Abstract

1. Isingeniso

2. Ukulungiselela Ukufaka Ngaphambili

2.1 Impahla kanye Nokuqinisekiswa Kwengxenye

• Ukuhlola Ukuhambisana Kwesivalo: Qinisekisa ukuthi uphawu olusetshenziswayo luhambisana noketshezi oluphathwayo (isb., izinga lokushisa, ukucindezela, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali), imodeli yesisetshenziswa, nosayizi weshaft. Bheka kumininingwane yedatha yomkhiqizi noma imanuwali yobuchwepheshe ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi idizayini yophawu (isb, impahla ye-elastomer, into yobuso) ifana nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza. Isibonelo, isivalo esihloselwe isevisi yamanzi singase singamelani namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali oketshezi olususelwa ku-petroleum.
• Ukuhlola Ingxenye: Hlola zonke izakhi zophawu (ubuso obungashintshi, ubuso obuphendukayo, iziphethu, ama-elastomer, ama-O-ring, ama-gasket, ne-hardware) ukuze uthole izimpawu zomonakalo, ukuguga, noma ukukhubazeka. Hlola ukuqhekeka, ama-chips, noma imihuzuko ebusweni bezimpawu—ngisho nokungapheleli okuncane kungabangela ukuvuza. Hlola ama-elastomers (isb., i-nitrile, i-Viton, i-EPDM) ukuze uthole ubulukhuni, ukuguquguquka, nezimpawu zokuguga (isb., ukuqina, ukuvuvukala), njengoba ama-elastomer owonakele engakwazi ukwenza uphawu olusebenzayo. Qinisekisa ukuthi iziphethu azinawo ukugqwala, ukuguga, noma ukukhathala, njengoba zigcina ingcindezi yokuxhumana edingekayo phakathi kobuso bophawu.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Shaft Nezindlu: Hlola umgodi wezinto zokusebenza (noma umkhono) kanye nezindlu ukuze uthole umonakalo ongase uthinte ukuhleleka kophawu noma izihlalo. Hlola i-shaft ukubona ukuccentricity, ovality, noma ukonakala kwendawo (isb, imihuzuko, imisele) endaweni lapho ingxenye yophawu oluzungezayo izofakwa khona. Ingaphezulu le-shaft kufanele libe nesiphetho esibushelelezi (imvamisa i-Ra 0.2-0.8 μm) ukuvimbela ukulimala kwe-elastomer nokuqinisekisa ukuvaleka okufanele. Hlola i-bore yezindlu ukuguga, ukungahambi kahle, noma imfucumfucu, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi isihlalo esinganyakazi sophawu (uma sihlanganiswe endlini) siyisicaba futhi asinawo umonakalo.
• Ukuqinisekiswa Kobukhulu: Sebenzisa amathuluzi okulinganisa anembayo (isb, ama-caliper, ama-micrometer, izinkomba zokudayela) ukuze uqinisekise ubukhulu obuyinhloko. Kala i-diameter ye-shaft ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ifana nobubanzi bangaphakathi bophawu, futhi uhlole ububanzi be-bore yezindlu ngokumelene nobubanzi obungaphandle bophawu. Qinisekisa ibanga phakathi kwehlombe le-shaft nobuso bendlu ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uphawu luzofakwa ekujuleni okulungile.

2.2 Ukulungiselela Ithuluzi

• Amathuluzi Okulinganisa Anembile: Ama-Calipers (idijithali noma i-vernier), ama-micrometer, izinkomba zokudayela (zokuhlola ukuqondanisa), namageji okujula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubukhulu nokuqondanisa.
• Amathuluzi e-torque: Ama-torque wrenches (enziwa ngesandla noma edijithali) alinganiswa ekucacisweni komkhiqizi ukuze kufakwe i-torque elungile kumabhawodi nezixhumi. I-torqueing engaphezulu ingalimaza ama-elastomer noma ibole izingxenye zophawu, kuyilapho ukudonsa kancane kancane kungaholela ekuxhumekeni okuxekethile nokuvuza.
• Amathuluzi Okufaka: Imikhono yokufaka isivalo (ukuvikela ama-elastomer kanye nokuvala ubuso ngesikhathi sokunyuswa), ama-shaft liners (ukuvikela ukuklwebheka ku-shaft), izando ezinobuso obuthambile (isb., irabha noma ithusi) ukuze uthinte izingxenye endaweni ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo.
• Amathuluzi Okuhlanza: Izindwangu ezingenantambo, amabhulashi angaxubeki, nezinyibilikisi zokuhlanza ezihambisanayo (isb., utshwala be-isopropyl, i-mineral spirits) ukuhlanza izingxenye kanye nempahla yokusebenza. Gwema ukusebenzisa izincibilikisi ezinokhahlo ezingehlisa isithunzi ama-elastomer.
• Izisetshenziswa Zokuphepha: Izibuko zokuphepha, amagilavu ​​(ayikwazi ukumelana namakhemikhali uma uphatha uketshezi oluyingozi), ukuvikela indlebe (uma usebenza ngento enomsindo omkhulu), nesivikelo sobuso (okwezinhlelo zokucindezela okukhulu).

2.3 Ukulungiselela Indawo Yokusebenzela

• Hlanza Okuzungezile: Susa udoti, uthuli, nokunye ukungcola endaweni yokusebenza. Mboza okokusebenza okuseduze ukuze uvimbele umonakalo noma ukungcola.
• Setha Ibhentshi Lokusebenzela: Sebenzisa ibhentshi lokusebenza elihlanzekile, eliyisicaba ukuze uhlanganise izingxenye zokuvala. Beka indwangu engena-lint noma umata werabha ebhentshini lokusebenzela ukuze uvikele ubuso bokuvala imihuzuko.
• Izingxenye Zelebula: Uma uphawu luhlakazwa (isb, ukuze luhlolwe), lebula ingxenye ngayinye ukuze uqinisekise ukuhlangana kabusha okufanele. Sebenzisa iziqukathi ezincane noma izikhwama ukugcina izingxenye ezincane (isb., iziphethu, ama-O-rings) futhi uvimbele ukulahlekelwa.
• Buyekeza Amadokhumenti: Yiba nebhukwana lokufaka lomkhiqizi, imidwebo yezisetshenziswa, kanye namashidi edatha yokuphepha (SDS) atholakala kalula. Zijwayeze nezinyathelo ezithile zemodeli yophawu olufakwayo, njengoba izinqubo zingahluka phakathi kwabakhiqizi.

3. Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Ukufakwa Kwezimpawu Zemishini

3.1 Inqubo Yokufaka Okujwayelekile (Izivalo Ezingezona I-Cartridge)

3.1.1 Ukulungiswa Kwezindlu kanye Nokwakhiwa Kwezindlu

1. Hlanza I-Shaft kanye Nezindlu: Sebenzisa indwangu engena-lint kanye ne-solvent ehambisanayo ukuze uhlanze i-shaft (noma umkhono) kanye nokubhoboza kwezindlu. Susa noma yiziphi izinsalela zezimpawu ezindala, ukugqwala, noma udoti. Ukuze uthole izinsalela ezinenkani, sebenzisa ibhulashi elingaqhumi—gwema ukusebenzisa i-sandpaper noma amabhulashi ocingo, njengoba angaklwebha indawo engaphezulu ye-shaft.
2. Hlola Umonakalo: Hlola kabusha i-shaft nezindlu ukuze uthole noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka okugejiwe ngesikhathi sokufakwa ngaphambilini. Uma i-shaft inemihuzuko emincane, sebenzisa i-sandpaper egayiwe (400-600 grit) ukuze upholishe indawo engaphezulu, usebenze ubheke lapho kuzungeziswa khona umphini. Ukuze uthole imihuzuko ejulile noma i-eccentricity, shintsha i-shaft noma faka umkhono we-shaft.
3. Gcoba I-Lubricant (Uma Kudingeka): Gcoba ungqimba oluncane lwento yokugcoba ehambisanayo (isb., uwoyela wamaminerali, i-silicone grease) endaweni ye-shaft kanye nebhore elingaphakathi lengxenye yophawu oluzungezayo. Lokhu kunciphisa ukungqubuzana ngesikhathi sokufakwa futhi kuvimbela umonakalo kuma-elastomer. Qinisekisa ukuthi okokugcoba kuyahambisana noketshezi oluphathwayo—ngokwesibonelo, gwema ukusebenzisa izithambisi ezisekelwe kuwoyela ezinoketshezi oluncibilika emanzini.

3.1.2 Ukufaka Uphiko Olumisiwe Lophawu

1. Lungiselela Isihlalo Sokunyakazisa: Hlola isihlalo esinganyakazi ukuthi sinomonakalo yini futhi usihlanze ngendwangu engenantambo. Uma isihlalo sine-O-ring noma i-gasket, sebenzisa ungqimba oluncane lwe-lubricant ku-O-ring ukuze kube lula ukufakwa.
2. Faka iIsihlalo SokumisaEzindlini: Faka ngokucophelela isihlalo esinganyakazi ebhoreni lezindlu, uqinisekise ukuthi siqondana kahle. Sebenzisa isando esinobuso obuthambile ukuze uchofoze isihlalo endaweni yakhe size sihlaliswe ngokugcwele ehlombe lendlu. Ungasebenzisi amandla amaningi, njengoba lokhu kungaqhekeza ubuso obumile.
3. Vikela Isihlalo Esimisiwe (Uma Sidingeka): Ezinye izihlalo ezimile zibanjwa ring, amabhawudi, noma ipuleti lendlala. Uma usebenzisa amabhawudi, sebenzisa itorque elungile (ngokwezicaciso zomkhiqizi) kuphethini ye-crisscross ukuze uqinisekise ingcindezi. Ungasebenzisi i-torque ngokweqile, njengoba lokhu kungakhubaza isihlalo noma kulimaze i-O-ring.

3.1.3 Ukufaka Ingxenye Yophawu Oluzungezayo

1. Hlanganisa Ingxenye Ejikelezayo: Uma ingxenye ejikelezayo ingahlanganiswanga kusengaphambili, namathisela ubuso obuphendukayo kumkhono we-shaft usebenzisa i-hardware enikeziwe (isb, izikulufo zokusetha, amantongomane wokukhiya). Qinisekisa ukuthi ubuso obuphendukayo buqondaniswe nesicaba kumkhono futhi buqiniswe ngokuvikelekile. Faka iziphethu (intwasahlobo eyodwa noma i-multi-spring) emkhonweni, uqinisekise ukuthi zimi ngendlela efanele (ngomdwebo womkhiqizi) ukuze ugcine ukucindezela okulinganayo ebusweni obuphendukayo.
2. Faka Ingxenye Ezungezisayo Ku-Shaft: Shelelezisa ingxenye ejikelezayo ku-shaft, uqinisekise ukuthi ubuso obuzungezayo buhambisana nobuso obumile. Sebenzisa umkhono wokufaka uphawu ukuze uvikele ama-elastomer (isb, ama-O-rings emkhonweni) kanye nobuso obuzungezayo ekuklwebheni ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Uma i-shaft inokhiye, qondanisa ukhiye kumkhono nokhiye we-shaft ukuze uqinisekise ukuzungezisa okufanele.
3. Vikela Ingxenye Ezungezisayo: Uma ingxenye ejikelezayo isisendaweni efanele (imvamisa ngokumelene nehlombe le-shaft noma indandatho yokuyibamba), ivikele usebenzisa izikulufu ezimisiwe noma inadi lokukhiya. Qinisa izikulufu zesethi ngephethini ye-crisscross, usebenzisa i-torque ecaciswe umenzi. Gwema ukuqinisa kakhulu, njengoba lokhu kungahlanekezela umkhono noma kulimaze ubuso obuphendukayo.

3.1.4 Ukufaka I-Gland Plate kanye Nokuhlola Kokugcina

1. Lungiselela I-Gland Plate: Hlola i-gland plate ukuze uthole umonakalo futhi uyihlanze kahle. Uma ipuleti ye-gland ine-O-rings noma ama-gaskets, yifake esikhundleni sayo esisha (ngokwezincomo zomkhiqizi) futhi usebenzise ungqimba oluncane lwe-lubricant ukuze uqinisekise uphawu olufanele.
2. Mount the Gland Plate: Beka i-gland plate phezu kwezingxenye zophawu, uqinisekise ukuthi ihambisana namabhawodi ezindlu. Faka amabhawodi futhi uwaqinise ngesandla ukuze ubambe ipuleti lendlala lisendaweni yalo.
3. Qondanisa I-Gland Plate: Sebenzisa inkomba yokudayela ukuze uhlole ukuqondana kwepuleti legland ne-shaft. Ukuphuma (i-eccentricity) kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-0.05 mm (0.002 amayintshi) endaweni ye-gland plate bore. Lungisa amabhawodi njengoba kudingeka ukuze ulungise ukungaqondani kahle.
4. I-Torque the Gland Plate Bolts: Usebenzisa isikrufu se-torque, qinisa amabhawudi epuleti legland ngephethini ye-crisscross ukuya ku-torque eshiwo ngumkhiqizi. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ngisho nokucindezela ebusweni bophawu futhi kuvimbela ukungahambi kahle. Phinda uhlole ukuphuma ngemva kokuzungeza ukuze uqinisekise ukuqondanisa.
5. Ukuhlola Okokugcina: Hlola ngokubuka zonke izingxenye ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zifakwe ngendlela efanele. Hlola izikhala phakathi kwepuleti legland nendlu, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ingxenye ezungezayo ihamba ngokukhululeka ne-shaft (akukho ukubopha noma ukungqubuzana).

3.2 Ukufakwa kwe-Cartridge Seals

3.2.1 Isheke Lokufaka Ngaphambi Kokufakwa kwe-I-Cartridge Seal

1. Hlola Iyunithi Ye-Cartridge: Khipha uphawu lwe-cartridge ephaketheni layo bese uhlola umonakalo ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa. Hlola ubuso be-seal ukuze uthole imihuzuko noma ama-chips, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi zonke izingxenye (iziphethu, ama-O-rings) aziguquki futhi zimi ngendlela efanele.
2. Qinisekisa Ukuhambisana: Qinisekisa ukuthi i-cartridge seal iyahambisana nosayizi weshafu yesisetshenziswa, ibhobo yezindlu, nemingcele yohlelo (izinga lokushisa, ukucindezela, uhlobo loketshezi) ngokubhekisela ngokuphambana kwenombolo yengxenye yomkhiqizi nezicaciso zemishini.
3. Hlanza I-Cartridge Seal: Sula uphawu lwe-cartridge ngendwangu engenayo i-lint ukuze ususe noma yikuphi uthuli noma imfucumfucu. Ungayiqaqi iyunithi ye-cartridge ngaphandle uma kucaciswe umkhiqizi-ukuqaqa kungaphazamisa ukuqondanisa okusethiwe kobuso bophawu.

3.2.2 Ukulungisa Umgodi Nezindlu

1. Hlanza Futhi Uhlole I-Shaft: Landela izinyathelo ezifanayo njengaseSigabeni 3.1.1 ukuze uhlanze umgodi futhi uhlole umonakalo. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-shaft surface ibushelelezi futhi ayinamihuzuko noma ukugqwala.
2. Faka I-Shaft Sleeve (Uma Kudingeka): Ezinye izimpawu ze-cartridge zidinga umkhono we-shaft ohlukile. Uma kusebenza, slayida umkhono ku-shaft, uqondanise nokhiye (uma ukhona), futhi uwuvikele ngezikulufu ezibekiwe noma inathi lokukhiya. Qinisa ihadiwe ekucacisweni kwetorque yomkhiqizi.
3. Hlanza i-Housing Bore: Hlanza indlu ukuze ususe noma iyiphi insalela yezimpawu ezindala noma udoti. Hlola ibhore ukuthi ayigugile noma ayilungile yini—uma isibhobo silimele, lungisa noma shintsha indlu ngaphambi kokuthi uqhubeke.

3.2.3 Ukufaka I-Cartridge Seal

1. Beka uphawu lwe-Cartridge: Qondanisa uphawu lwe-cartridge ne-bore yezindlu kanye ne-shaft. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-flange ye-cartridge ihambisana nezimbobo zebholithi yezindlu.
2. Shelelezisa I-Cartridge Seal endaweni: Shelelezisa ngokucophelela uphawu lwe-cartridge ku-bore yezindlu, uqinisekise ukuthi ingxenye ejikelezayo (enamathiselwe ku-shaft) ihamba ngokukhululeka. Uma i-cartridge inomshini obeka maphakathi nendawo (isb, iphinikhodi noma i-bushing), qinisekisa ukuthi isebenzisana nendlu ukuze ugcine ukuhleleka.
3. Vikela i-Cartridge Flange: Faka ama-bolts okufaka phakathi kwe-cartridge flange nasezindlini. Qinisa amabhawodi ngesandla ukuze ubambe i-cartridge endaweni yayo.
4. Qondanisa i-Cartridge Seal: Sebenzisa inkomba yokudayela ukuze uhlole ukuqondana kwe-cartridge seal ne-shaft. Linganisa ukuphuma kungxenye ejikelezayo—ukuphela kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-0.05 mm (0.002 amayintshi). Lungisa amabhawodi akhwezayo uma kunesidingo ukuze ulungise ukungaqondani kahle.
5. Torque the Mounting Bolts: Qinisa amabhawudi akhwezayo ngephethini ye-crisscross kuthoshi eshiwo ngumkhiqizi. Lokhu kuvikela i-cartridge endaweni futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuso bophawu buqondaniswe kahle.
6. Khipha Izinsiza Zokufaka: Izigxivizo eziningi ze-cartridge zihlanganisa izinsiza zokufaka zesikhashana (isb, izikhonkwane zokukhiya, izembozo zokuzivikela) ukuze ubambe ubuso obuvaliwe ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa nokufakwa. Susa lezi zinsiza kuphela ngemva kokuba i-cartridge ivikeleke ngokugcwele endlini-ukuyisusa kusenesikhathi kungase kungahambi kahle ubuso be-seal.

3.3 Ukuhlolwa Kwangemva Kokufakwa Nokuqinisekisa

3.3.1 Ukuhlola Ukuvuza Okumile

1. I-Pressurize the Equipment: Gcwalisa okokusebenza ngoketshezi lwenqubo (noma uketshezi lokuhlola oluhambisanayo, njengamanzi) bese ulucindezela kungcindezi evamile yokusebenza. Uma usebenzisa uketshezi lokuhlola, qiniseka ukuthi luhambisana nezinto zokuvala uphawu.
2. Gada Ukuvuza: Hlola ngokubona indawo yophawu ukuze uthole ukuvuza. Hlola ukuxhumana phakathi kwepuleti legland nendlu, i-shaft nengxenye ejikelezayo, kanye nobuso bophawu. Sebenzisa ucezu lwephepha elimuncayo ukuze uhlole ukuvuza okuncane okungenzeka kungabonakali ngeso lenyama.
3. Linganisa Izinga Lokuvuza: Izinga lokuvuza elamukelekayo lincike kuhlelo lokusebenza namazinga emboni. Ezinhlelweni eziningi zezimboni, izinga lokuvuza elingaphansi kwamaconsi angu-5 ngomzuzu liyamukeleka. Uma izinga lokuvuza lidlula umkhawulo owamukelekayo, vala okokusebenza, ucindezele, futhi uhlole uphawu ukuze uthole ukungahambi kahle, izingxenye ezilimele, noma ukufakwa okungafanele.

3.3.2 Ukuhlolwa kokuvuza kwe-Dynamic

1. Qala Imishini: Qala okokusebenza futhi uyivumele ifinyelele isivinini esivamile sokusebenza nezinga lokushisa. Gada okokusebenza ngomsindo ongavamile noma ukudlidliza, okungase kubonise ukungahambi kahle noma ukubopha uphawu.
2. Gada Ukuvuza: Hlola ngokubona indawo yophawu ukuthi ayivuzi yini ngesikhathi isisetshenziswa sisebenza. Hlola ubuso be-seal ukushisa okwedlulele-ukushisa ngokweqile kungabonisa ukugcotshwa okwanele noma ukungahambi kahle kobuso bophawu.
3. Hlola Ingcindezi Nezinga Lokushisa: Gada ingcindezi yenqubo kanye nezinga lokushisa ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ahlala ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yokusebenza yophawu. Uma ingcindezi noma izinga lokushisa lidlula ibanga elishiwo, vala isisetshenziswa bese ulungisa imingcele yenqubo ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokuhlola.
4. Qalisa Okokusebenza Kwesikhathi Sokuhlola: Sebenzisa okokusebenza ngesikhathi sokuhlola (imvamisa imizuzu engama-30 ukuya emahoreni ama-2) ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uphawu luyazinza. Ngalesi sikhathi, hlola ngezikhathi ezithile ukuvuza, umsindo, nezinga lokushisa. Uma kungekho kuvuza okutholwayo futhi okokusebenza kusebenza kahle, ukufakwa kophawu kuba yimpumelelo.

3.3.3 Ukulungiswa Kokugcina (Uma Kudingeka)

• Hlola i-Torque: Qinisekisa ukuthi wonke amabhawodi (i-gland plate, ingxenye ejikelezayo, isihlalo esimile) aqiniswe ekucacisweni komkhiqizi. Amabhawodi axegayo angabangela ukungahambi kahle nokuvuza.
• Hlola Ukuqondanisa: Hlola kabusha ukuqondanisa kobuso bophawu nepuleti lendlala usebenzisa inkomba yokudayela. Lungisa noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle ngokulungisa amabhawodi.
• Hlola ubuso be-Seal: Uma ukuvuza kuqhubeka, vala izisetshenziswa, zicindezele, bese ususa uphawu ukuze uhlole ubuso. Uma ubuso bonakele (buklwetshiwe, buchotshoziwe), bubuyisele obusha.
• Hlola ama-Elastomers: Hlola ama-O-rings nama-gaskets ngomonakalo noma ukungahambi kahle.