uphawu lwephampuUkwehluleka nokuvuza kungenye yezizathu ezivame kakhulu zokungasebenzi kahle kwephampu, futhi kungabangelwa yizinto eziningana. Ukuze ugweme ukuvuza nokwehluleka kwephampu, kubalulekile ukuqonda inkinga, ukuhlonza iphutha, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izivalo zesikhathi esizayo azibangeli umonakalo owengeziwe wephampu kanye nezindleko zokulungisa. Lapha, sibheka izizathu eziphambili zokwehluleka kwezivalo zephampu nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze uzigweme.
Izimpawu zomshini zokupompayizona zinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zamaphampu. Izivalo zivimbela uketshezi olupompiwe ukuthi lungavuzi futhi zivimbela noma yikuphi ukungcola okungenzeka kungene.
Zisetshenziselwa ukuhambisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zoketshezi ezimbonini ezifana nowoyela negesi, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi, amanzi namanzi angcolile, ukudla neziphuzo, nokuningi. Ngokusetshenziswa kabanzi kangaka, kubalulekile ukuthi kutholakale ukuvuza, futhi kuvinjelwe ukuqhubekela phambili.
Kufanele kuvunywe ukuthi zonke izivalo zepompo ziyavuza; kudingeka, ukuze kugcinwe ifilimu ewuketshezi phezu kobuso besivalo. Inhloso yesivalo ukulawula ukuvuza. Kodwa-ke, ukuvuza okungalawulwayo nokudlulele kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu epompo uma kungalungiswa ngokushesha.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukwehluleka kwesivalo kungumphumela wephutha lokufakwa, ukwehluleka komklamo, ukuguguleka, ukungcola, ukwehluleka kwezingxenye, noma iphutha elingahlobene ne-can, kubalulekile ukuxilonga inkinga ngesikhathi esifanele, ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi ukulungiswa okusha noma ukufakwa okusha kuyadingeka yini.
Ngokuqonda izimbangela zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokwehluleka kophawu lwephampu, kanye namathiphu alula, isiqondiso kanye nokuhlela, kuba lula kakhulu ukugwema ukuvuza kwesikhathi esizayo. Nasi uhlu lwezizathu ezivame kakhulu zokwehluleka kophawu lwephampu:
Iphutha lokufaka
Uma kutholakala ukwehluleka kophawu lwephampu, inqubo yokuqala yokuqalisa kanye nokufakwa kophawu kufanele kuhlolwe kuqala. Lena yimbangela evame kakhulu yokwehluleka kophawu. Uma amathuluzi afanele engasetshenziswa, uphawu lunomonakalo okhona noma uphawu lungafakwanga ngendlela efanele, iphampu izokonakala ngokushesha.
Ukufaka uphawu lwephampu ngokungalungile kungabangela ukwehluleka okuningi, njengomonakalo we-elastomer. Ngenxa yobuso obubucayi nobuyisicaba bophawu lwephampu, ngisho nokungcola okuncane kakhulu, uwoyela noma izigxivizo zeminwe kungaholela ebusweni obungaqondile. Uma ubuso bungaqondile, ukuvuza okweqile kuzongena uphawu lwephampu. Uma izingxenye ezinkulu zophawu – njengezibhawodi, ukuthambisa, kanye nokucushwa kohlelo lokusekela – nazo zingahlolwa, uphawu akunakwenzeka ukuthi lusebenze kahle kusukela ekufakweni.
Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokufakwa kwesivalo okungafanele yilezi:
• Ukukhohlwa ukuqinisa izikulufo ezibekiwe
• Ukonakalisa ubuso besivalo
• Ukusebenzisa kabi ukuxhumeka kwamapayipi
• Ukungaqinisi ama-gland bolts ngokulinganayo
Uma kungabonwa ngaphambi kokuqala ipompo, iphutha lokufaka lingabangela ukukhubeka kwenjini kanye nokusonteka kweshaft, kokubili okubangela ukunyakaza kwe-orbital kanye nokuxhumana kwezingxenye zangaphakathi. Lokhu ekugcineni kuzoholela ekwehlulekeni kwesivalo kanye nokuphila okulinganiselwe kokuthwala.
Ukukhetha uphawu olungalungile
Ukuntuleka kolwazi ngesikhathi sokuklama nokufaka uphawu kungenye imbangela evamile yokwehluleka kophawu, ngakho-ke ukukhetha uphawu olufanele kubalulekile. Kunezici eziningi okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha uphawu olufanele lwephampu, njenge:
• Izimo zokusebenza
• Imisebenzi engeyona eyenqubo
• Ukuhlanza
• Ukushisa ngomusi
• I-asidi
• Ukushaqeka okubangelwa yi-caustic
• Amathuba ohambo olungaphandle komklamo
Izinto zophawu kumele zihambisane noketshezi olungaphakathi kwepompo, kungenjalo uphawu lungase lonakale futhi luholele ekulimaleni okungaphezu kokuvuza koketshezi. Isibonelo esisodwa ukukhetha uphawu lwamanzi ashisayo; amanzi angaphezu kuka-87°C awakwazi ukugcoba nokupholisa ubuso bophawu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhetha uphawu olunezinto ezifanele ze-elastomer kanye nemingcele yokusebenza. Uma uphawu olungalungile lusetshenziswa futhi uphawu lwepompo luphazamisekile, ukungqubuzana okuphezulu phakathi kobuso bophawu ababili kuzobangela ukwehluleka okuthile kophawu.
Ukungahambisani kwamakhemikhali kwesivalo kuvame ukunganakwa lapho kukhethwa izivalo zepompo. Uma uketshezi lungahambisani nesivalo, kungabangela ukuthi izivalo zerabha, ama-gasket, ama-impeller, ama-pump casings kanye nama-diffuser aqhekeke, avuvuke, anciphe noma awonakale. Izivalo zivame ukudinga ukushintshwa lapho kushintshwa uketshezi lwe-hydraulic ngaphakathi kwepompo. Kuye ngokuthi uketshezi lwepompo, isivalo esenziwe ngezinto ezintsha, ezikhethekile singadingeka ukuze kugwenywe ukwehluleka. Umklamo ngamunye woketshezi kanye nepompo unezidingo zawo. Ukukhetha isivalo esingalungile kuzoqinisekisa izinselele ezithile zokusetshenziswa kanye nomonakalo.
Ukugijima okomile
Ukusebenza okomile kubangelwa uma iphampu isebenza ngaphandle koketshezi. Uma izingxenye zangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwephampu, ezithembele kuketshezi olupompelwe ukuze ziphole futhi zigcotshwe, zivezwa ekungqubuzaneni okwandayo ngaphandle kokugcoba okwanele, ukushisa okubangelwa yilokhu kuzoholela ekuhlulekeni kokuvala. Ukwehluleka okuningi kokusebenza okomile kwenzeka ngokuqala kabusha iphampu ngemva kokulungisa ngaphandle kokuhlola ukuthi iphampu igcwele uketshezi ngokuphelele.
Uma ipompo yomile futhi ukushisa kukhuphuka ngaphezu kwalokho uphawu olungakuphatha, uphawu lwepompo cishe luzodala umonakalo ongenakulungiseka. Uphawu lungasha noma luncibilike, okubangela uketshezi ukuvuza. Imizuzwana embalwa nje yokusebenza okomile kungabangela ukuqhekeka kokushisa noma amabhamuza ophawulweni, okuzoholela ekuqhekekeni komgodi wepompo ovuzayo.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lapho uphawu lomshini lubhekana nokushaqeka kokushisa, lungaphuka phakathi kwemizuzwana engama-30 noma ngaphansi. Ukuze uvimbele lolu hlobo oluthile lomonakalo, hlola uphawu lwephampu; uma uphawu lungasebenzanga kahle, ubuso bophawu buzoba mhlophe.
Ukudlidliza
Amaphampu ayanyakaza futhi adlidlize ngokwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, uma iphampu ingalingani kahle, ukudlidliza komshini kuzokwanda kuze kube seqophelweni lomonakalo. Ukudlidliza kwephampu kungabangelwa futhi ukuhlelwa okungafanele kanye nokusebenzisa iphampu kude kakhulu ngakwesobunxele noma kwesokudla se-Best Efficiency Point (BEP) yephampu. Ukudlidliza okuningi kuholela ekudlaleni okukhulu kwe-axial kanye ne-radial kweshaft, okubangela ukuhlelwa okungalungile, kanye nokuvuza koketshezi okwengeziwe ngesivalo.
Ukudlidliza kungaba umphumela wokugcotshwa ngokweqile; uphawu lomshini luthembele efilimini encane yokugcoba phakathi kobuso bokuvala, futhi ukudlidliza okukhulu kuvimbela ukwakheka kwalolu ngqimba lokugcoba. Uma iphampu idinga ukusebenza ezimweni ezinzima, njengephampu zokudonsa amanzi, uphawu olusetshenziswayo kudingeka lukwazi ukuphatha ukudlala kwe-axial kanye ne-radial okungaphezu kwesilinganiso. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlonza i-BEP yephampu, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi iphampu ayinkulu noma iphansi kune-BEP yayo. Lokhu kungabangela izinhlobo eziningi zomonakalo ngale kokuvuza kophawu.
Ukugqoka amabhere
Njengoba umgodi wephampu ujikeleza, amabheringi azoguga ngenxa yokungqubuzana. Amabheringi agugile azokwenza umgodi ujike, okubangela ukudlidliza okulimazayo, imiphumela yako esixoxe ngayo.
Ukuguguleka kungenzeka kwenzeke ngokwemvelo esikhathini sokuphila kwesivalo. Izivalo ziyaguguleka ngokwemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yize ukungcola kuvame ukusheshisa ukuguguleka futhi kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphila. Lokhu kungcola kungenzeka ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusekela isivalo noma ngaphakathi kwepompo. Amanye amanzi angcono ekugcineni ukungcola kusuka kusivalo sepompo. Uma kungekho esinye isizathu sokuguguleka kwesivalo, cabanga ngokushintsha amanzi ukuze uthuthukise isikhathi sokuphila kwesivalo. Ngokufanayo, amabheringi asezingeni eliphezulu awakwazi ukukhubazeka ngenxa yokucindezela komthwalo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukunciphisa uhlobo lokuxhumana kwensimbi nensimbi okungase kubangele ukungcola okungokoqobo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-17-2023