Ukukhetha impahla yophawu lwakho kubalulekile njengoba izobamba iqhaza ekunqumeni ikhwalithi, ubude besikhathi kanye nokusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza, kanye nokunciphisa izinkinga esikhathini esizayo. Lapha, sibheka ukuthi imvelo izoba nomthelela kanjani ekukhethweni kwempahla ye-seal, kanye nezinye zezinto ezivame kakhulu nokuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanele kakhulu kuzo.
Izici zemvelo
Indawo okuzovezwa kuyo uphawu ibalulekile lapho kukhethwa umklamo nezinto ezibonakalayo. Kunenombolo yezindawo ezibalulekile ezidingwa izinto zokuvala uphawu kuzo zonke izindawo, okuhlanganisa ukudala ubuso be-seal obuzinzile, obukwazi ukuphatha ukushisa, ukumelana namakhemikhali, nokumelana nokugqokwa okuhle.
Kwezinye izindawo, lezi zakhiwo zizodinga ukuthi zibe namandla kunezinye. Ezinye izinto ezibonakalayo okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kucatshangelwa imvelo zihlanganisa ubulukhuni, ukuqina, ukunwetshwa kokushisa, ukugqoka kanye nokumelana namakhemikhali. Ukukhumbula lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi uthole impahla efanelekile yophawu lwakho.
Imvelo ingaphinda inqume ukuthi izindleko noma ikhwalithi yophawu lungabekwa eqhulwini. Ezindaweni ezilimazayo nezinokhahlo, izimpawu zingabiza kakhulu ngenxa yezinto ezidinga ukuqina ngokwanele ukumelana nalezi zimo.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukusebenzisa imali ukuthola uphawu lwekhwalithi ephezulu kuzozibuyisela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba kuzosiza ukuvimbela ukuvala shaqa okubizayo, ukulungiswa, nokulungiswa kabusha noma ukushintshwa kwesigxivizo esizophumela kuso uphawu lwekhwalithi ephansi. Kodwa-ke, ekumpompeni izinhlelo zokusebenza nge uketshezi oluhlanzeke kakhulu olunezinto zokugcoba, uphawu olushibhile lungathengwa ukuze luvune amabheringi aphezulu.
Izinto ezivamile zokufaka uphawu
Ikhabhoni
Ikhabhoni esetshenziswa ebusweni be-seal iyingxube ye-amorphous carbon kanye ne-graphite, namaphesenti ayo ngayinye enquma izici ezibonakalayo ebangeni lokugcina lekhabhoni. Kuyinto engasebenzi, ezinzile engazithambisa yona.
Isetshenziswa kabanzi njengomunye wepheya yobuso bokuphela ezimpawini zemishini, futhi iphinde ibe yinto ethandwayo yezigxivizo eziyisiyingi eziyisiyingi namasongo e-piston ngaphansi kwenani elomile noma elincane lokuthambisa. Le ngxube ye-carbon/graphite ingaphinda ifakwe nezinye izinto ukuze inikeze izici ezihlukile ezifana nokuncishiswa kwe-porosity, ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kokugqoka noma amandla athuthukisiwe.
I-thermoset resin impregnated carbon seal iyona ejwayeleke kakhulu ezimpawini zemishini, inamakhabhoni amaningi afakwe inhlaka akwazi ukusebenza ezinhlobonhlobo zamakhemikhali ukusuka kuzisekelo eziqinile kuye kuma-asidi aqinile. Futhi zinezici ezinhle zokungqubuzana kanye nemodulus eyanele ukusiza ukulawula ukuphazamiseka kwengcindezi. Le nto yokusebenza ifanele ukusebenza okuvamile ku-260°C (500°F) emanzini, izinto ezipholile, izinto zokubasa, uwoyela, izixazululo zamakhemikhali alula, nokudla nezidakamizwa.
I-Antimony impregnated carbon seals nayo ibonise ukuthi iphumelele ngenxa yamandla kanye nemodulus ye-antimoni, okwenza kube kuhle ekufakweni kwengcindezi ephezulu lapho kudingeka impahla enamandla futhi eqinile. Lezi zimpawu futhi zimelana kakhulu namabhamuza ezinhlelweni ezinoketshezi olunamanzi aphezulu noma ama-hydrocarbon alula, okuyenza ibe yibanga elijwayelekile lezinhlelo eziningi zokucwenga.
Ikhabhoni ingaphinda ifakwe nezinto ezenziwe ngamafilimu ezifana ne-fluoride ukuze isebenze okomile, i-cryogenics kanye ne-vacuum application, noma ama-oxidation inhibitors afana nama-phosphates okushisa okuphezulu, isivinini esikhulu, nokusetshenziswa kwe-turbine kuya ku-800ft/sec futhi cishe ku-537°C (1,000°F).
I-Ceramic
I-Ceramics yizinto ezingaphili ezingezona ezensimbi ezenziwe ngezinhlanganisela zemvelo noma zokwenziwa, ngokuvamile i-alumina oxide noma i-alumina. Inezinga eliphakeme lokuncibilika, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu kanye nokumelana ne-oxidation, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana nemishini, amakhemikhali, i-petroleum, imithi kanye nezimoto.
Iphinde ibe nezindawo ezinhle kakhulu ze-dielectric futhi ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ama-insulators kagesi, izingxenye ezingagqoki, imidiya yokugaya, kanye nezingxenye zokushisa okuphezulu. Ngokuhlanzeka okuphezulu, i-alumina inokumelana okuhle kakhulu kwamakhemikhali kuketshezi oluningi lwezinqubo ngaphandle kwama-asidi athile aqinile, okuholela ekubeni isetshenziswe ezimpahleni eziningi zophawu lwemishini. Kodwa-ke, i-alumina ingaphuka kalula ngaphansi kokushaqeka okushisayo, okukhawulele ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho lokhu kungaba yinkinga.
I-silicon carbide yenziwa ngokuhlanganisa i-silica ne-coke. Ifana ngamakhemikhali ne-ceramic, kodwa inezimfanelo ezingcono zokuthambisa futhi ilukhuni, okuyenza ibe isisombululo esihle sokugqokeka kanzima ezindaweni ezinokhahlo.
Ingaphinda igqitshwe futhi ipholishwe ukuze uphawu lulungiswe izikhathi eziningi empilweni yalo. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kakhulu ngomshini, njengasezigxivini zemishini ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali okuhle, amandla aphezulu, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqokwa okuhle, i-coefficient encane yokungqubuzana kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu.
Uma isetshenziselwa ubuso be-mechanical seal, i-silicon carbide iphumela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe, ukukhuphuka kwempilo yophawu, izindleko zokulungisa eziphansi, kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza zemishini ezungezayo njengama-turbines, ama-compressor, namaphampu amaphakathi. I-silicon carbide ingaba nezakhiwo ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi yenziwe kanjani. I-Reaction bonded silicon carbide yakhiwa ngokuhlanganisa izinhlayiya ze-silicon carbide komunye nomunye ngenqubo yokusabela.
Le nqubo ayithinti kakhulu izinto eziningi ezingokwenyama nezishisayo, kodwa inciphisa ukumelana kwamakhemikhali kwezinto. Amakhemikhali avame kakhulu ayinkinga ama-caustics (namanye amakhemikhali e-pH aphezulu) nama-asidi aqinile, ngakho-ke i-silicon carbide ehlanganisiwe yokusabela akufanele isetshenziswe nalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza.
I-silicon carbide ezenzelayo yenziwa ngokufaka izinhlayiya ze-silicon carbide ngqo ndawonye kusetshenziswa izinsiza ze-non-oxide sintering endaweni epholile emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-2,000°C. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwento yesibili (efana ne-silicon), into eqondile ene-sintered imelana ngamakhemikhali cishe nanoma iluphi uketshezi kanye nesimo senqubo esingase sibonakale kupompo ye-centrifugal.
I-Tungsten carbide iyimpahla esebenza ngezindlela eziningi njenge-silicon carbide, kodwa ifaneleka kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza zengcindezi ephezulu njengoba inokunwebeka okuphakeme okuyivumela ukuthi igobe kancane futhi ivimbele ukuhlanekezeka kobuso. Njenge-silicon carbide, ingaphinda ifakwe futhi ipholishwe.
Ama-Tungsten carbides avame ukukhiqizwa njengama-carbides kasimende ngakho-ke akukho mzamo wokuzibophela i-tungsten carbide. Insimbi yesibili yengezwa ukuze kuhlanganiswe noma kusimende izinhlayiya ze-tungsten carbide ndawonye, okuholela entweni enezinto ezihlanganisiwe zazo zombili i-tungsten carbide kanye ne-binder yensimbi.
Lokhu kusetshenziswe ngokunenzuzo ngokunikeza ukuqina okukhulu namandla okuthonya kunalokho okungenzeka nge-tungsten carbide iyodwa. Obunye bobuthakathaka be-tungsten carbide enosimende ukuminyana kwayo okuphezulu. Esikhathini esedlule, i-tungsten carbide eboshwe nge-cobalt yayisetshenziswa, nokho kancane kancane yathathelwa indawo yi-tungsten carbide ene-nickel ngenxa yokuthi ayinakho uhla lokuhambisana kwamakhemikhali oludingekayo embonini.
I-tungsten carbide eboshwe nge-nickel isetshenziselwa kakhulu ubuso be-seal lapho kufunwa khona amandla aphezulu kanye nezakhiwo eziqinile, futhi inokuhambisana okuhle kwamakhemikhali ngokuvamile okukhawulwa yi-nickel yamahhala.
I-GFPTF
I-GFPTFE inokumelana okuhle kwamakhemikhali, futhi ingilazi eyengeziwe inciphisa ukungqubuzana kobuso obuvaliwe. Ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlanzekile futhi ishibhile kunezinye izinto. Kukhona okuhlukile okutholakalayo ukufanisa kangcono uphawu nezidingo nendawo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo kukonke.
Buna
I-Buna (eyaziwa nangokuthi irabha ye-nitrile) iyi-elastomer ebiza izindleko zama-O-rings, ama-sealants kanye nemikhiqizo ebunjiwe. Yaziwa kakhulu ngokusebenza kwayo kwemishini futhi yenza kahle ekusetshenzisweni kwe-oyela, i-petrochemical kanye namakhemikhali. Ibuye isetshenziselwe kakhulu uwoyela ongahluziwe, amanzi, utshwala obuhlukahlukene, i-silicone grease kanye nezicelo zoketshezi olusebenzisa amanzi ngenxa yokungaguquguquki.
Njengoba i-Buna iyi-copolymer yerabha yokwenziwa, isebenza kahle ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukunamathela kwensimbi nezinto ezikwazi ukumelana nemihuzuko, futhi lesi sangemuva samakhemikhali siyenza ilungele ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi njengoba yakhelwe nge-asidi empofu kanye nokumelana ne-alkali okuthambile.
I-Buna ikhawulelwe ezinhlelweni ezinezici eziyingozi kakhulu ezifana namazinga okushisa aphezulu, isimo sezulu, ukukhanya kwelanga kanye nezicelo zokumelana nomusi, futhi ayifaneleki ngama-sanitizing agents ahlanzekile-in-place (CIP) aqukethe ama-asidi nama-peroxides.
I-EPDM
I-EPDM iyirabha yokwenziwa evame ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni, zokwakha kanye nezicelo zemishini zama-seal nama-O-rings, amashubhu namawasha. Ibiza kakhulu kune-Buna, kodwa ingamelana nezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo ezishisayo, isimo sezulu kanye nemishini ngenxa yamandla ayo ahlala isikhathi eside. Isebenza ngezindlela eziningi futhi ilungele ukusetshenziswa okubandakanya amanzi, i-chlorine, i-bleach nezinye izinto ze-alkaline.
Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokunwebeka nokunamathelayo, uma seyeluliwe, i-EPDM ibuyela esimweni sayo sasekuqaleni kungakhathaliseki izinga lokushisa. I-EPDM ayinconyelwe uwoyela we-petroleum, uketshezi, i-chlorinated hydrocarbon noma i-hydrocarbon solvent applications.
Viton
I-Viton ingumkhiqizo ohlala isikhathi eside, osebenza kahle kakhulu, one-fluorinated, umkhiqizo werabha we-hydrocarbon osetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-O-Rings nezimpawu. Ibiza kakhulu kunezinye izinto zenjoloba kodwa iyindlela ekhethwayo yezidingo zokuvala eziyinselele ezinzima kakhulu.
Imelana ne-ozone, i-oxidation kanye nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa izinto ezifana ne-aliphatic kanye nama-hydrocarbon anephunga elimnandi, uketshezi olunamanzi kanye nezinto eziqinile ze-asidi, ingenye yama-fluoroelastomer aqine kakhulu.
Ukukhetha impahla efanele yokuvala kubalulekile ukuze isicelo siphumelele. Nakuba izinto eziningi zokufaka uphawu ziyefana, ngayinye isebenza ngezinhloso ezehlukene ukuhlangabezana nanoma yisiphi isidingo esithile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-12-2023