Izimpawu zemishinidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekugwemeni ukuvuza kwezimboni eziningi ezahlukene. Embonini yasolwandle kukhonafutha izimpawu zemishini, izigxivizo zemishini yeshaft ejikelezayo. Nasembonini kawoyela negesi kukhonai-cartridge mechanical seals,hlukanisa izimpawu zemishini noma izigxivizo zegesi ezomile. Ezimbonini zezimoto kukhona ama-water mechanical seal. Futhi embonini yamakhemikhali kukhona ama-mixer mechanical seals (i-agitator mechanical seals) kanye ne-compressor mechanical seals.
Kuya ngesimo sokusebenzisa esihlukile, kudinga isixazululo sokuvala ngomshini ngezinto ezahlukahlukene. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezisetshenziswayomechanical shaft seals njengezimpawu ze-ceramic mechanical, seals carbon mechanical, seal Silicone carbide mechanical,SSIC mechanical seals kanyeIzimpawu ze-TC mechanical.
Izimpawu ze-Ceramic mechanical
Izigxivizo ze-Ceramic mechanical ziyingxenye ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni ezihlukahlukene, eziklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukuvuza koketshezi phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili, njengomphini ojikelezayo kanye nendlu enganyakazi. Lezi zimpawu zaziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokungagugi okukhethekile, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nekhono lokumelana nezinga lokushisa elidlulele.
Iqhaza eliyinhloko lama-ceramic mechanical seal ukugcina ubuqotho bemishini ngokuvimbela ukulahlekelwa uketshezi noma ukungcoliswa. Zisetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi, ezihlanganisa uwoyela negesi, ukucubungula amakhemikhali, ukwelapha amanzi, ezemithi kanye nokucubungula ukudla. Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwalezi zimpawu kungabangelwa ukwakhiwa kwazo okuhlala isikhathi eside; zenziwe ngezinto ezithuthukisiwe ze-ceramic ezinikeza izici zokusebenza eziphakeme kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto zokuvala uphawu.
Izigxivizo ze-Ceramic mechanical zihlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: enye iwubuso bemishini obumile (imvamisa eyenziwe nge-ceramic material), kanti enye i-mechanical rotary face (evame ukwakhiwa nge-carbon graphite). Isenzo sokuvala senzeka lapho bobabili ubuso bucindezelwa ndawonye kusetshenziswa amandla asentwasahlobo, okudala umgoqo osebenzayo ngokumelene nokuvuza koketshezi. Njengoba okokusebenza kusebenza, ifilimu yokugcoba phakathi kobuso obuvaliwe inciphisa ukungqubuzana nokuguga ngenkathi igcina uphawu oluqinile.
Isici esisodwa esibalulekile esihlukanisa izigxivizo ze-ceramic mechanical kwezinye izinhlobo ukumelana kwazo okuvelele ukugqokwa. Izinto ze-Ceramic zinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokuqina ezivumela ukuthi zibekezelele izimo ezilimazayo ngaphandle kokulimala okukhulu. Lokhu kubangela izimpawu ezihlala isikhathi eside ezidinga ukushintshwa noma ukunakekelwa kancane kunalezo ezenziwe ngezinto ezithambile.
Ngaphezu kokumelana nokugqoka, i-ceramics ibuye ibonise ukuzinza okungavamile kokushisa. Bangakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu ngaphandle kokuhlangabezana nokucekelwa phansi noma ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle kokuvala uphawu. Lokhu kubenza bafanelekele ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokushisa okuphezulu lapho ezinye izinto zokuvala zingase zehluleke ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Okokugcina, izigxivizo ze-ceramic mechanical zinikeza ukuhambisana okuhle kakhulu kwamakhemikhali, ukumelana nezinto ezihlukahlukene ezonakalisayo. Lokhu kubenza babe ukukhetha okukhangayo ezimbonini ezivame ukubhekana namakhemikhali anokhahlo noketshezi olunamandla.
Izigxivizo ze-Ceramic mechanical zibalulekileizingxenye zezimpawuyakhelwe ukuvimbela ukuvuza koketshezi emishinini yezimboni. Izakhiwo zabo ezihlukile, njengokumelana nokugqokwa, ukuzinza kwe-thermal, nokuhambisana namakhemikhali, kuzenza zibe ukukhetha okuncanyelwayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene kuzo zonke izimboni eziningi.
| impahla ye-ceramic ngokomzimba | ||||
| Ipharamitha yobuchwepheshe | iyunithi | 95% | 99% | 99.50% |
| Ukuminyana | g/cm3 | 3.7 | 3.88 | 3.9 |
| Ukuqina | HRA | 85 | 88 | 90 |
| Izinga le-porosity | % | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.15 |
| Amandla e-fractural | I-MPa | 250 | 310 | 350 |
| I-coefficient yokwandisa ukushisa | 10(-6)/K | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.2 |
| I-Thermal conductivity | W/MK | 27.8 | 26.7 | 26 |
Izimpawu ze-Carbon mechanical
I-Mechanical carbon seal inomlando omude. I-graphite i-isoform ye-element carbon. Ngo-1971, i-United States yafunda ngempumelelo eguquguqukayo ye-graphite mechanical sealing material, eyaxazulula ukuvuza kwe-athomu yamandla valve. Ngemuva kokucutshungulwa okujulile, i-graphite eguquguqukayo iba yinto enhle kakhulu yokuvala uphawu, eyenziwe yaba izigxivizo ezihlukahlukene ze-carbon mechanical ngomphumela wezingxenye zokuvala. Lezi zimpawu ze-carbon mechanical zisetshenziswa kumakhemikhali, i-petroleum, izimboni zamandla kagesi ezifana nokushisa okuphezulu kwe-fluid seal.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-graphite eguquguqukayo yenziwa ngokunwetshwa kwe-graphite eyandisiwe ngemuva kokushisa okuphezulu, inani le-ejenti ehlanganayo esele ku-graphite eguquguqukayo lincane kakhulu, kodwa hhayi ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke ukuba khona kanye nokwakheka kwe-ejenti yokuhlanganisa kunethonya elikhulu kukhwalithi. kanye nokusebenza komkhiqizo.
Ukukhethwa kwe-Carbon Seal face Material
Umsunguli wangempela wasebenzisa i-sulfuric acid egxilile njenge-oxidant ne-intercalating agent. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokufakwa uphawu lwengxenye yensimbi, inani elincane lesulfure elisele ku-graphite eguquguqukayo litholakale lidla insimbi yokuxhumana ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Ngenxa yaleli phuzu, ezinye izazi zasekhaya ziye zazama ukulithuthukisa, njengoSong Kemin owakhetha i-acetic acid ne-organic acid esikhundleni se-sulfuric acid. i-asidi, ihamba kancane ku-nitric acid, futhi yehlise izinga lokushisa libe yizinga lokushisa elilingana negumbi, elenziwe ngengxube ye-nitric acid ne-acetic acid. Ngokusebenzisa ingxube ye-nitric acid ne-acetic acid njenge-ejenti efakayo, i-graphite enwetshiwe engenaso isibabule yalungiswa nge-potassium permanganate njenge-oxidant, futhi i-acetic acid yengezwa kancane ku-nitric acid. Izinga lokushisa liyancishiswa libe ekamelweni lokushisa, futhi ingxube ye-nitric acid ne-acetic acid yenziwa. Khona-ke i-flake yemvelo ye-graphite ne-potassium permanganate yengezwa kule ngxube. Ngaphansi kokugqugquzelwa njalo, izinga lokushisa liyi-30 C. Ngemuva kokuphendula i-40min, amanzi ahlanjululwa ukuze angathathi hlangothi futhi omisiwe ku-50 ~ 60 C, futhi i-graphite eyandisiwe yenziwa ngemva kokunwetshwa kokushisa okuphezulu. Le ndlela ayifezi ukuvuthwa ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi umkhiqizo ungafinyelela umthamo othize wokunwetshwa, ukuze kuzuzwe uhlobo oluzinzile lwento yokuvala.
| Uhlobo | I-M106H | I-M120H | I-M106K | I-M120K | I-M106F | I-M120F | I-M106D | I-M120D | M254D |
| Ibhrendi | Ukhulelwe | Ukhulelwe | I-Phenol ekhulelwe | I-Antimony Carbon(A) | |||||
| Ukuminyana | 1.75 | 1.7 | 1.75 | 1.7 | 1.75 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
| Amandla Efractural | 65 | 60 | 67 | 62 | 60 | 55 | 65 | 60 | 55 |
| Amandla Acindezelayo | 200 | 180 | 200 | 180 | 200 | 180 | 220 | 220 | 210 |
| Ukuqina | 85 | 80 | 90 | 85 | 85 | 80 | 90 | 90 | 65 |
| I-Porosity | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1.5 | <1.5 | <1.5 |
| Amazinga okushisa | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 400 | 400 | 450 |
I-Silicon Carbide mechanical seals
I-Silicon carbide (SiC) yaziwa nangokuthi i-carborundum, eyenziwe ngesihlabathi se-quartz, i-petroleum coke (noma i-coke yamalahle), ama-wood chips (okudingeka kwengezwe lapho kukhiqizwa i-silicon carbide eluhlaza) njalonjalo. I-silicon carbide nayo inamaminerali angavamile ngokwemvelo, ama-mulberry. Esikhathini samanje se-C, N, B kanye nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-non-oxide high technology refractory, i-silicon carbide ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ezongayo, ezingabizwa ngokuthi isihlabathi sensimbi yegolide noma isihlabathi esiphikisayo. Njengamanje, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni zaseShayina kwe-silicon carbide ihlukaniswe yaba i-silicon carbide emnyama ne-silicon carbide, kokubili okungamakristalu angama-hexagonal anengxenye engu-3.20 ~ 3.25 kanye nokuqina okuncane okungu-2840 ~ 3320kg/m².
Imikhiqizo ye-silicon carbide ihlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningi ngokuya ngendawo yokusebenza ehlukile. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kakhulu ngomshini. Isibonelo, i-silicon carbide iyimpahla efanelekile ye-silicon carbide mechanical seal ngenxa yokumelana kwayo okuhle nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali, amandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqokwa okuhle, i-coefficient encane yokungqubuzana kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu.
I-SIC Seal rings ingahlukaniswa ibe yindandatho emile, indandatho ehambayo, indandatho eyisicaba nokunye. I-silicon ye-SiC ingenziwa ibe imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-carbide, njenge-silicon carbide rotary ring, isihlalo esimisiwe se-silicon carbide, i-silicon carbide bush, njalonjalo, ngokuvumelana nezidingo ezikhethekile zamakhasimende. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ngokuhlanganiswa nezinto ze-graphite, futhi i-coefficient yayo ye-friction incane kune-alumina ceramic ne-alloy eqinile, ngakho ingasetshenziswa ngenani eliphezulu le-PV, ikakhulukazi esimweni se-asidi eqinile ne-alkali eqinile.
Ukungqubuzana okuncishisiwe kwe-SIC kungenye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zokuyisebenzisa kuma-mechanical seal. Ngakho-ke i-SIC ingamelana nokuguga nokudabuka kangcono kunezinye izinto zokwakha, inwebe impilo yophawu. Ukwengeza, ukungqubuzana okuncishisiwe kwe-SIC kunciphisa isidingo sokuthambisa. Ukuntuleka kokugcoba kunciphisa amathuba okungcola nokugqwala, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka.
I-SIC nayo inokumelana okukhulu nokugqoka. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ingabekezelela ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuwohloka noma ukuphuka. Lokhu kuyenza ibe into efanelekile yokusetshenziswa edinga izinga eliphezulu lokwethembeka nokuqina.
Ingaphinda igqitshwe futhi ipholishwe ukuze uphawu lulungiswe izikhathi eziningi empilweni yalo. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kakhulu ngomshini, njengasezigxivini zemishini ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali okuhle, amandla aphezulu, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqokwa okuhle, i-coefficient encane yokungqubuzana kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu.
Uma isetshenziselwa ubuso be-mechanical seal, i-silicon carbide iphumela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe, ukukhuphuka kwempilo yophawu, izindleko zokulungisa eziphansi, kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza zemishini ezungezayo njengama-turbines, ama-compressor, namaphampu amaphakathi. I-silicon carbide ingaba nezakhiwo ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi yenziwe kanjani. I-Reaction bonded silicon carbide yakhiwa ngokuhlanganisa izinhlayiya ze-silicon carbide komunye nomunye ngenqubo yokusabela.
Le nqubo ayithinti kakhulu izinto eziningi ezingokwenyama nezishisayo, kodwa inciphisa ukumelana kwamakhemikhali kwezinto. Amakhemikhali avame kakhulu ayinkinga ama-caustics (namanye amakhemikhali e-pH aphezulu) nama-asidi aqinile, ngakho-ke i-silicon carbide ehlanganisiwe yokusabela akufanele isetshenziswe nalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza.
I-Rection-sintered ingenisiwei-silicon carbide. Kulezi zinto, izimbotshana zezinto zokuqala ze-SIC zigcwaliswa ngenqubo yokungeniswa ngokushisa i-silicon yensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela kuvela i-SiC yesibili futhi impahla ithola izakhiwo ezihlukile zemishini, ingagugi. Ngenxa yokuncipha kwayo okuncane, ingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izingxenye ezinkulu neziyinkimbinkimbi ezinokubekezelelana okuseduze. Kodwa-ke, okuqukethwe kwe-silicon kunciphisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza ku-1,350 °C, ukumelana kwamakhemikhali nakho kukhawulelwe cishe ku-pH 10. Izinto azinconywa ukuthi zisetshenziswe ezindaweni ezinolaka ezine-alkaline.
I-SinteredI-silicon carbide itholakala ngokufaka i-SIC granulate ecindezelwe ngaphambili esezingeni lokushisa elingu-2000 °C ukuze kwakheke izibopho eziqinile phakathi kwezinhlamvu zezinto.
Okokuqala, i-lattice iyaqina, khona-ke i-porosity iyancipha, futhi ekugcineni izibopho phakathi kwezinhlamvu zezinhlamvu. Enqubweni yokucubungula okunjalo, ukuncipha okuphawulekayo komkhiqizo kwenzeka - cishe ngama-20%.
Indandatho ye-SSIC imelana nawo wonke amakhemikhali. Njengoba ingekho i-silicon yensimbi ekhona esakhiweni sayo, ingasetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-1600C ngaphandle kokuphazamisa amandla ayo.
| izakhiwo | I-R-SiC | I-S-SiC |
| I-Porosity (%) | ≤0.3 | ≤0.2 |
| Ukuminyana (g/cm3) | 3.05 | 3.1~3.15 |
| Ukuqina | 110~125 (HS) | 2800 (kg/mm2) |
| I-Elastic Modulus (Gpa) | ≥400 | ≥410 |
| Okuqukethwe kwe-SiC (%) | ≥85% | ≥99% |
| Okuqukethwe (%) | ≤15% | 0.10% |
| Ukugoba Amandla (Mpa) | ≥350 | 450 |
| Amandla Acindezelayo (kg/mm2) | ≥2200 | 3900 |
| I-coefficient yokwandisa ukushisa (1/℃) | 4.5×10-6 | 4.3×10-6 |
| Ukumelana nokushisa (emkhathini) (℃) | 1300 | 1600 |
TC mechanical seal
Izinto ze-TC zinezici zobulukhuni obuphezulu, amandla, ukumelana nokuhuzuka kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Laziwa ngele-“Industrial Tooth”. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu, isetshenziswe kabanzi embonini yezempi, i-aerospace, ukucutshungulwa kwemishini, i-metallurgy, ukumba uwoyela, ukuxhumana ngogesi, izakhiwo kanye neminye imikhakha. Isibonelo, kumaphampu, ama-compressor nama-agitators, indandatho ye-Tungsten carbide isetshenziswa njengezimpawu zemishini. Ukumelana kahle nokuhuzuka kanye nokuqina okuphezulu kuyenza ifaneleke ukwenziwa kwezingxenye ezingagugi nezinokushisa okuphezulu, ukungqubuzana nokugqwala.
Ngokusho kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali nezici zokusebenzisa, i-TC ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine: i-tungsten cobalt (YG), i-tungsten-titanium (YT), i-tungsten titanium tantalum (YW), ne-titanium carbide (YN).
I-Tungsten cobalt (YG) i-hard alloy yenziwe nge-WC kanye ne-Co. Ifanele ukucubungula izinto eziphukayo njengensimbi ekhonjiwe, izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi.
I-Stellite (YT) yakhiwe i-WC, i-TiC ne-Co. Ngenxa yokwengezwa kwe-TiC ku-alloy, ukumelana kwayo nokugqoka kuyathuthukiswa, kodwa amandla okugoba, ukusebenza kokugaya kanye nokuhamba kokushisa kuyehlile. Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ifaneleka kuphela ezintweni ezijwayelekile zokusika ngesivinini futhi hhayi ukucutshungulwa kwezinto eziphukayo.
I-Tungsten titanium tantalum (niobium) cobalt (YW) yengezwa kungxubevange ukuze kwandiswe ubulukhuni bokushisa obuphezulu, amandla kanye nokumelana nemihuzuko ngenani elifanele le-tantalum carbide noma i-niobium carbide. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuqina nakho kuyathuthukiswa ngokusika okungcono okubanzi kokusebenza. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukusika izinto ezinzima kanye nokusika ngezikhathi ezithile.
I-carbonized titanium base class (YN) iyingxubevange eqinile enesigaba esiqinile se-TiC, i-nickel ne-molybdenum. Izinzuzo zayo ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ikhono lokunqanda ukubopha, ukugqokwa kwe-crescent kanye nekhono lokulwa ne-oxidation. Ezingeni lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-1000 degrees, isengenziwa ngomshini. Isebenza ekuqedeni okuqhubekayo kwensimbi ye-alloy kanye nensimbi yokucisha.
| imodeli | okuqukethwe kwe-nickel (wt%) | ukuminyana (g/cm²) | ubulukhuni(HRA) | amandla okugoba(≥N/mm²) |
| YN6 | 5.7-6.2 | 14.5-14.9 | 88.5-91.0 | 1800 |
| YN8 | 7.7-8.2 | 14.4-14.8 | 87.5-90.0 | 2000 |
| imodeli | okuqukethwe kwe-cobalt (wt%) | ukuminyana (g/cm²) | ubulukhuni(HRA) | amandla okugoba(≥N/mm²) |
| YG6 | 5.8-6.2 | 14.6-15.0 | 89.5-91.0 | 1800 |
| YG8 | 7.8-8.2 | 14.5-14.9 | 88.0-90.5 | 1980 |
| YG12 | 11.7-12.2 | 13.9-14.5 | 87.5-89.5 | 2400 |
| YG15 | 14.6-15.2 | 13.9-14.2 | 87.5-89.0 | 2480 |
| YG20 | 19.6-20.2 | 13.4-13.7 | 85.5-88.0 | 2650 |
| YG25 | 24.5-25.2 | 12.9-13.2 | 84.5-87.5 | 2850 |