Iqhaza Lezimpawu Zemishini Embonini Kawoyela NePetrochemical

Isingeniso

Izigxivizo zemishini zidlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini zikawoyela nezamakhemikhali e-petrochemical, lapho izimo ezinzima, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, namakhemikhali anolaka kuvame ukuba khona. Lezi zimboni zithembele kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwezigxivizo zemishini ukugcina ubuqotho bezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa amaphampu, ama-mixers, ama-compressor, nama-reactors. Isici esingasebenzi kahle noma esiklanywe kabi singaholela ekuvuzeni koketshezi, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukwehla kwesikhathi esikhulayo, kanye nokulungiswa okumba eqolo.

Le ndatshana icubungula ukusetshenziswa okubalulekile kwezigxivizo zemishini ezimbonini zikawoyela nezamakhemikhali e-petrochemical, igqamisa ukubaluleka kwazo, izici ezithonya ukukhethwa kwezimpawu, kanye nokusungulwa kwezinto ezintsha ezithuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bezimpawu.

Yini iMechanical Seal?

I-mechanical seal iyisisetshenziswa esisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukuvuza ezintweni ezizungezayo, njengamaphampu nama-compressor, kuyilapho kugcinwa ukuvaleka okuqinile phakathi kwe-shaft nezingxenye ezimile. Ama-mechanical seal aklanyelwe ukuphatha izimo eziguqukayo, lapho shaft ezungezayo idala ukungqubuzana nobuso bezimpawu ezimile. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wophawu lwemishini ukuhlinzeka ngomgoqo wokuvimbela ukuphuma koketshezi noma amagesi, ngalokho kuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kokusebenza.

Izigxivizo zemishini zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni ezahlukahlukene zokuphatha uketshezi oluhlanzekile nolungcolile, okuhlanganisa izinto eziyingozi njengama-asidi, ama-alkali, nemikhiqizo ye-petrochemical. Njengoba kunikezwe indima ebalulekile abayidlalayo ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kokusebenza nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukukhethwa kwezimpawu zemishini kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezinto eziningi.

Ukubaluleka Kwezigxivizo Zemishini Embonini Kawoyela ne-Petrochemical

Imboni kawoyela ne-petrochemical imakwa ngezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezibandakanya ukuphatha amakhemikhali anolaka ahlukahlukene, izinto ezivuthayo, nezimo zokusebenza ngokweqile. Ezinye zezinselelo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

• Izindawo ezonakalisayo nezilimazayo:Amakhemikhali anjengama-asidi, ama-alkali, ne-chlorine avamile kulezi zimboni, ezingagqwala futhi ziguge ngokushesha izimpawu.

• Izimo zokucindezela okuphezulu nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu:Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zivame ukusebenza ngaphansi kokucindezela okukhulu namazinga okushisa, okudinga ama-seal akwazi ukumelana nokucindezeleka okukhulu kwemishini nokushisayo.

• Ingozi yokungcoliswa kwemvelo:Izinqubo eziningi ze-petrochemical zibandakanya izinto eziyingozi, uma zivuzayo, ezingaholela ekulimaleni okukhulu kwemvelo noma izingozi zokuphepha.

Izigxivizo zemishini zinciphisa lezi zingozi ngokunikeza isixazululo esithembekile sokuvala esivimbela ukuvuza, esiqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu, futhi sivikele kokubili imvelo nempilo yabantu.

Izicelo Zezigxivizo Zemishini Embonini Yamafutha NePetrochemical

1. Amaphampu nama-Compressors

Amaphampu nama-compressor yizicucu zemishini ezivame kakhulu ezidinga uphawu lwemishini embonini ye-petrochemical. Le mishini isetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni ezifana nokuthuthwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe, igesi yemvelo, namakhemikhali okuphakelayo.

• Amaphampu: Ezinhlelweni zokumpompa, izigxivizo zemishini zisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukuvuza koketshezi, olufana nowoyela noma igesi, eduze kwe-shaft ejikelezayo. Ama-seal abaluleke kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukuphuma koketshezi oluyingozi, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwendawo ezungezile kanye nabasebenzisi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuthinta uwoyela ongahluziwe, imikhiqizo kaphethiloli ocolisisiwe, noma amakhemikhali, izigxivizo zemishini zigcina ukucindezela nokugeleza okufanele kwesistimu.

• Ama-Compressors: Izigxivizo zemishini zibalulekile kuma-compressor aphatha ukucindezelwa kwegesi ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwegesi yemvelo kanye nokucubungula kwe-petrochemical. Izivalo zivimbela ukuvuza kwakho kokubili igesi ecindezelwe nanoma ikuphi uketshezi lokuthambisa olusetshenziswa enqubweni yokuminyanisa. Kuma-compressor, ukwehluleka kwezigxivizo kungaholela ekuvuzeni kwegesi eyinhlekelele, kube nemiphumela emibi yemvelo nokuphepha.

2. Ukuxuba kanye Amasistimu Agitation

Ezinqubweni eziningi ze-petrochemical, ukuxubana nokuyaluza kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlanganiswe ngempumelelo amakhemikhali, uphethiloli, noma izinyibilikisi. Ama-Mechanical seal asetshenziswa kuma-agitators kanye nezixube ukuze kugcinwe okuqukethwe ukuthi kungavuzi, ikakhulukazi uma amakhemikhali acutshungulwayo enobuthi noma eguquguquka.

Isibonelo, lapho kukhiqizwa izinto zokubasa nezinto zokwenziwa, ama-seal ayimishini agcina umfutho futhi avimbele ukuvuza kwezixube ezijikelezayo ezinesivinini esikhulu. Lezi zimpawu ziqinisekisa ukuthi ubuqotho besistimu buyagcinwa futhi akukho mhwamuko oyingozi noma oqhumayo ovunyelwe ukuphuma.

3. Ama-reactors kanye namakholomu okukhipha amanzi

Imboni kawoyela kanye ne-petrochemical incike kakhulu kuma-reactors namakholomu okukhipha amanzi ukuze kukhiqizwe amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, kusukela ekucwengeni uwoyela ongahluziwe kuya ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali okwenziwa namapulasitiki. Izigxivizo zemishini zisetshenziswa kuma-reactors ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwezinto zamakhemikhali, ukugcina ingcindezi edingekayo ukuze kuphenduleke kahle.

Kumakholomu e-distillation, izimpawu zemishini zivimbela ukuvuza ohlelweni kuyilapho kugcinwa amakhemikhali aguquguqukayo equkethwe. Izinqubo zokukhishwa kwe-distillation zivame ukusebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nezingcindezi, ngakho izimvu zamanzi zidinga ukuklanywa ngokucophelela ukuze zimelane nalezi zimo futhi zivimbele ukwehluleka okungaholela ezingozini eziyingozi noma ukulahlekelwa kwezimali.

4. Izishintshi Zokushisa

Izishintshisi zokushisa zidlala indima ebalulekile ekudluliselweni kokushisa phakathi koketshezi oluhlukene ngezinqubo ezahlukahlukene ze-petrochemical. Izigxivizo zemishini zisetshenziswa kulezi zinhlelo ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwezinto eziyingozi. Ezishintshisani zokushisa, izimpawu ziyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe ukugeleza koketshezi ngaphandle kokungcoliswa noma ukuvuza phakathi kwamashubhu okushintshanisa ukushisa nendawo yangaphandle.

Izishintshisi zokushisa zivame ukuphatha uketshezi olubolayo kanye nokushisa okuphezulu, okwenza ukukhethwa kwezimpawu zemishini ezisebenza kahle kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma ama-seal ehluleka kulezi zinhlelo, kungase kubangele ukuvuza kwamakhemikhali ayingozi noma ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa okungalawuleki, kokubili okungase kubangele imiphumela ebalulekile yezezimali nokuphepha.

5. Ama-Offshore Oil and Gas Platforms

Izisekelo zikawoyela zasogwini kanye nezinkundla zegesi zivame ukubhekana nezimo ezimbi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa izindawo ezinengcindezi ephezulu, amanzi olwandle agqwalile, namazinga okushisa ashintshashintshayo. Izigxivizo zemishini zibalulekile kulezi zindawo ukuvimbela ukuvuza koketshezi kumaphampu, ama-compressor, nama-turbines. Isibonelo, izigxivizo kumaphampu amaphakathi noma ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezibalulekile zidinga ukumelana nokugqwala futhi zikwazi ukumelana nezimo ezinzima zasogwini.

Izigxivizo ezisekelweni zasogwini kufanele zibe namandla ngokwanele ukuze zibekezelele ukudlidliza nokunyakaza okungaguquki kweplatifomu kuyilapho igcina umsebenzi wazo wokuvala ekuguquguqukeni kwezingcindezi namazinga okushisa. Ukwehluleka kwezigxivizo eziyimishini kulezi zilungiselelo kungaholela ekuchithekeni kukawoyela obizayo, ukulimala kwemvelo, nokulahlekelwa ukuphila.

Izinto Okumele Zicatshangelwe Ekukhetheni Izitifiketi Embonini Kawoyela Ne-Petrochemical

Ukukhethwa kwesigxivizo esifanele semishini kubalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, nokuthembeka kwesikhathi eside ezimbonini zikawoyela neze-petrochemical. Kunezici ezimbalwa ezithonya ukukhetha uphawu:

1. Uhlobo Loketshezi Oluphathwayo

Uhlobo loketshezi olucutshungulwayo lungenye yezinto ezicatshangelwayo ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho kukhethwa uphawu lwemishini. Uketshezi oluhlukene lunezici zamakhemikhali ezihlukene, ezingase zidinge izimpawu ezikhethekile ezingamelana nokugqwala noma ukuhuzuka.

• Uketshezi Olubolayo: Ukuphatha amakhemikhali abolayo, izigxivizo ezenziwe ngezinto ezifana nekhabhoni, i-ceramic, ne-tungsten carbide zivame ukuthandwa.

• I-Viscosity: I-viscosity yoketshezi nayo ithinta ukwakheka kophawu. Uketshezi olune-viscosity ephezulu lungadinga ama-seal anezinto zobuso ezikhethekile ukuze kugwenywe ukungqubuzana okukhulu.

• Uketshezi Olunobuthi noma Oluguquguqukayo: Lapho kusingathwa uketshezi oluyingozi noma oluvuthayo, ama-seal kufanele akhelwe ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuvuza. Izigxivizo eziphindwe kabili noma izigxivizo ze-cartridge zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuqukatha ukuvuza kulezi zimo.

2. Izinga Lokushisa Lokusebenza kanye Nokucindezela

Izigxivizo zemishini kufanele zikhethwe ngokusekelwe ezimweni zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa nokucindezela. Izinqubo eziningi ze-petrochemical zisebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nezingcindezi, ezingabangela ukuwohloka kwezimpawu uma impahla kanye nomklamo kungafaneleki izimo ezinjalo.

• Ukumelana Nokushisa: Izinto ezisetshenziswa kuma-seal kumele zikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu okusebenza ngaphandle kokonakala noma ukulahlekelwa amandla azo okuvala.

• Ukumelana Nokucindezela: Izivalo zidinga ukusingatha ingcindezi ehilelekile ekumpompeni okujulile komthombo noma ukusebenza kokucindezela okukhulu kwama-reactor nama-compressor.

3. Ukuhambisana Kwezinto ezibonakalayo

Izinto ezisetshenziswa ezimpawu zemishini kufanele zihambisane noketshezi kanye nezimo zokusebenza. Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele zobuso bezimpawu, iziphethu, nezigxivizo zesibili kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo ende nokusebenza kwezimpawu.

• Metallic Materials: Izinto ezivamile zokuvala izinsimbi zihlanganisa insimbi engagqwali, ama-alloys, nezinto ezingavamile njenge-Hastelloy ne-Inconel, ezimelana nokugqwala namazinga okushisa adlulele.

• Izinto Ezingezona Zensimbi: Ama-elastomer, izitsha zobumba, kanye nekhabhoni kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezimpahleni eziwumshini ukuze kuphathwe uketshezi oluhlukene.

4. Uhlobo Lophawu Nokucushwa

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezigxivizo zemishini, ngayinye ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Izimpawu Ezizodwa: Ilungele ukuphatha ukucindezela okumaphakathi nezimo zokushisa, uphawu olulodwa luvame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokucindezela okuphansi.

• Ama-Double Seals: Isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni lapho ingozi yokuvuza iphezulu kakhulu, izigxivizo ezimbili zihlanganisa amasethi amabili obuso asebenza ngokuhambisana ukuze aqukathe ukuvuza koketshezi ngempumelelo. Izigxivizo eziphindwe kabili zibaluleke kakhulu ekuphatheni amakhemikhali ayingozi, aguquguqukayo, noma anobuthi.

Okuqanjwe kabusha ku-Mechanical Seal Technology

Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ubuchwepheshe be-mechanical seal buye bavela kakhulu, ngokuthuthuka kwezinto zokwakha, imiklamo, namasu okukhiqiza. Ezinye zezinto ezintsha eziqanjiwe zihlanganisa:

• I-Carbon Face Materials: Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zekhabhoni ezithuthukisiwe zezigxivizo zemishini kuthuthukise ukusebenza ekuphatheni amakhemikhali anolaka namazinga okushisa aphezulu.

• Ivala Ngezinzwa Ezihlanganisiwe: Izigxivizo zesimanje zivame ukufika zifakwe izinzwa eziqapha ukusebenza kophawu, zixwayisa opharetha ngezinkinga ezinjengokuvuza, ukuguga, noma ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa ngaphambi kokuba kube inhlekelele.

• Ama-Elastomers Asebenza Kakhulu: Ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe be-elastomer kuholele ezimpawini ezikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu, amakhemikhali, nezingcindezi.

Lezi zindlela ezintsha zenza izigxivizo zemishini zithembeke kakhulu futhi zisebenze kahle, okubuye kuthuthukise ukuphepha kanye nokusebenza komsebenzi kawoyela kanye ne-petrochemical.

Isiphetho

Izigxivizo zemishini ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile ezimbonini zikawoyela nezamakhemikhali e-petrochemical, lapho zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwemishini ephephile, ephumelelayo, kanye nebhekele imvelo. Ngokuvimbela ukuvuza, ukuvikela ekungcoleni, nokugcina ubuqotho besistimu ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu, lezi zimpawu zibalulekile empumelelweni yezinqubo zesimanje zezimboni. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuvela, izigxivizo zemishini ngokungangabazeki zizothuthuka nakakhulu, ziqinisekise ukwethembeka nokuphepha okukhulu ezimbonini ezibhekene nezinto ezibucayi nezivame ukuba yingozi.