphisa umthwalo ophelele futhi kuholele ku-coefficient ecishe ibe yi-zero yokungqubuzana—yize ubuso busathintana.
Isibonelo, uma ubuso besivalo se-graphite bunendawo engamasentimitha ayi-10 skwele kanye namandla okuvala angamakhilogremu ayi-1,000 kanti i-graphite inomgqinsi wokungqubuzana okungu-0.1, kungadinga amakhilogremu ayi-100 amandla ukuqala ukunyakaza. Kodwa ngomthombo wokucindezela wangaphandle ongu-100 psi othuthelwe nge-graphite enezimbobo ebusweni bayo, empeleni bekungeke kube namandla adingekayo ukuqala ukunyakaza. Lokhu kwenzeka naphezu kokuthi kusenamakhilogremu ayi-1,000 amandla okuvala acindezela ubuso obubili ndawonye nokuthi ubuso buthintana ngokomzimba.
Uhlobo lwezinto zokuthwala ezilula ezifana nalezi: i-graphite, ama-carbon kanye ne-ceramics ezifana ne-alumina kanye ne-silicon-carbides ezaziwa yizimboni ze-turbo futhi zinezimbobo ngokwemvelo ngakho zingasetshenziswa njengama-bearings acindezelwe ngaphandle angama-bearings efilimu yoketshezi angaxhumani. Kunomsebenzi we-hybrid lapho ingcindezi yangaphandle isetshenziswa khona ukususa isisindo sengcindezi yokuxhumana noma amandla okuvala esivalweni esivela ku-tribology eyenzeka ebusweni besivalo sokuxhumana. Lokhu kuvumela umqhubi wephampu okuthile ukuthi alungise ngaphandle kwephampu ukuze abhekane nezicelo zezinkinga kanye nemisebenzi yesivinini esiphezulu ngenkathi esebenzisa izivalo zemishini.
Lesi simiso sisebenza nasemabhulashini, kuma-commutator, kuma-exciter, noma kunoma yimuphi umqhubi wokuxhumana ongasetshenziswa ukuthatha idatha noma ugesi ezintweni ezijikelezayo noma ezijikelezayo. Njengoba ama-rotor ejikeleza ngokushesha futhi ephela ekhuphuka, kungaba nzima ukugcina lawa madivayisi exhumana nomgodi, futhi kuvame ukudingeka ukwandisa umfutho wentwasahlobo obamba umgodi. Ngeshwa, ikakhulukazi esimweni sokusebenza ngesivinini esikhulu, lokhu kwanda kwamandla okuxhumana nakho kuholela ekushiseni nasekugugeni okwengeziwe. Isimiso esifanayo esihlanganisiwe esisetshenziswa ebusweni be-seal mechanical esichazwe ngenhla singasetshenziswa nalapha, lapho ukuxhumana ngokomzimba kuyadingeka khona ukuze kuqhutshwe ugesi phakathi kwezingxenye ezimile nezijikelezayo. Ingcindezi yangaphandle ingasetshenziswa njengokucindezela okuvela kusilinda se-hydraulic ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana esibonakalayo esiguquguqukayo ngenkathi kusandiswa amandla entwasahlobo noma amandla okuvala adingekayo ukugcina ubuso bebhulashi noma bokuvala buxhumana nomgodi ojikelezayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-21-2023