Ukucatshangelwa Kokukhethwa Kwezimpawu - Ukufaka Izimpawu Zomshini Wokucindezela Okumbili Okuphezulu

Amalungiselelo 3 seals mechanical kukhonaizimpawu ezimbililapho imbobo yoketshezi evimbela phakathi kwezimpawu igcinwa ingcindezi enkulu kunokucindezela kwegumbi lophawu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imboni iye yasungula amasu amaningana okudala indawo enengcindezi ephezulu edingekayo kulezi zimpawu. Lawa masu atholakala ezinhlelweni zamapayipi omshini wophawu. Nakuba eziningi zalezi zinhlelo zenza imisebenzi efanayo, izici zokusebenza zazo ngalunye zingahluka kakhulu futhi zizoba nomthelela kuzo zonke izici zesistimu yokuvala.

I-Piping Plan 53B, njengoba ichazwa i-API 682, iwuhlelo lwamapayipi olucindezela uketshezi oluvimbelayo nge-accumulator esinyeni esishajwa yi-nitrogen. Isinye esinomfutho sisebenza ngqo oketshezini oluvimbelayo, lucindezela lonke uhlelo lokuvala. Isinye sivimbela ukuthintana okuqondile phakathi kwegesi ye-pressurization kanye noketshezi oluvimbelayo luqeda ukumuncwa kwegesi oketshezini. Lokhu kuvumela i-Piping Plan 53B ukuthi isetshenziswe ezinhlelweni zokucindezela okuphezulu kune-Piping Plan 53A. Imvelo yokuzimela ye-accumulator iphinde iqede isidingo sokuhlinzekwa kwe-nitrogen njalo, okwenza uhlelo lulungele ukufakwa okukude.

Izinzuzo ze-accumulator yesinye, nokho, zixazululwa ezinye zezici zokusebenza zesistimu. Umfutho we-Piping Plan 53B unqunywa ngokuqondile ukucindezela kwegesi esinyeni. Lokhu kucindezela kungashintsha kakhulu ngenxa yezinguquko eziningana.

Isinye esiku-accumulator kufanele sishajwe ngaphambili ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe uketshezi oluvimbelayo ohlelweni. Lokhu kudala isisekelo sazo zonke izibalo zesikhathi esizayo kanye nezincazelo zokusebenza kwamasistimu. Ingcindezi yangempela yangaphambi kokushajwa incike engcindezini yokusebenza yesistimu kanye nevolumu yokuphepha yoketshezi oluvimbelayo kuma-accumulators. Ingcindezi yangaphambi kokushaja nayo incike ekushiseni kwegesi esinyeni. Qaphela: ingcindezi yokushajwa kwangaphambili isethwa kuphela ekusetshenzisweni kokuqala kwesistimu futhi ngeke ilungiswe phakathi nokusebenza kwangempela.

Umfutho wegesi esinyeni uzohluka kuye ngezinga lokushisa legesi. Ezimweni eziningi, izinga lokushisa legesi lizolandelela izinga lokushisa le-ambient endaweni yokufaka. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifundeni lapho kukhona izinguquko ezinkulu zansuku zonke nezesizini kumazinga okushisa zizobhekana nokushintshashintsha okukhulu kungcindezi yesistimu.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwe-Barrier FluidNgesikhathi sokusebenza, izigxivizo zemishini zizosebenzisa uketshezi oluvimbelayo ngokuvuza kwezimpawu ezijwayelekile. Lolu ketshezi oluvimbelayo lugcwaliswa uketshezi oluku-accumulator, okuholela ekwandeni kwegesi esinyeni kanye nokuncipha komfutho wesistimu. Lezi zinguquko ziwumsebenzi wosayizi we-accumulator, amanani okuvuza kwe-seal, kanye nesikhawu sokunakekela esifiselekayo sesistimu (isb, izinsuku ezingama-28).

Ushintsho kungcindezi yesistimu kuyindlela eyinhloko umsebenzisi wokugcina alandelela ngayo ukusebenza kwezimpawu. Ingcindezi iphinde isetshenziselwe ukwakha ama-alamu okunakekela kanye nokubona ukwehluleka kwezigxivizo. Nokho, izingcindezi zizolokhu zishintsha ngesikhathi uhlelo lusebenza. Umsebenzisi kufanele azibeke kanjani izingcindezi ohlelweni lwe-Plan 53B? Kunini lapho kudingekile ukwengeza uketshezi lwe-barrier? Lungakanani uketshezi okufanele lwengezwe?

Isethi yokuqala eshicilelwe kabanzi yezibalo zobunjiniyela zezinhlelo ze-Plan 53B ivele ku-API 682 Uhlelo Lwesine. Isijobelelo F sinikeza imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokuthi unganquma kanjani izingcindezi namavolumu alolu hlelo lwamapayipi. Enye yezidingo ezisebenziseka kakhulu ze-API 682 wukwakhiwa kwe-nameplate evamile yama-accumulators esinyeni (API 682 Uhlelo Lwesine, Ithebula 10). Le nameplate iqukethe ithebula elithwebula ukushajwa kwangaphambilini, ukugcwaliswa kabusha, nezingcindezi ze-alamu zesistimu phezu kobubanzi bezimo zokushisa ezizungezile endaweni yohlelo lokusebenza. Qaphela: ithebula elisezingeni liyisibonelo nje nokuthi amanani angempela azoshintsha kakhulu uma esetshenziswa kuhlelo lokusebenza lwenkambu ethile.

Okunye okucatshangelwayo okuyisisekelo koMdwebo 2 ukuthi i-Piping Plan 53B kulindeleke ukuthi isebenze ngokuqhubekayo futhi ngaphandle kokushintsha ukucindezela kokuqala kokushajwa kwangaphambili. Kuphinde kucatshangwe ukuthi isistimu ingase ivezwe kulo lonke izinga lokushisa le-ambient ngesikhathi esifushane. Lokhu kunemithelela ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwesistimu futhi kudinga ukuthi isistimu isetshenziswe ngengcindezi enkulu kunezinye izinhlelo zamapayipi ophawu olukabili.

Kusetshenziswa Umfanekiso 2 njengereferensi, uhlelo lokusebenza lwesibonelo lufakwa endaweni lapho izinga lokushisa le-ambient liphakathi kuka -17°C (1°F) no-70°C (158°F). Ingxenye engaphezulu yalolu bubanzi ibonakala iphezulu ngokungenangqondo, kodwa futhi ihlanganisa imiphumela yokushisisa ngelanga kwe-accumulator echayeka elangeni eliqondile. Imigqa esethebula imelela izikhawu zokushisa phakathi kwamanani aphezulu naphansi.

Uma umsebenzisi wokugcina esebenzisa isistimu, bazongeza ukucindezela koketshezi oluvinjiwe kuze kube yilapho ukucindezela kokugcwalisa kufinyelelwa kuzinga lokushisa lamanje le-ambient. Ukucindezela kwe-alamu ukucindezela okubonisa ukuthi umsebenzisi wokugcina udinga ukungeza uketshezi oluthe xaxa lokuvimbela. Ku-25°C (77°F), u-opharetha uzoshaja kusengaphambili i-accumulator kubha engu-30.3 (440 PSIG), i-alamu izosethelwa ibha engu-30.7 (445 PSIG), futhi opharetha angangeza uketshezi oluvimbelayo kuze kufike ukucindezela. 37.9 ibha (550 PSIG). Uma izinga lokushisa le-ambient lehla laya ku-0°C (32°F), khona-ke ukucindezela kwe-alamu kuzokwehla kuye kubha engu-28.1 (408 PSIG) kanye nengcindezi yokugcwalisa kabusha ibe ngu-34.7 bar (504 PSIG).

Kulesi simo, i-alamu kanye nezingcindezi zokugcwalisa kabusha zombili ziyashintsha, noma ziyantanta, ngokusabela kumazinga okushisa e-ambient. Le ndlela ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isu elintantayo. Kokubili i-alamu nokugcwalisa kabusha okuthi “float.” Lokhu kubangela ingcindezi ephansi yokusebenza kohlelo lokuvala. Lokhu, nokho, kubeka izimfuneko ezimbili eziqondile kumsebenzisi wokugcina; ukucacisa ingcindezi efanele ye-alamu kanye nokucindezela kokugcwalisa kabusha. Ukucindezela kwe-alamu yesistimu kuwumsebenzi wezinga lokushisa futhi lobu budlelwano kufanele buhlelwe kusistimu ye-DCS yomsebenzisi wokugcina. Ingcindezi yokugcwalisa izoncika futhi kuzinga lokushisa le-ambient, ngakho-ke opharetha uzodinga ukubhekisela ku-nameplate ukuze athole ukucindezela okulungile kwezimo zamanje.

Abanye abasebenzisi bokugcina bafuna indlela elula futhi bafise isu lapho kokubili ukucindezela kwe-alamu nezingcindezi zokugcwalisa zingaguquki (noma zilungisiwe) futhi zizimele kumazinga okushisa azungezile. Isu eligxilile linikeza umsebenzisi wokugcina ingcindezi eyodwa kuphela yokugcwalisa kabusha isistimu kanye nenani lokuthusa uhlelo kuphela. Ngeshwa, lesi simo kufanele sicabange ukuthi izinga lokushisa likuvelu ephezulu, njengoba izibalo zinxephezela ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa elisuka kwephezulu kuya kwezincane. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi uhlelo lusebenze ngengcindezi ephezulu. Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukusebenzisa isu eligxilile kungase kubangele izinguquko ekwakhiweni kophawu noma izilinganiso ze-MAWP kwezinye izingxenye zesistimu zokusingatha izingcindezi eziphakeme.

Abanye abasebenzisi bokugcina bazosebenzisa indlela exubile enokucindezela kwe-alamu okugxilile kanye nokucindezela okuntantayo kokugcwalisa kabusha. Lokhu kunganciphisa ukucindezela kokusebenza ngenkathi kwenza izilungiselelo ze-alamu zibe lula. Isinqumo sesu elilungile le-alamu kufanele senziwe kuphela ngemva kokucabangela isimo sohlelo lokusebenza, izinga lokushisa elizungezile, kanye nezidingo zomsebenzisi wokugcina.

Kukhona ezinye izinguquko ekwakhiweni kwe-Piping Plan 53B ezingasiza ekwehliseni ezinye zalezi zinselele. Ukushisa okuvela emisebeni yelanga kungakhuphula kakhulu izinga lokushisa eliphezulu le-accumulator yezibalo zokuklama. Ukubeka i-accumulator emthunzini noma ukwakha isihlangu selanga se-accumulator kungaqeda ukushisa kwelanga futhi kunciphise izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ekubaleni.

Ezincazelweni ezingenhla, igama lokushisa le-ambient lisetshenziselwa ukumela izinga lokushisa legesi esinyeni. Ngaphansi kwezimo eziqinile noma ezishintsha kancane kancane izinga lokushisa le-ambient, lokhu ukucabangela okunengqondo. Uma kukhona ukushintshashintsha okukhulu kwezimo zokushisa ezizungezile phakathi kwemini nobusuku, ukuvinjelwa kwe-accumulator kungalinganisa ukuguquka okusebenzayo kwezinga lokushisa kwesinye okuholela ekushiseni okuzinzile kokusebenza.

Le ndlela inganwetshwa ekusebenziseni ukulandelela ukushisa kanye nokufakwa kwe-accumulator. Uma lokhu kusetshenziswa kahle, i-accumulator izosebenza kuzinga lokushisa elilodwa kungakhathaliseki izinguquko zansuku zonke noma zesizini kuzinga lokushisa le-ambient. Lena mhlawumbe inketho ebaluleke kakhulu yokuklama eyodwa okufanele icatshangelwe ezindaweni ezinokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa. Le ndlela inesisekelo esikhulu esifakiwe ensimini futhi ivumele i-Plan 53B ukuthi isetshenziswe ezindaweni ebezingeke zenzeke ngokulandela ukushisa.

Abasebenzisi bokugcina abacabanga ukusebenzisa i-Piping Plan 53B kufanele baqaphele ukuthi lolu hlelo lwamapayipi alulona nje Uhlelo Lwepayipi 53A eline-accumulator. Cishe zonke izici zokwakheka kwesistimu, ukugunyazwa, ukusebenza, nokugcinwa koHlelo 53B kuhlukile kulolu hlelo lwamapayipi. Iningi lokukhungatheka abasebenzisi bokugcina abahlangabezane nalo livela ngenxa yokungaqondi kahle uhlelo. I-Seal OEMs ingalungiselela ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kohlelo lokusebenza oluthile futhi inganikeza ingemuva elidingekayo ukuze kusizwe umsebenzisi wokugcina acacise kahle futhi asebenzise lolu hlelo.