I-seal yemishini yepompo yamanzi iyinto ebalulekile eyenzelwe ukuvimbela ukuvuza koketshezi oluphuma epompo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nobude besikhathi. Ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinto ezigcina ukuxhumana okuqinile ngenkathi kunyakaza, isebenza njengesithiyo phakathi kwezindlela zangaphakathi zepompo kanye nendawo yangaphandle. Le seal idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho bezinhlelo zokupompa amanzi kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, kusukela kumishini yasekhaya kuya emishinini yezimboni.
Kuyini AmanziIphampu Yomshini Wokufaka Izimpawu?
I-seal yemishini yepompo yamanzi isebenza njengengxenye ebalulekile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamaphampu, idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukuvuza koketshezi. Njengoba ibekwe phakathi komgodi ojikelezayo nezingxenye ezimile zephampu, le seal igcina isithiyo sokuvimbela uketshezi ukuthi luphampe ukuze lungaphumi luye endaweni ezungezile noma luye ephampuni uqobo. Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwazo okuyisisekelo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuphumelelayo nokungavuzi, ukuqonda isakhiwo kanye nomsebenzi walezi ziphampu kubalulekile kunoma ubani ohilelekile ekunakekelweni, ekwakhiweni, noma ekukhetheni iphampu.
Ukwakhiwa kwesivalo somshini wokufaka amanzi kuhilela izinto ezimbili eziyinhlokoubuso bokuvala: enye inamathele kushafti ojikelezayo kanti enye inamathele engxenyeni engaguquki yepompo. Lezi zibuso zilungiswa ngomshini futhi zipholishwe kahle ukuqinisekisa ukuvuza okuncane futhi zicindezelwa ndawonye ngamandla athile yiziphethu noma ezinye izindlela. Ukukhetha izinto zokwakha lezi zibuso zokuvala kubalulekile ngoba kumele kuhambisane nezimo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, ukuhambisana kwamakhemikhali noketshezi olupompiwayo, kanye nezinhlayiya ezingaba khona ezikuketshezi.
Esinye isici esikhangayo sokuvala imishini yokupompa amanzi phezu kwezindlala zokupakisha zendabuko yikhono lazo lokusingatha ukucindezeleka okuphezulu kanye nokusebenza kwazo ekuquketheni uketshezi oluyingozi noma oluyigugu olunethonya elincane emvelweni. Ukwakheka kwazo kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kokungqubuzana okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla okungcono kanye nezindleko zokusebenza ezincishisiwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isebenza Kanjani Iphampu Yamanzi?
Umgomo wokusebenza ngemuva kwesivalo somshini ulula kodwa usebenza kahle kakhulu. Lapho ipompo isebenza, ingxenye ejikelezayo yesivalo iphenduka nomgodi kuyilapho ingxenye engashintshi ihlala iqinile. Phakathi kwalezi zingxenye ezimbili kukhona ifilimu encane kakhulu yoketshezi oluvela epompo uqobo. Le filimu ayigcini nje ngokugcoba ubuso besivalo kodwa futhi isebenza njengesithiyo esivimbela ukuvuza.
Ukusebenza kahle kwale ndlela yokuvala kuncike kakhulu ekugcineni ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokugcina ukuxhumana okuseduze (ukuvimbela ukuvuza) nokunciphisa ukungqubuzana (ukunciphisa ukuguguleka). Ukuze kufezwe lokhu kulinganisela, izivalo zomshini zakhiwe ngezindawo ezicwebezelisiwe kakhulu nezisicaba ezizivumela ukuthi zishelele kahle komunye nomunye, zinciphise ukuvuza ngenkathi futhi zinciphisa ukuguguleka.
Izivalo zemishini zisebenzisa izindlela zentwasahlobo ukugcina ingcindezi engaguquki phakathi kobuso besivalo, zilungisa ukuguguleka noma ukungahambisani kahle phakathi kweshafti kanye nendlu yepompo. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kuqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho nangemva kokusetshenziswa okukhulu, isivalo semishini singaqhubeka nokusebenza kahle, sivimbele ukuvuza koketshezi kahle kuyo yonke impilo yaso yokusebenza.
Izinzuzo Zophawu Lomshini Wepompo Yamanzi
Ukuvala Okuphumelelayo Kakhulu: Izivalo zemishini zinikeza ukuvala okungcono kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zendabuko njengokupakisha izindlala, okunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuvuza futhi kukhuthaze ukuphepha kwemvelo.
Ukugcinwa Okuncishisiwe kanye Nezindleko: Izivalo zemishini zihlala isikhathi eside futhi azidingi ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa njalo, okuholela ekunciphiseni isikhathi sokungasebenzi kanye nokonga kokusebenza kwesikhathi eside.
Ukongiwa Kwamandla: Ukwakheka kwezivalo zemishini kunciphisa ukungqubuzana, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okuphansi yisistimu yepompo kanye nokonga okukhulu kwezindleko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuguquguquka: Izivalo zemishini zingaphatha uketshezi oluhlukahlukene, amazinga okushisa, ukucindezela, kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, okwenza zifaneleke ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kuzo zonke izimboni.
Ukuncipha Kokuguguleka Kwezingxenye Zephampu: Ukuvala kahle kunciphisa ukuvuza kwangaphakathi, kuvikela imiphini yephampu nama-bearings ekulimaleni futhi kwandise isikhathi sokuphila kwezingxenye ezibalulekile.
Intuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe: Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bezinto zokwakha iholele ekukhiqizweni kwezimpawu zemishini ezithembeke kakhulu ezikwazi ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu ngaphandle kokwehluleka. Izinto ezifana ne-silicon carbide, i-tungsten carbide, kanye ne-ceramics zinikeza ukumelana okuthuthukisiwe ekushiseni, ekugugeni nasekugqwaleni.
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Izinhlobo Zezimpawu Zomshini Zamaphampu Amanzi
Izinhlobo Zezimbonakaliso Zemishini
Ukulinganisela vs.Izimbonakaliso EzingalinganiIzivalo ezilinganisiwe zisingatha umfutho ophezulu ngomthwalo omncane we-hydraulic ebusweni besivalo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi zihlala isikhathi eside. Izivalo ezingalingani zilula, zifaneleka kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni komfutho ophansi.
Izivalo Zokucindezela Nezingacindezeli Izivalo Zokucindezela zisebenzisa izakhi zesibili ukuze zigcine ukuxhumana kungcindezi ehlukahlukene, zivumelana kahle kodwa zigugile kalula. Izivalo ezingacindezeli zithembele ezimbozweni ze-elastomeric ukuze ziphile isikhathi eside futhi zibe nezingxenye ezimbalwa ezihambayo.
Izivalo Zekhatriji Zihlanganiswe kusengaphambili ukuze kube lula ukuzifaka, zilungele ukuhambisana kahle, zinciphise amaphutha kanye nesikhathi sokulungisa. Zaziwa ngokuthembeka kanye nobulula.
Izivalo Ezigobile Sebenzisa izivalo zensimbi noma ze-elastomeric esikhundleni sezipilingi, ukwamukela ukungalungi kahle nokuphatha kahle uketshezi oluqothulayo.
Izivalo Zezindebe Zishibhile futhi zilula, zingena ngqo emshafini zinokulingana okuphazamisekile, zisebenza kahle ezimweni ezijwayelekile kodwa azifanele ukusetshenziswa koketshezi olunomfutho ophezulu noma oluhudulayo.
Izimpawu Ezilinganiselayo vs. Ezingalingani
Ama-Unbalanced Mechanical Seals ahlushwa kakhulu ukucindezela okuphezulu okusebenza ebusweni be-seal, okungaholela ekugugeni okukhulu. Ukulula komklamo kuwenza afaneleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kokucindezela okuphansi, ngokuvamile okungadluli imigoqo engu-12-15. Ukwakhiwa kwawo okuqondile kusho ukuthi avame ukuba ngcono kakhulu kodwa angase angafaneleki ezinhlelweni zokucindezela okuphezulu ngenxa yokuthambekela kwawo kokuvuza ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okukhulu.
Izisimbozo Zemishini Ezilinganiselayozenzelwe ukusingatha izingcindezi eziphakeme kakhulu ngempumelelo, ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezicelweni ezingaphezu kwamabha angu-20. Lokhu kufezwa ngokushintsha i-geometry yesivalo ukuze kulinganiswe ingcindezi yoketshezi esebenza ebusweni besivalo, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe amandla e-axial kanye nokushisa okukhiqizwa esibonakalayo. Ngenxa yalokhu kulinganisela okuthuthukisiwe, lezi zivalo zinikeza ubude obude nokuthembeka okuthuthukisiwe ezindaweni ezinomfutho ophezulu kodwa zivame ukuba yinkimbinkimbi futhi zibize kakhulu kunezinye ezingalingani.
Izimbozo Zokucindezela Nezingezona Ezicindezelayo
Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisa lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezimpawu yindlela yazo yokwamukela izinguquko ekugugeni kobuso noma izinguquko zobukhulu ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokwehluka kwengcindezi.
Ama-Pusher Seals asebenzisa isici sokuvala sesibili esinamandla, njenge-O-ring noma i-wedge, esihamba nge-axial eceleni kwe-shaft noma i-sleeve ukuze sigcine ukuxhumana nobuso be-seal. Lokhu kunyakaza kuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuso be-seal buhlala buvaliwe futhi buqondaniswe kahle, ngaleyo ndlela kunxephezele ukuguguleka nokukhula kokushisa. Ama-Pusher seals aziwa ngokuzivumelanisa nezimo zawo ezimweni ezahlukene zokusebenza, okwenza kube ukukhetha okusebenzayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezahlukene.
Izimbozo Ezingezona Ezicindezelayosebenzisa isici sokuvala esingaguquki—ngokuvamile i-bellows (insimbi noma i-elastomer)—esiguquguquka ukuze sivumelane nezinguquko zobude phakathi kobuso besivalo ngaphandle kokuhamba nge-axial eduze kwengxenye abayivalayo. Lo mklamo ususa isidingo sesici sokuvala sesibili esinamandla, kunciphisa amathuba okulenga noma ukunamathela okubangelwa ukungcola noma amadiphozithi ezingxenyeni ezishelelayo. Izivalo ezingacindezeli ziwusizo kakhulu ekuphatheni amakhemikhali aqinile, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, noma lapho kudingeka khona ukulungiswa okuncane.
Ukukhetha phakathi kwezimbobo zokucindezela kanye nezingezona ezicindezelayo kuvame ukuncika ezidingweni ezithile zokusebenza njengohlobo loketshezi, izinga lokushisa, amazinga okucindezela, kanye nezinkinga zemvelo njengokuhambisana kwamakhemikhali kanye nokuhlanzeka. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezinzuzo zalo ezihlukile: izimbobo zokucindezela zinikeza ukuguquguquka kuzo zonke izimo ezahlukahlukene kanti izimbobo zokucindezela ezingezona ezicindezelayo zinikeza ukuthembeka ezimweni ezidinga kakhulu ngokunakekelwa okuncane.
Izimbozo Zekhatriji
Izivalo ze-cartridge zimelela intuthuko enkulu emkhakheni wezivalo zemishini zamaphampu amanzi. Lezi zivalo zihlukaniswa ngomklamo wazo wonke-ku-munye, ohlanganisa isivalo kanye nepuleti le-gland ibe yiyunithi eyodwa. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwangaphambili kwenza kube lula izinqubo zokufaka futhi kunciphisa amaphutha okusetha angaholela ekwehlulekeni kwesivalo. Izivalo ze-cartridge zenzelwe ukuba kube lula ukuzigcina nokuthembeka, okwenza zibe ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwezicelo lapho ukunemba nokuqina kubaluleke kakhulu.
Isici esichazayo sezimbozo zekhatriji yikhono lazo lokwamukela ukungalungi kahle phakathi komgodi wephampu kanye negumbi lesimbozo. Ngokungafani nezimbozo zezingxenye zendabuko ezidinga ukulungiswa okunembile ukuze zisebenze kahle, izimbozo zekhatriji ziyathethelela ngezinga elithile ukungalungi kahle, ngaleyo ndlela zinciphise ukuguguleka futhi zandise impilo yesevisi. Lesi sici siwusizo kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okubandakanya ukuzungeza okusheshayo noma izimo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukayo.
Ukwakhiwa kwezimbozo zekhatriji kuhlanganisa izingxenye eziningana ezibalulekile: ubuso obujikelezayo, obujikeleza ngomshafu wephampu; ubuso obungashukumi, lapho ubuso obujikelezayo bushelela khona; iziphethu noma izimbozo ezisebenzisa amandla e-axial ukugcina ukuxhumana kobuso; kanye nezinto zokuvala zesibili ezivimbela ukuvuza emshafuleni kanye naphakathi kwepuleti le-gland. Izinto zalezi zingxenye ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezimo zesevisi kodwa ngokuvamile zifaka i-silicon carbide, i-tungsten carbide, i-ceramics, kanye nama-elastomer ahlukahlukene.
Izivalo ze-cartridge mechanical zinikeza izinzuzo zokusebenza njengokuzinza kokushisa okuthuthukisiwe kanye namakhono okuvimbela ukuvuza athuthukisiwe. Ukwakheka kwazo okuqinile kunciphisa ingozi yokulimala ngesikhathi sokuphathwa noma ukufakwa—inkinga evamile ngezivalo zezingxenye ezibuthakathaka kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba zihlanganiswe efektri futhi zihlolwe ingcindezi, amathuba okuhlanganiswa okungalungile ancipha kakhulu.
Izimbonakaliso Ezibhobozekile
Izivalo ezigobile ziyisigaba esihlukile sesivalo somshini esisetshenziswa kakhulu kumaphampu amanzi. Umklamo wazo usebenzisa isici esiguquguqukayo sohlobo lwe-accordion ukuze kusebenze ubuso besivalo, okuzenza zibe nekhono lokusingatha ukungalungi komgodi kanye nokuphuma kwawo, kanye nokunyakaza kwe-axial komgodi. Lokhu kuguquguquka kubalulekile ekugcineni isivalo siqinile ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene.
Ukusebenza kwezimbobo ezigobile akuxhomekile eziphethwini ukuze kulayishwe okudingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ubuso bokuvala buhlangene; kunalokho, zisebenzisa ukuqina kwezinto ezigobile ngokwazo. Lesi sici sisusa amaphuzu amaningi okwehluleka futhi sinegalelo ekudeleni nasekuthembekeni kwazo. Izimbobo ezigobile zingenziwa ngezinto eziningana, okuhlanganisa insimbi kanye nama-elastomer ahlukahlukene, ngalinye likhethwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zokusetshenziswa okuhlanganisa ukumelana nokushisa, ukuhambisana kwamakhemikhali, kanye namandla okuphatha ingcindezi.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezimbobo ezingaphansi: izimbobo zensimbi kanye nezimbobo ze-elastomer. Izimbobo ezingaphansi zensimbi zikhethwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu noma lapho kubhekene namakhemikhali anolaka angase onakalise izinto ezithambile. Izimbobo ezingaphansi ze-elastomer zivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezingaqinile kangako kodwa zinikeza ukuguquguquka okuhle kakhulu futhi zingabizi kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi zokusebenza.
Inzuzo eyodwa ephawulekayo yokusebenzisa izivalo ezingezansi yikhono lazo lokusingatha inani elikhulu lokunyakaza kwe-axial shaft ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle. Lokhu kuzenza zibe usizo kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni lapho ukukhula kokushisa kwe-pump shaft kulindeleke khona noma lapho ukulungiswa kwemishini kungenakukwazi ukulawulwa ngokunembile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba izivalo ezingezansi zingaklanywa ukuthi zisebenze ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezisizayo (zokupholisa noma ukugcoba), zisekela imiklamo yephampu eqondile futhi engabizi kakhulu ngokunciphisa izidingo zezingxenye ezingaphandle.
Ekubukezeni ukukhethwa kwezinto zalezi zivalo, ukuhambisana nendawo epompiwe kubalulekile. Izinsimbi ezifana neHastelloy, Inconel, Monel, kanye nezinsimbi ezingagqwali ezahlukahlukene ziyizinketho ezivamile ezindaweni eziyinselele. Kuma-elastomer bellows, izinto ezifana nerabha ye-nitrile (NBR), i-ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), ama-silicone rubber (VMQ), kanye nama-fluoroelastomer afana neViton akhethwa ngokusekelwe ekuqineni kwawo emiphumeleni ehlukahlukene yokubola noma yokuguguleka koketshezi.
Izivalo Zezindebe
Izivikelo zezindebe ziwuhlobo oluthile lwezivikelo zemishini ezisetshenziswa kumaphampu amanzi, ezenzelwe ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa okuphansi komfutho. Njengoba zibonakala ngokulula kwazo kanye nokusebenza kahle, izimvikelo zezindebe zakhiwe ngebhokisi lensimbi elibamba izindebe eziguquguqukayo ngokumelene nomgodi ojikelezayo. Le zindebe zakha isikhombimsebenzisi sokuvala esiguquguqukayo esivimbela amanzi noma ezinye izinto eziwuketshezi ukuthi zingavuzi ngenkathi zivumela i-shaft ukuthi ijikeleze ngokukhululeka. Ukwakheka kwazo kuvame ukuba lula, okwenza kube inketho engabizi kakhulu yezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi.
Ukusebenza kahle kwezivalo zezindebe kumaphampu amanzi kuncike esimweni somphezulu womgodi kanye nokukhethwa okufanele kwezinto zokuvala ngokusekelwe endaweni yokusebenza. Izinto ezivame ukusetshenziswa kule zindebe zifaka irabha ye-nitrile, i-polyurethane, i-silicone, kanye ne-fluoropolymer elastomers, ngayinye inikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile maqondana nokumelana nokushisa, ukuhambisana kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka.
Ukukhetha isivalo sezindebe esifanele sephampu yamanzi kuhilela ukucabangela izici ezifana nohlobo loketshezi, ububanzi bokucindezela, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, kanye nesivinini somgodi. Ukukhetha izinto ezingalungile noma ukufakwa okungafanele kungaholela ekwehlulekeni kwesisivalo kusenesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukunamathela eziqondisweni zomkhiqizi kanye nemikhuba emihle ngesikhathi sokukhetha kanye nezinqubo zokufaka.
Naphezu kokulinganiselwa kwazo ezimweni zokucindezela okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zokuvala okwenziwa ngomshini njengezivalo ezilinganisiwe noma ezifakwe i-cartridge, izivalo zomlomo zisetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo kahle kwezindleko kanye nokulula kokugcinwa kwazo. Zithandwa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zamanzi zasemakhaya, amaphampu okupholisa ezimoto, kanye nezicelo zezimboni ezilula lapho ukucindezela kuhlala kuphakathi.
Umklamo Wesivalo Semishini Sephampu Yamanzi
Ubunzima bokuklama uphawu olusebenzayo lwemishini buhilela izinto eziningana ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe, okuhlanganisa ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifanele, ukuqonda izimo zokusebenza, kanye nokwenza ngcono i-geometry yobuso bophawu.
Embindini walo, uphawu lomshini wepompo yamanzi luqukethe izingxenye ezimbili ezibalulekile emsebenzini walo: ingxenye engashukumi enamathiselwe ekhasejini lepompo kanye nengxenye ejikelezayo exhunywe kushafu. Lezi zingxenye zithintana ngqo ebusweni bazo bokuvala, ezipholishwa ukuze kufezwe amazinga aphezulu okushelela, kuncishiswe ukungqubuzana kanye nokuguguleka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Enye yezinto ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe ekuklanyweni ukukhetha izinto ezingamelana nokucindezeleka okuhlukahlukene kokusebenza njengokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali, kanye nokuguguleka. Izinto ezivamile zifaka i-silicon carbide, i-tungsten carbide, i-ceramic, insimbi engagqwali, kanye ne-carbon graphite. Izinto ngazinye zinikeza izakhiwo ezihlukile ezihambisana nezimo zokuvala ezahlukene kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Esinye isici esibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwesivalo semishini ukulinganisela ingcindezi ye-hydraulic ebusweni besivalo. Lokhu kulinganisela kunciphisa ukuvuza futhi kunciphisa ukuguguleka kobuso. Onjiniyela basebenzisa izindlela zokubala ezithuthukisiwe kanye nezinqubo zokuhlola ukubikezela ukuthi imiklamo izosebenza kanjani ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza zangempela. Ngezinqubo zokuklama eziphindaphindayo ezifaka ukulingisa kwe-finite element analysis (FEA), abakhiqizi bangalungisa amajiyometri esivalo ukuze basebenze kahle.
I-geometry yobuso be-seal ngokwayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukujiya kwefilimu phakathi kobuso ngaphansi kwezingcindezi nesivinini esihlukahlukene. Izakhiwo zobuso eziklanywe kahle zisiza ukusabalalisa uketshezi ngokulinganayo endaweni yonke, zithuthukise ukuthambisa nokupholisa ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo zinciphisa ukuguguleka.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinto, ukunaka kuqondiswe ekusebenziseni izici ezivumela ukunyakaza kwe-axial noma kwe-radial okubangelwa ukwanda kokushisa noma ukudlidliza. Imiklamo enjalo iqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana kugcinwa phakathi kwezindawo zokuvala ngaphandle kokucindezeleka okukhulu okungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.
Izinto Zophawu Lomshini Wepompo Yamanzi
Izakhiwo zezinto zobuso be-Seal
I-Silicon Carbide Ubulukhuni obungavamile, ukuqhuba ukushisa, ukumelana namakhemikhali
I-Tungsten Carbide Ubulukhuni obuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka (ngokuvamile buthambile kune-silicon carbide)
Ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kwe-Ceramic, okufanelekela izindawo ezinolaka lwamakhemikhali
Izakhiwo ze-Graphite zokuzigcoba, ezisetshenziswa lapho ukugcoba kunzima khona
Izinto Zokuvala Zesibili
Ama-O-rings/Gaskets Nitrile (NBR), Viton (FKM), Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM), Perfluoroelastomers (FFKM)
Izinto Zokwenza Izinto Zensimbi
Iziphethu/Izinsimbi Zokubhoboza Insimbi engagqwali (isib. 304, 316) yokumelana nokugqwala; izinsimbi ezixubile ezingavamile njengeHastelloy noma i-Alloy 20 zezindawo ezigqwala kakhulu
Ukukhetha Iphampu Yamanzi Efanele Yophawu Lomshini
Uma ukhetha uphawu lomshini olufanele lwephampu yamanzi, kunezinto eziningana ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele. Ukukhetha okuphumelelayo kuncike ekuqondeni izidingo ezihlukile zokusetshenziswa kanye nokuhlola izici ezahlukahlukene ezithinta ukusebenza kophawu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi uhlobo loketshezi olupompelwayo, izimo zokusebenza, ukuhambisana kwezinto, kanye nezimfanelo ezithile zomklamo wophawu.
Izakhiwo zalolu ketshezi zidlala indima ebalulekile; amakhemikhali anolaka adinga izivalo ezenziwe ngezinto ezingamelani nokugqwala noma ukuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali. Ngokufanayo, uketshezi oluhudulayo ludinga ubuso bophawu oluqinile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuguguleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Izimo zokusebenza ezifana nokucindezela, izinga lokushisa, kanye nesivinini zinquma ukuthi uphawu olulinganiselayo noma olungalinganiseli lufanelekile yini, nokuthi uhlobo lokucindezela noma olungacindezeli luzothembeka kakhudlwana.
Ukuhambisana kwezinto zokuvala kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa impilo ende yenkonzo kanye nokusebenza kahle. I-silicon carbide, i-tungsten carbide, kanye ne-ceramics kuyizinketho ezivamile zobuso bokuvala ngenxa yokuqina kwazo kanye nokumelana nezimo ezimbi kakhulu. Izinto zokuvala zesibili—ngokuvamile ama-elastomer afana ne-Viton noma i-EPDM—kumele futhi zihambisane noketshezi lwenqubo ukuvimbela ukuwohloka.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu okucatshangelwayo, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zingazuza ezimpahleni ezikhethekile njengezimpahleni zekhatriji ukuze kube lula ukuzifaka, izimpahleni ezingaphansi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinokunyakaza okulinganiselwe kwe-axial, noma izimpahleni zezindebe zezimo ezidinga kakhulu.
Ekugcineni, ukukhetha uphawu lomshini olufanele lwepompo yamanzi kuhilela ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwezidingo ezihlukile zesicelo ngasinye. Ukubonisana nabakhiqizi noma ochwepheshe kungakunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile kokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesivalo kanye nokwakheka kwezinto ezihambisana kahle nezidingo zakho, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nesikhathi eside semishini. Ulwazi kule ndawo alugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kodwa futhi lunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokwehluleka okungalindelekile kanye nezindleko zokulungisa.
Yini Ebangela Ukwehluleka Kwesivalo Semishini Yepompo Yamanzi?
Ukufakwa okungalungile: Uma uphawu lungaqondani kahle noma lungahlali kahle ngesikhathi sokufakwa, kungaholela ekugugeni okungalingani, ukuvuza, noma ngisho nokwehluleka ngokuphelele ngaphansi kokucindezeleka kokusebenza.
Ukukhetha okungalungile kwezinto zokuvala: Ukukhetha izinto zokuvala ezingalungile zokusetshenziswa okuthile kungabangela ukuwohloka kwamakhemikhali noma umonakalo wokushisa lapho kuvezwa uketshezi oluqothulayo kakhulu noma olushisa kakhulu kunezinto ezikhethiwe.
Izici Zokusebenza: Ukusebenza okomile, ukusebenzisa iphampu engenalo uketshezi olwanele, kungabangela ukwakheka kokushisa okweqile okuholela ekulimaleni kwesivalo. Ukuqhekeka, okwenzeka lapho amabhamuza omhwamuko akheka oketshezini ngenxa yokushintsha okusheshayo kwengcindezi bese ewa ngokwawo, kungaguga futhi kubhidlize izivalo zemishini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Imikhuba yokuphatha noma yokulungisa engafanele: Ukusetshenziswa okungaphezu kwemingcele enconywayo njengokucindezelwa ngokweqile, amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu ngaphezu kwemininingwane yokuklama, noma isivinini sokujikeleza esidlula lokho uphawu olwaklanyelwe kona kuzosheshisa ukuguguleka nokudabuka. Ukungcola ngaphakathi kwesistimu - okuvela ezintweni ezincane ezifika phakathi kwezindawo zokuvala - kusheshisa nokuwohloka.
Ululungisa kanjani uphawu lomshini empompini yamanzi?
Isinyathelo 1: Ukulungiselela Nokuphepha
Qinisekisa ukuphepha: Ngaphambi kokuqala noma yimuphi umsebenzi, gqoka izimpahla zokuphepha ezifanele bese unqamula yonke imithombo kagesi empompini yamanzi ukuze uvimbele izingozi.
Indawo yokusebenza ehlanzekile: Qinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokusebenza ihlanzekile futhi ayinazo izibi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungcola ngesikhathi sokulungisa.
Isinyathelo 2: Ukudiliza Iphampu Yamanzi
Qhaqa ngokucophelela: Susa amabhawodi noma izikulufo ezivikela isikhwama sephampu nezinye izingxenye, ulandelele izingxenye ezisusiwe ukuze kube lula ukuzihlanganisa kabusha kamuva.
Finyelela uphawu lomshini: Uma seluqaqiwe, thola futhi ufinyelele uphawu lomshini ngaphakathi kwepompo.
Isinyathelo 3: Ukuhlola Nokuhlola
Hlola umonakalo: Hlola ngokucophelela uphawu lomshini ukuze uthole izimpawu zomonakalo onjengokuqhekeka, ukuguguleka ngokweqile, noma ukugqwala.
Nquma isidingo sokufaka esikhundleni: Uma uphawu lonakele, kumele lufakwe esikhundleni esifanele esifanelana nezimfuneko zephampu.
Isinyathelo 4: Ukufaka Isivalo Esisha Semishini
Hlanza izindawo ezithintanayo: Hlanza zonke izindawo ezithintanayo ukuze ususe udoti noma izinsalela, uqinisekise ukuthi uphawu olusha lunamathela kahle.
Faka uhlangothi lwesipilingi: Beka ngokucophelela uhlangothi lwesipilingi sesivalo esisha esikhwameni somgodi, uqinisekise ukuthi luhlezi kahle ngaphandle kwamandla amaningi.
Faka i-lubricant: Uma kudingeka, faka inani elincane le-lubricant ukuze kube lula ukuyifaka.
Isinyathelo 5: Ukuqondanisa Nokufaka
Qondanisa ingxenye engaguquki: Qondanisa bese ucindezela ufake ingxenye engaguquki yesivalo esihlalweni sayo ngaphakathi kwesikhwama sephampu noma ipuleti le-gland, uqinisekise ukuthi iguqukile kahle ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza noma ukwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.
Isinyathelo 6: Ukuhlanganisa kabusha
Ukuqaqa okuphambene: Hlanganisa kabusha zonke izingxenye ngokulandelana okuphambene kokuqaqa, uqinisekise ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye iboshwe kuzilungiselelo zayo ze-torque ezibekiwe ukuze kuvinjelwe izingxenye ezikhululekile ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Isinyathelo 7: Ukuhlolwa Kokugcina
Zungezisa ishafti ngesandla: Ngaphambi kokuxhuma kabusha amandla, zungezisa ishafti yephampu ngesandla ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izithiyo nokuthi zonke izingxenye zihamba ngokukhululeka njengoba kulindelekile.
Hlola ukuvuza: Ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kabusha, hlola noma yikuphi ukuvuza okuzungeze indawo yokuvala ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa okufanele.
Izimbozo Zemishini Yephampu Zihlala Isikhathi Eside Kangakanani?
Isikhathi sokuphila kwezivalo zomshini wepompo siyisici esibalulekile sokugcinwa nokusebenza kahle kwezicelo ezahlukene zezimboni. Ngokuvamile, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, uphawu lomshini olugcinwe kahle lungahlala noma kuphi kusukela onyakeni owodwa kuya kwemithathu ngaphambi kokudinga ukushintshwa noma ukulungiswa. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi impilo yangempela yesevisi ingahluka kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezicini eziningana.
Izici ezibalulekile ezithonya ukuqina kwezivalo zemishini yepompo zifaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni ezithile, izimo zokusebenza ezifana nokushisa kanye nengcindezi, uhlobo loketshezi olupompelwayo, kanye nokuba khona kwezinto ezihudulayo noma ezigqwalisayo ngaphakathi koketshezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwezinto ze-seal kanye nomklamo wayo (olinganiselayo vs. ongalingani, i-cartridge vs. bellow, njll.) kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ubude bayo.
Ukugcinwa njalo kanye nokufakwa okufanele nakho kubalulekile ekwandiseni isikhathi sokuphila salezi zivalo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuso bezivalo buhlala buhlanzekile futhi buphelele, ukuqapha izimpawu zokuguguleka, kanye nokunamathela ezimisweni zomenzi zokusebenza kungandisa kakhulu isikhathi sazo sokusebenza ngempumelelo.
Isikhathi Sokuphila Sesigxobo Semishini Singandiswa Kanjani?
Ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwesivalo somshini emaphampini amanzi kuhilela ukulungiswa ngokucophelela, ukufakwa okuhle kakhulu, kanye nokusebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele ecacisiwe.
Ukukhetha okufanele ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zohlelo lokusebenza kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezimo zokusebenza. Ukuhlolwa njalo nokugcinwa kunciphisa ukuguguleka futhi kuvimbele ukwehluleka ngaphambi kokuba kube okubalulekile. Ukuqinisekisa uketshezi oluhlanzekile kubalulekile njengoba izinto ezingcolisayo zingasheshisa ukuguguleka. Ukufaka izilawuli zemvelo, njengezinhlelo zokuvala ugesi, kuphatha ukushisa ngempumelelo futhi kususe izinhlayiya ezingalimaza ubuso bophawu.
Ukulinganisela amapharamitha okusebenza ukuze kugwenywe ukucindezela ngokweqile noma amazinga okushisa adlula izimfuneko zesivalo kubalulekile ukuze kuhlale isikhathi eside. Ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokugcoba nokupholisa lapho kudingeka kusiza ekugcineni izimo ezifanele zokusebenza kwesivalo. Ukugwema izimo zokusebenza ezomile kugcina ubuqotho besivalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuqeqesha abaqhubi ngemikhuba emihle kakhulu yezinqubo zokuqalisa nokuvala kuvimbela ukucindezeleka okungadingekile ezivalweni zemishini. Ukunamathela ezimisweni zokulungisa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kuhlolwe izingxenye ezifana nezipringi, izimbozo, namakhola okukhiya ukuze kutholakale izimpawu zokuguguleka noma umonakalo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwandiseni impilo yesevisi.
Ngokugxila ekukhetheni okufanele, ukunemba kokufakwa, izindlela zokuvikela ekungeneni okungcolile, kanye nokunamathela eziqondisweni zokusebenza, isikhathi sokuphila kwezivalo zemishini yepompo yamanzi singathuthukiswa kakhulu. Le ndlela ayigcini nje ngokuvikela ukuthembeka kwezinhlelo zepompo kodwa futhi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ngokunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi kanye nezindleko zokulungisa.
Ekuphetheni
Ngamafuphi, uphawu lomshini wephampu yamanzi luyinto ebalulekile eyenzelwe ukuvimbela ukuvuza nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwamaphampu e-centrifugal ngokugcina isithiyo phakathi koketshezi olupompelwayo nendawo engaphandle.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-08-2024