Q: Sizofaka i-high pressure dualizimpawu zomshinifuthi nicabanga ukusebenzisa uhlelo 53B? Yiziphi izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe? Yimiphi umehluko phakathi kwamasu okuxwayisa?
Ukuhlelwa kwezimpawu ezintathu zomshiniizimpawu ezimbililapho umgodi woketshezi oluvimbelayo phakathi kwezivalo ugcinwa khona ngengcindezi enkulu kunengcindezi yegumbi lezivalo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imboni ithuthukise amasu amaningana okudala indawo enomfutho ophezulu edingekayo kulezi zivalo. Lawa masu aqoshwe ezinhlelweni zokufaka amapayipi zesivalo somshini. Nakuba eziningi zalezi zinhlelo zisebenza imisebenzi efanayo, izici zokusebenza zalo ngalinye zingahluka kakhulu futhi zizothinta zonke izici zesistimu yokuvala.
Uhlelo Lokuphayipha 53B, njengoba luchazwe yi-API 682, uhlelo lokuphayipha olucindezela uketshezi oluvimbelayo nge-nitrogen charged bladder accumulator. I-bladder ecindezelwe isebenza ngqo kuketshezi oluvimbelayo, icindezela lonke uhlelo lokuvala. I-bladder ivimbela ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwegesi yokucindezela kanye noketshezi oluvimbelayo okususa ukumuncwa kwegesi oketshezini. Lokhu kuvumela uhlelo lokuphayipha 53B ukuthi lusetshenziswe ekusetshenzisweni kokucindezela okuphezulu kune-Piping Plan 53A. Isimo esizimele se-accumulator sisusa nesidingo sokunikezwa kwe-nitrogen njalo, okwenza uhlelo lube luhle kakhulu ekufakweni okukude.
Nokho, izinzuzo ze-bladder accumulator zincishiswa ezinye zezici zokusebenza kohlelo. Ukucindezela kwe-A Piping Plan 53B kunqunywa ngqo ukucindezela kwegesi esinyeni. Lokhu kucindezela kungashintsha kakhulu ngenxa yezinguquko eziningana.
Shaja kusengaphambili
Isinye esiku-accumulator kumele sishajwe kusengaphambili ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe uketshezi oluvimbelayo ohlelweni. Lokhu kudala isisekelo sazo zonke izibalo zesikhathi esizayo kanye nokuchazwa kokusebenza kwezinhlelo. Ingcindezi yangempela yokushaja kusengaphambili incike ekucindezelweni kokusebenza kwesistimu kanye nomthamo wokuphepha woketshezi oluvimbelayo kuma-accumulators. Ingcindezi yokushaja kusengaphambili incike ekushiseni kwegesi esinyini. Qaphela: ingcindezi yokushaja kusengaphambili isethwa kuphela ekuqaleni kokusebenza kwesistimu futhi ngeke ilungiswe ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwangempela.
Izinga lokushisa
Ingcindezi yegesi esinyeni izohluka kuye ngokushisa kwegesi. Ezimweni eziningi, izinga lokushisa legesi lizolandela izinga lokushisa elizungezile endaweni yokufaka. Ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho kunezinguquko ezinkulu zansuku zonke nezesizini emazingeni okushisa kuzobhekana nokushintshashintsha okukhulu kwengcindezi yesistimu.
Ukusetshenziswa Koketshezi OluvimbelayoNgesikhathi sokusebenza, izivalo zomshini zizodla uketshezi oluvimbelayo ngokuvuza okuvamile kwesivalo. Lolu ketshezi oluvimbelayo lugcwaliswa uketshezi oluku-accumulator, okuholela ekwandeni kwegesi esinyeni kanye nokwehla kwengcindezi yesistimu. Lezi zinguquko ziwumsebenzi wobukhulu be-accumulator, amazinga okuvuza kwesivalo, kanye nesikhathi sokugcinwa esifiselekayo sohlelo (isb., izinsuku ezingu-28).
Ushintsho ekucindezelweni kwesistimu yindlela eyinhloko umsebenzisi wokugcina alandelela ngayo ukusebenza kwesivalo. Ukucindezela kusetshenziselwa nokudala ama-alamu okulungisa nokuthola ukwehluleka kwesivalo. Kodwa-ke, ukucindezela kuzohlala kushintsha ngenkathi uhlelo lusebenza. Umsebenzisi kufanele azisethe kanjani izingcindezi ohlelweni lwe-Plan 53B? Kunini lapho kudingeka khona ukwengeza uketshezi oluvimbelayo? Kufanele kwengezwe uketshezi olungakanani?
Isethi yokuqala eshicilelwe kabanzi yokubala kobunjiniyela bezinhlelo ze-Plan 53B ivele ku-API 682 Uhlelo Lwesine. I-Annex F inikeza imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokuthi unganquma kanjani ukucindezela kanye nomthamo walolu hlelo lokufaka amapayipi. Enye yezidingo eziwusizo kakhulu ze-API 682 ukudalwa kwe-nameplate ejwayelekile yama-bladder accumulators (API 682 Uhlelo Lwesine, Ithebula 10). Leli plate le-nameplate liqukethe ithebula elibamba ukucindezela kwangaphambi kokushaja, ukugcwalisa kabusha, kanye ne-alamu kohlelo phezu kwezimo zokushisa ezizungezile endaweni yokufaka isicelo. Qaphela: ithebula elisezingeni liyisibonelo nje nokuthi amanani angempela azoshintsha kakhulu uma esetshenziswa kuhlelo lokusebenza oluthile lwensimu.
Esinye sezicabango eziyisisekelo zeSithombe 2 ukuthi i-Piping Plan 53B kulindeleke ukuthi isebenze ngokuqhubekayo futhi ngaphandle kokushintsha ingcindezi yokuqala yokushaja. Kukhona futhi nokucatshangwa kokuthi uhlelo lungase luvezwe ebangeni lonke lokushisa elizungezile esikhathini esifushane. Lokhu kunemiphumela ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwesistimu futhi kudinga ukuthi uhlelo lusebenze ngengcindezi enkulu kunezinye izinhlelo zamapayipi amabili okuvala.
Kusetshenziswa uMfanekiso 2 njengereferensi, uhlelo lokusebenza lwesibonelo lufakwe endaweni lapho izinga lokushisa elizungezile liphakathi kuka--17°C (1°F) no-70°C (158°F). Ingxenye ephezulu yalolu hlu ibonakala iphakeme ngendlela engenangqondo, kodwa futhi ihlanganisa nemiphumela yokushisa kwelanga kwe-accumulator evezwe elangeni eliqondile. Imigqa etafuleni imelela izikhawu zokushisa phakathi kwamanani aphezulu naphansi.
Uma umsebenzisi wokugcina esebenzisa uhlelo, uzofaka ingcindezi yoketshezi oluvimbayo kuze kube yilapho ingcindezi yokugcwalisa kabusha ifinyelelwa ekushiseni okumaphakathi kwamanje. Ingcindezi ye-alamu ingcindezi ebonisa ukuthi umsebenzisi wokugcina udinga ukwengeza uketshezi oluvimbayo olwengeziwe. Ku-25°C (77°F), umqhubi uzoshaja i-accumulator kusengaphambili ku-30.3 bar (440 PSIG), i-alamu izosethwa ku-30.7 bar (445 PSIG), kanti umqhubi uzofaka uketshezi oluvimbayo kuze kube yilapho ingcindezi ifinyelela ku-37.9 bar (550 PSIG). Uma izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi lehla laya ku-0°C (32°F), khona-ke ingcindezi ye-alamu izokwehla iye ku-28.1 bar (408 PSIG) kanye nengcindezi yokugcwalisa kabusha iye ku-34.7 bar (504 PSIG).
Kulesi simo, ingcindezi ye-alamu kanye nokugcwalisa kabusha iyashintsha, noma iyantanta, ngenxa yokushisa okuzungezile. Le ndlela ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isu lokuntanta elintantayo. Kokubili i-alamu kanye nokugcwalisa kabusha "kuyantanta." Lokhu kuphumela ekucindezelweni okuphansi kakhulu kokusebenza kohlelo lokuvala. Nokho, lokhu kubeka izidingo ezimbili ezithile kumsebenzisi wokugcina; ukunquma ingcindezi efanele ye-alamu kanye nokucindezela kokugcwalisa kabusha. Ingcindezi ye-alamu yohlelo iwumsebenzi wokushisa futhi lobu budlelwano kumele buhlelwe ohlelweni lwe-DCS lomsebenzisi wokugcina. Ingcindezi yokugcwalisa kabusha izoncika ekushiseni okuzungezile, ngakho-ke umqhubi kuzodingeka abhekisele ku-nameplate ukuze athole ingcindezi efanele yezimo zamanje.
Ukwenza Inqubo Ibe Lula
Abanye abasebenzisi bokugcina bafuna indlela elula futhi bafisa isu lapho kokubili ingcindezi ye-alamu kanye nengcindezi yokugcwalisa kabusha kuhlale njalo (noma kungaguquki) futhi kungancikile emazingeni okushisa azungezile. Isu elingaguquki linikeza umsebenzisi wokugcina ingcindezi eyodwa kuphela yokugcwalisa uhlelo kanye nenani elilodwa kuphela lokwethusa uhlelo. Ngeshwa, lesi simo kumele sicabange ukuthi izinga lokushisa lisezingeni eliphezulu, njengoba izibalo zikhokhela ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa elizungezile kusukela ezingeni eliphezulu kuya ezingeni eliphansi lokushisa. Lokhu kuholela ekutheni uhlelo lusebenze ngezingcindezi eziphakeme. Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukusebenzisa isu elingaguquki kungabangela izinguquko ekwakhiweni kwesivalo noma izilinganiso ze-MAWP zezinye izingxenye zesistimu ukuze zibhekane nezingcindezi eziphakeme.
Abanye abasebenzisi bokugcina bazosebenzisa indlela ehlanganisiwe enomfutho we-alamu oqinile kanye nomfutho wokugcwalisa kabusha ontantayo. Lokhu kunganciphisa ingcindezi yokusebenza ngenkathi kwenza kube lula izilungiselelo ze-alamu. Isinqumo sesu elifanele le-alamu kufanele senziwe kuphela ngemva kokucabangela isimo sesicelo, izinga lokushisa elizungezile, kanye nezidingo zomsebenzisi wokugcina.
Ukususa Izithiyo Zemigwaqo
Kunezinguquko ezithile ekwakhiweni kwe-Piping Plan 53B ezingasiza ekunciphiseni ezinye zalezi zinselele. Ukushisa okuvela emisebeni yelanga kungakhuphula kakhulu izinga lokushisa eliphezulu le-accumulator ukuze kubalwe umklamo. Ukubeka i-accumulator emthunzini noma ukwakha isivikelo selanga se-accumulator kungaqeda ukushisa kwelanga futhi kunciphise izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ekubalweni.
Ezincazelweni ezingenhla, igama elithi izinga lokushisa elizungezile lisetshenziselwa ukumelela izinga lokushisa legesi esinyeni. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziguquguqukayo noma ezishintsha kancane kancane, lokhu kunengqondo. Uma kukhona ukushintshashintsha okukhulu kwezimo zokushisa ezizungezile phakathi kwemini nobusuku, ukuvikela i-accumulator kunganciphisa ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa eliphumelelayo lesinye okuholela ekushiseni okuzinzile kokusebenza.
Le ndlela inganwetshwa ekusebenziseni ukulandelela ukushisa kanye nokushisa ku-accumulator. Uma lokhu kusetshenziswa kahle, i-accumulator izosebenza ekushiseni okukodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinguquko zansuku zonke noma zesizini ekushiseni okuzungezile zingakanani. Mhlawumbe lena inketho eyodwa ebaluleke kakhulu yokuklama okufanele icatshangelwe ezindaweni ezinokushintshashintsha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa. Le ndlela inesisekelo esikhulu esifakiwe ensimini futhi ivumele i-Plan 53B ukuthi isetshenziswe ezindaweni ebezingeke zenzeke ngokulandelela ukushisa.
Abasebenzisi bokugcina abacabanga ukusebenzisa i-Piping Plan 53B kufanele baqaphele ukuthi lolu hlelo lokufaka amapayipi aluyona nje i-Piping Plan 53A ene-accumulator. Cishe zonke izici zokuklama uhlelo, ukugunyazwa, ukusebenza, kanye nokugcinwa kwe-Plan 53B zihlukile kulolu hlelo lokufaka amapayipi. Iningi lokukhungatheka abasebenzisi bokugcina ababhekane nakho livela ekungaqondini uhlelo. Ama-Seal OEM angalungiselela ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwesicelo esithile futhi anganikeza isizinda esidingekayo ukusiza umsebenzisi wokugcina ukuthi acacise futhi asebenzise lolu hlelo kahle.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-01-2023